Izigaba zezikhali zaseJalimane: Januwari 1942-Juni 1944

Izigaba zezikhali zaseJalimane

Umkhankaso eSoviet Union ngo-1941, naphezu kokunqoba okumangalisayo okwatholwa i-Wehrmacht phezu kwe-Red Army eyayidangele futhi engaqeqeshwanga kahle, yaphela kabi kumaJalimane. I-USSR ayizange ihlulwe futhi iMoscow ayizange ibanjwe. Ibutho laseJalimane elalikhathele lasinda ebusika obunzima, futhi impi yaphenduka ingxabano eyadla abantu abaningi nezinto ezibonakalayo. Futhi amaJalimane ayengakakulungeli lokhu, kwakungafanele kube njalo ...

Okunye ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane kwakuhlelwe ehlobo lika-1942, okwakuzonquma impumelelo yomkhankaso empumalanga. Imisebenzi yokuhlasela yachazwa ku-Directive No. 41 ka-April 5, 1942, lapho isimo sangaphambili sizinza futhi i-Wehrmacht yasinda ebusika, eyayingakulungele ngokuphelele.

Njengoba ukuzivikela eMoscow kwabonakala kungenakunqotshwa, kwanqunywa ukuba kunqunywe i-USSR emithonjeni yamafutha - izinto ezidingekayo empini. Izinqolobane eziyinhloko zamafutha aseSoviet zazise-Azerbaijan (i-Baku oLwandle lweCaspian), lapho kukhiqizwa amathani kawoyela angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 ngonyaka, okuhlanganisa cishe wonke ukukhiqizwa kweSoviet. Ingxenye ebalulekile yekota esele yawela esifundeni saseMaikop-Grozny (eRussia naseChechnya) naseMakhachkala eDagestan. Zonke lezi zindawo kungenzeka ukuthi zingaphansi kweCaucasus, noma ziseningizimu-mpumalanga kancane yalolu khahlamba olukhulu lwezintaba. Ukuhlaselwa kweCaucasus ngenhloso yokubamba amasimu kawoyela kanye neVolga (eStalingrad) ukuze kunqanyulwe imithambo yokuxhumana lapho uwoyela ongahluziwe uthuthwa khona uyiswa maphakathi ne-USSR wawuzokwenziwa yi-GA "South" , kanye namanye amaqembu amabili amasosha - "Isikhungo" kanye "neNyakatho" - bekufanele baqhubeke nokuzivikela. Ngakho, ebusika 1941/1942, GA "South" waqala ukuqiniswa ukudluliswa amayunithi kusukela amaqembu asele ibutho eningizimu.

Ukwakhiwa kwezigaba ezintsha zezikhali

Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezigaba ezintsha kwakuyizinyunithi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezakhiwo ze-armored, ezaqala ukwakha ekwindla ka-1940. Amasosha amane asanda kwakhiwa kanye nezimpi ezimbili ezihlukene ahlome ngemishini yaseFrance ethathiwe. Lawa mayunithi akhiwa phakathi kwekwindla ka-1940 nentwasahlobo ka-1941. Kwakuyi: Ibutho Lezempi Lama-201, elathola i-Somua H-35 ne-Hotchkiss H-35/H-39; 202nd Tank Regiment, ifakwe 18 Somua H-35 kanye 41 Hotchkiss H-35/H-39s; I-203rd Tank Regiment ithole i-Somua H-35 ne-Hotchkiss H-35/39; I-204th Tank Regiment eyabelwe i-Somua H-35 ne-Hotchkiss H-35/H39; Ibutho lethangi lama-213, elihlome ngamathangi asindayo angu-36 Char 2C, lalibizwa nge-Pz.Kpfw. B2; Ibutho lethangi lama-214,

ithole +30 iRenault R-35.

NgoSepthemba 25, 1941, kwaqala inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezigaba ezimbili zamathangi - isigaba sama-22 sethangi kanye nesigaba sama-23 samathangi. Zombili zakhiwa kusukela ekuqaleni eFrance, kodwa imikhosi yamathangi ayo bekuyi-204th Tank Regiment kanye ne-201st Tank Regiment ngokulandelanayo, futhi ifakwe imishini ehlukahlukene yaseJalimane ne-Czech. I-204th Tank Regiment ithole: 10 Pz II, 36 Pz 38(t), 6 Pz IV (75/L24) kanye ne-6 Pz IV (75/L43), kuyilapho i-201st Tank Regiment ithola amathangi enziwe eJalimane. Kancane kancane, izifunda kuzo zombili izigaba zabuye zagcwaliswa, nakuba zingafikanga kubasebenzi abagcwele. Ngo-March 1942, izigaba zathunyelwa empini.

Ngo-December 1, 1941, ekamu laseStalbek (manje eliyiDolgorukovo eMpumalanga Prussia), kwaqala ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-1st Cavalry Division yaba yi-24th Tank Division. Ibutho lalo lamathangi lama-24 lakhiwa kusukela kubutho elihlakaziwe le-101st flamethrower ithangi, lengezwe ngabagibeli bamahhashi abavela ku-2nd kanye ne-21st yamabutho amahhashi esigaba, abaqeqeshelwe ukuba ngamathangi. Ekuqaleni, zonke izigaba ezintathu zazinebutho lezibhamu ezinezithuthuthu ezihlanganisa ibutho lezibhamu ezintathu kanye nebutho lezithuthuthu, kodwa ngoJulayi 1942 abasebenzi be-rifle brigade bahlakazwa futhi kwakhiwa ibutho lesibili lezibhamu, futhi zombili izikhulu ezihamba ngezimoto zaqedwa. iguqulwe yaba ibutho lama-battalion amabili.

Ilungiselela ukuhlasela okusha

I-Axis ikwazile ukuqoqa amasosha angaba yisigidi ukuze ahlasele, ahlelwa abe yizigaba ezingama-65 zamaJalimane nezingu-25 zaseRomania, zase-Italy naseHungary. Ngokohlelo olwalungiselelwa ngo-April, ekuqaleni kuka-July 1942, i-GA "Ningizimu" yahlukaniswa yaba i-GA "A" (Field Marshal Wilhelm List), eyathuthela eCaucasus, kanye no-GA "B" (uColonel General Maximilian Freiherr von Weichs) , ibheke empumalanga ngaseVolga.

Entwasahlobo ka-1942, i-GA "Poludne" yayihlanganisa izingxenye zamathangi eziyisishiyagalolunye (3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 24) kanye nezigaba eziyisithupha zemoto (3rd, 16, 29, 60, SS Viking). . "kanye neJalimane Enkulu"). Uma kuqhathaniswa, kusukela ngoJulayi 4, 1942, izingxenye ezimbili kuphela zamathangi (8th and 12th) kanye nezigaba ezimbili zezimoto (18th and 20th) zahlala eSever GA, naseSredny GA - izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zamathangi (1., 2nd, 4th. , 5th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th) kanye nezinjini ezimbili (ye-10 kanye ne-25). Isigaba sesi-6, sesi-7 kanye nese-10 sasiseFrance (esihloselwe ukuphumula nokuvuselela, kamuva sabuyela empini), futhi amabutho e-15 kanye nama-21 kanye ne-Dlek yama-90 (ehamba ngezimoto) alwa e-Afrika.

Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-GA "Poludne" GA "A" yayihlanganisa i-1st Tank Army kanye ne-17th Army, futhi i-GA "B" yayihlanganisa: Ibutho Lesibili, Ibutho Le-2 Lamathangi, Ibutho Lesithupha, kanye Amabutho Esithathu Nesi-4. Ibutho laseRomania, ibutho lesibili laseHungary kanye nebutho lesi-6 lase-Italy. Kulezi, i-Panzer yaseJalimane kanye nokuhlukana kwezimoto bekukuwo wonke amabutho ngaphandle kwe-3nd Army, eyayingenakho ukuhlukana okusheshayo nhlobo.