Ukuhlasela kweJalimane e-Ardennes - ithemba lokugcina likaHitler
Okuqukethwe
- Ukuhlasela kweJalimane e-Ardennes ngoDisemba 16-26, 1944 kwakuzohluleka. Noma kunjalo, wanikeza ama-Allies izinkinga eziningi futhi wabaphoqa ukuba benze imizamo emikhulu yezempi: ukuphumelela kwaqedwa ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 28, 1945. Umholi kanye noshansela we-Reich, u-Adolf Hitler, ohlukanisile neqiniso, wayekholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yalokho kwakungenzeka ukuya e-Antwerp futhi kunqamule i-British 21st Army Group, okuphoqa abaseBrithani ukuba baphume ezwenikazi baye "eDunkirk yesibili. ”. Nokho, umyalo waseJalimane wawazi kahle ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.
- Thumela kwemikhumbi
Ukuhlasela kweJalimane e-Ardennes ngoDisemba 16-26, 1944 kwakuzohluleka. Noma kunjalo, wanikeza ama-Allies izinkinga eziningi futhi wabaphoqa ukuba benze imizamo emikhulu yezempi: ukuphumelela kwaqedwa ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 28, 1945. Umholi kanye noshansela we-Reich, u-Adolf Hitler, ohlukanisile neqiniso, wayekholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yalokho kwakungenzeka ukuya e-Antwerp futhi kunqamule i-British 21st Army Group, okuphoqa abaseBrithani ukuba baphume ezwenikazi baye "eDunkirk yesibili. ”. Nokho, umyalo waseJalimane wawazi kahle ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.
Ngemva kwempi esabekayo eNormandy ngo-June nango-July 1944, amabutho Ahlangene angena endaweni yokusebenza futhi athuthuka ngokushesha. NgoSepthemba 15, cishe yonke iFrance yayisisezandleni zama-Allies, ngaphandle kuka-Alsace noLorraine. Ukusuka enyakatho, umugqa ongaphambili wawudabula eBelgium usuka e-Ostend, udlule e-Antwerp naseMaastricht uya e-Aachen, bese ucishe ugudle umngcele weBelgian-German kanye neLuxembourg-German, bese useningizimu eduze nomfula iMoselle kuze kufike emngceleni weSwitzerland. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi maphakathi no-September, abalingani baseNtshonalanga bangqongqoza eminyango yezindawo zokhokho be-Third Reich. Kodwa okubi nakakhulu, bakha usongo oluqondile kumaRuru. Isikhundla seJalimane sasingenathemba.
I-Idea
U-Adolf Hitler wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakusengenzeka ukunqoba abaphikisi. Impela hhayi ngomqondo wokubaguqa; Nokho, ngokombono kaHitler, ukulahlekelwa okunjalo kwakungase kwenziwe kubo ukuze bakholise iZizwe Ezihlangene ukuba zivumelane ngemibandela yokuthula eyayingamukeleka eJalimane. Wayekholelwa ukuthi abaphikisi ababuthakathaka kufanele baqedwe ngenxa yalokhu, futhi wayebheka abaseBrithani nabaseMelika njengabanjalo. Ukuthula okuhlukanisayo entshonalanga kwadingeka kukhulule amabutho abalulekile nezindlela zokuqinisa izivikelo empumalanga. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uma ayekwazi ukudedela impi yokuqothula empumalanga, umoya wamaJalimane wawuyobusa phezu kwamaKhomanisi.
Ukuze kube nokuthula okuhlukanisayo entshonalanga, kwakudingeka kwenziwe izinto ezimbili. Eyokuqala yalezi yizindlela ezingajwayelekile zokuziphindiselela - amabhomu endizayo e-V-1 kanye nemicibisholo ecitshwayo ye-V-2, amaJalimane ayehlose ngayo ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwabalingani emadolobheni amakhulu, ikakhulukazi eLondon, futhi kamuva e-Antwerp naseParis. Umzamo wesibili wawungokwesiko kakhulu, nakuba wawuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuze ethule umbono wakhe, uHitler waba nomhlangano okhethekile ngoMgqibelo, ngo-September 16, 1944, nabangane bakhe abaseduze. Phakathi kwababekhona kwakukhona uField Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, owayeyinhloko yoMkhuzi Ophakeme Wezempi YaseJalimane - OKW (Oberkommando Wehrmacht). Ngokwethiyori, i-OKW yayinemiyalo emithathu: I-Ground Forces - OKH (Oberkommando der Heeres), i-Air Force - OKL (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe) kanye ne-Navy - OKM (Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine). Kodwa-ke, empeleni, abaholi abanamandla balezi zikhungo bathatha imiyalo evela kuHitler kuphela, ngakho-ke amandla e-Supreme High Command of the Armed Forces phezu kwabo ayengekho. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1943 kuye kwavela isimo esingavamile lapho i-OKW yaphathiswa khona ubuholi bayo yonke imisebenzi ngokumelene nama-Allies e-Western (France) naseNingizimu (Italy) yaseshashalazini, futhi ngayinye yalezi midlalo yayinomphathi wayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNdlunkulu ye-Supreme High Command of the Ground Forces yathatha umthwalo we-Eastern Front.
Lo mhlangano ubuhanjelwe yiNhloko yeGeneral Staff of the Ground Forces, ngaleso sikhathi uColonel General Heinz Guderian. Ujenene wesithathu osebenzayo osesikhundleni esiphezulu wayeyinduna yabasebenzi be-Supreme High Command of the German Armed Forces - WFA (Wehrmachts-Führungsamt), uColonel General Alfred Jodl. I-WFA yakha umgogodla we-OKW, okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi amayunithi ayo okusebenza.
UHitler wamemezela isinqumo sakhe ngokungalindelekile: ezinyangeni ezimbili kuzoqalwa ukuhlasela entshonalanga, inhloso yakho kuzoba ukuphinda kuthathwe i-Antwerp futhi kuhlukanise amasosha ase-Anglo-Canadian emabuthweni aseMelika-French. I-British 21st Army Group izozungwa futhi iphiniwe e-Belgium ogwini loLwandle Olusenyakatho. Iphupho likaHitler kwakuwukumthuthela eBrithani.
Cishe lalingekho ithuba lokuphumelela kokuhlasela okunjalo. AbaseBrithani nabaseMelika eWestern Front babenezigaba ezigcwele ezingama-96, kuyilapho amaJalimane enama-55 kuphela, futhi ayengaphelele. Ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli owuketshezi eJalimane kwehliswe kakhulu ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-Allied, njengoba kwakunjalo nokukhiqizwa kwezikhali. Kusukela ngo-September 1, 1939 kuya ku-September 1, 1944, ukulahlekelwa kwabantu okungenakubuyiseka (ukubulawa, ukulahleka, ukucwiywa kwaze kwadingeka ukuba bakhishwe) kwaba amasosha angu-3 nezikhulu ezingagunyaziwe kanye nezikhulu ezingu-266.
