Amafutha alfabhethi
Isisho esithi "ngubani ogcoba amagiya" sibalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngamafutha emoto.
Ukuqina kweyunithi yamandla akuxhomekile kuphela ngekhwalithi yamafutha, kodwa futhi nasekukhetheni okulungile kwenjini ethile. Injini yesimanje futhi enamandla kanye nenjini ehluke ngokuphelele ekhombisa izimpawu zokuguga okubalulekile idinga uwoyela ohlukile.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamafutha ukugcoba nokuvimbela ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezisebenzisanayo. Phula ungqimba lwamafutha, i.e. phula okuthiwa. Ifilimu kawoyela iholela ekugugeni kwenjini ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kokugcoba, uwoyela ubuye uphole, unciphise umsindo, uvikele ekugqwaleni, uvale futhi ukhiphe ukungcola. 
Ungawafunda kanjani amafutha
Wonke amafutha emoto angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu: amaminerali, i-semi-synthetic kanye ne-synthetic. Uwoyela ngamunye uchaza imingcele embalwa eyisisekelo, njengebanga kanye ne-viscosity. Isigaba sekhwalithi (ngokuvamile nge-API) sinezinhlamvu ezimbili (isb. SH, CE). Eyokuqala ichaza ukuthi iyiphi injini ehloselwe uwoyela (S kaphethiloli, C ngodizili), kanti eyesibili ichaza izinga lekhwalithi. Uma uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu luphakeme, izinga likawoyela liphakeme (uwoyela we-SJ ungcono kune-SE, futhi i-CD ingcono kune-CC). Ngokumakwa kwe-SJ/CF, ingasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili. Ipharamitha yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity (imvamisa i-SAE), enquma ibanga lokushisa elingasetshenziswa. Njengamanje, kukhiqizwa cishe kuphela uwoyela we-multigrade, ngakho-ke ukumaka kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili (isibonelo, i-10W-40). Eyokuqala enohlamvu W (0W, 5W, 10W) ikhombisa ukuthi uwoyela uhloselwe ukusetshenziswa ebusika. Uma isibalo siphansi, uwoyela wenza kangcono emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ingxenye yesibili (30, 40, 50) yazisa ukuthi amafutha angasetshenziswa ehlobo. Uma iphezulu, iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Nge-viscosity engalungile (uwoyela omningi noma omncane kakhulu), injini ingahluleka ngokushesha. Amafutha amaminerali avame ukuba ne-viscosity ye-15W-40, i-semi-synthetic 10W-40, namafutha okwenziwa 0W-30, 0W-40, 5W-40, 5W-50.
Izindlela Zokukhetha
Lapho ukhetha uwoyela, kufanele uqale ucabangele imingcele yayo, hhayi uhlobo, futhi uqondiswe izincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto (isibonelo, i-VW, izindinganiso 505.00, 506.00). Ungasebenzisa amafutha asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa hhayi amabi kakhulu. Kukhona futhi amafutha ezinjini ezisebenza ngegesi eliwuketshezi, kodwa akudingekile ukuwasebenzisa, kwanele ukubheka izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela ezisetshenziswa kuze kube manje.
Amafutha okwenziwa angcono kakhulu ezinjinini ezintsha nezike zasetshenziswa ngoba ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwenjini okuhle, agcina izakhiwo zawo isikhathi eside futhi amelana kakhulu nezimo zokusebenza ezidlulele. Lawa mafutha anezinga lokushisa elibanzi ngakho-ke injini igcotshwa ngendlela ebandayo ebanda kakhulu nasekushiseni. Ezinjinini ezilayishwe ukushisa, njengezinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-turbocharged, amafutha ane-viscosity engu-10W-60 angasetshenziswa, amelana kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu.
Uma injini ine-mileage ephezulu futhi iqala "ukuthatha" uwoyela, shintsha isuka ku-synthetics iye kuma-semi-synthetics. Uma lokhu kungasizi, udinga ukukhetha amaminerali. Ezinjinini ezigugile kakhulu, kukhona amafutha amaminerali akhethekile (isb. I-Shell Mileage 15W-50, i-Castrol GTX Mileage 15W-40) avala injini, anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwenjini futhi anciphise umsindo.
Uma usebenzisa uwoyela wamaminerali wekhwalithi engeyona enhle kakhulu, ukuthululela uwoyela wokwenziwa enjini enjalo, enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlanza, kuzoholela ekucindezelekeni kwenjini nokugeza amadiphozithi. Futhi lokhu kungase kubangele ukuvaleka kwamashaneli kawoyela kanye nokuma kwenjini. Uma singazi ukuthi uwoyela wagcwala kuphi, futhi injini ayinayo i-mileage ephezulu, kuphephile ukuthulula ama-semi-synthetics, angenazo izingozi ezifanayo njenge-synthetics, nokuvikela injini kangcono kakhulu kunamafutha amaminerali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphephile ukugcwalisa injini ye-mileage ephezulu ngamafutha amaminerali amahle. 
qualitative. Kulesi simo, ingozi yokukhishwa kwe-sediment nokuvulwa iphansi. Awukho umkhawulo we-mileage othize ongashintsha kuwo usuke ku-synthetics uye emanzini amaminerali. Kuya ngesimo senjini.
Sihlola izinga
Izinga likawoyela kufanele lihlolwe njalo ngebanga lika-1000 km, okungcono njalo uma ugcwalisa noma ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nohambo lwakho. Uma kudingekile ukwengeza amafutha, kodwa asikwazi ukuthenga amafutha afanayo, ungasebenzisa amanye amafutha, okungcono izinga elifanayo kanye nesigaba se-viscosity. Uma kungenjalo, uthele amafutha ngamapharamitha aseduze kakhulu.
Nini esikhundleni?
Ukuze injini ibe nempilo ende yesevisi, akwanele ukusebenzisa amafutha afanele, kufanele futhi ishintshwe ngokuhlelekile, ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi. Kwezinye izimoto (isb. Mercedes, BMW) ushintsho lunqunywa ikhompuyutha kuye ngesimo sikawoyela. Lesi yisixazululo esingcono kakhulu, ngoba ukushintshwa kwenzeka kuphela lapho amafutha elahlekelwa ngempela imingcele yawo.
Amafutha amaminerali | |||
Yenza | Igama lamafutha kanye ne-viscosity | Isigaba sekhwalithi | Intengo [PLN] ngamalitha ama-4 |
UCastrol | I-GTX3 Protection 15W-40 | SJ/CF | 109 |
I-Elf | Qala i-15W-40 | SG / CF | 65 (5 amalitha) |
I-Lotus | Amaminerali 15W-40 | SJ/CF | 58 (5 amalitha) |
Igesi 15W-40 | SJ | 60 (5 amalitha) | |
iselula | I-Super M 15W-40 | I-SL / CF | 99 |
Orlen | I-Classic 15W-40 | SJ/CF | 50 |
Igesi Lubro 15W-40 | SG | 45 | |
Amafutha we-semi-synthetic | |||
Yenza | Igama lamafutha kanye ne-viscosity | Isigaba sekhwalithi | Intengo [PLN] ngamalitha ama-4 |
UCastrol | I-GTX Magnatec 10W-40 | I-SL / CF | 129 |
I-Elf | Umncintiswano we-STI 10W-40 | I-SL / CF | 109 |
I-Lotus | I-semi-synthetic 10W-40 | I-SL / CF | 73 |
iselula | I-Super C 10W-40 | I-SL / CF | 119 |
Orlen | Super semi zokwenziwa 10W-40 | SJ/CF | 68 |
Amafutha okwenziwa | |||
Yenza | Igama lamafutha kanye ne-viscosity | Isigaba sekhwalithi | Intengo [PLN] ngamalitha ama-4 |
UCastrol | I-GTX Magnatec 5W-40 | I-SL / CF | 169 |
I-Elf | Ukuvela kwe-SXR 5W-30 | I-SL / CF | 159 |
I-Excerium LDX 5W-40 | I-SL / CF | 169 | |
I-Lotus | I-Synthetics 5W-40 | SL / SJ / CF / CD | 129 |
Umnotho 5W-30 | I-SL / CF | 139 | |
iselula | I-0W-40 | SL / SDJ / CF / CE | 189 |
Orlen | I-Synthetics 5W-40 | SL/SJ/CF | 99 |
