Isiqalisi asijiki

Izizathu zokuthi ayiphenduli i-starter kungase kube nokuwohloka kwe-retractor relay, ukushaja kwebhethri okubuthakathaka, ukuxhumana okungalungile kukagesi kumjikelezo, ukuwohloka komshini wesiqalisi, njalonjalo. Kuyoba wusizo kuwo wonke umnikazi wemoto ukwazi ukuthi ukukhiqiza nini isiqalisi asiyishintshi injini. Ngempela, ezimweni eziningi, ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngezandla zakho.

Ukuwohloka kuvame ukuvela ngesikhathi esingalindelekile, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa usizo lomlungisi wezimoto. Okulandelayo, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe izimbangela zokuqhekeka nezindlela zokuqedwa kwazo.

Izimpawu zesiqalisi esiphukile

Izizathu zokuthi imoto ingaqali Eqinisweni, ziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukwehluleka kokuqala kungabonakala ngokuvela kwesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuqala akuvuli;
• isiqalisi sichofoza, kodwa asiguquli i-crankshaft yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi;
• lapho i-starter ivuliwe, i-crankshaft ijikeleza kancane kakhulu, yingakho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingaqali;
• kuzwakala ukugaya okusansimbi kwegiya le-bendix, okungahambisani ne-crankshaft.

Okulandelayo, siqhubekela phambili ekuxoxeni ngezimbangela ezingenzeka zokuqhekeka okungenzeka. okungukuthi, sizohlaziya izimo lapho isiqalisi singajiki nhlobo, noma singazungezi i-ICE crankshaft.

Izizathu zokuthi kungani isiqalisi singaphenduki

Ngokuvamile isizathu sokuthi imoto ingaqali futhi isiqalisi asiphenduli kukhiye wokuthungela ibhethri efile. Lesi sizathu asihlobene ngokuqondile nokuwohloka kwesiqalisi, noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuhlonza le node, udinga ukuhlola ukushajwa kwebhethri, futhi uyishaje uma kunesidingo. Iningi lesimanje ama-alamu omshini ivimba isekethe yesiqalisi lapho izinga likagesi webhethri lingu-10V noma ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ngeke ukwazi ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngaphansi kwalesi simo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki, qapha izinga lokushajwa kwebhethri futhi, uma kunesidingo, uligcwalise kabusha. qaphela futhi ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte. Nokho, sizothatha ngokuthi yonke into ihlelekile ngeleveli yokushajwa kwebhethri.

Cabangela icala elithile elithile ... Abanikazi bemoto yakwa-Ford Focus 2 yangowezi-2007-2008 bangase bahlangabezane nenkinga lapho i-starter ingajiki ngenxa yephutha lesivimbeli sokuqala. Ukuxilonga lokhu kuphuka kulula kakhulu - kulokhu, kwanele ukuqala amandla ebhethri ngqo kusiqalisi. Nokho, isebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. ngokuvamile, abathengisi abasemthethweni bashintsha immobilizer ngaphansi kwewaranti.

Idizayini yokuqala

Izizathu zokuthi umqalisi akajiki futhi "awubonisi izimpawu zokuphila" kungaba yizimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuwohloka noma ukunyamalala ukuxhumana kumjikelezo wokuqala. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokugqwala noma ukuwohloka kwe-bolting yocingo. Sikhuluma ngokuthintana okuyinhloko "kwenqwaba", ehleliwe emzimbeni wemoto. futhi udinga ukuhlola "ubuningi" be-main kanye ne-solenoid starter relays. Ngokwezibalo, ku-80% yamacala, izinkinga nge-starter engasebenzi zifika ekungasebenzi kahle kumjikelezo kagesi wemoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulungise inkinga, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuyekeze i-wiring, okungukuthi, ukuhlola isifunda sokuphakela amandla esiqalisi, qinisa ukuxhumeka okuboshiwe kumaphedi namatheminali. Usebenzisa i-multimeter, hlola i-voltage ocingweni lokulawula oluya kusiqalisi, ingase yonakaliswe. Ukuze uyihlole, ungavala isiqalisi "ngokuqondile". Indlela yokwenza lokhu ichazwe ngezansi.
• ukuphuka i-solenoid starter relay. Lokhu kungase kube ikhefu kuma-windings ayo, isifunda esifushane kuzo, ukulimala komshini ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, njalonjalo. udinga ukuxilonga i-relay, uthole futhi ulungise ukuhlukana. Uzothola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokwenza lokhu kabusha ezintweni ezihambisanayo.
• Ukujikeleza okufushane ku-wiring yokuqalisa. Lena inkinga eyivelakancane, kodwa ebucayi. Ivela kaningi kuma-starters asetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-insulation kuma-windings abo iyabhujiswa, ngenxa yalokho i-interturn short circuit ingenzeka. kungase futhi kwenzeke ngenxa yokulimala komshini kusiqalisi noma lapho sichayeka kumakhemikhali anolaka. Yiba noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuba khona kwesifunda esifushane, futhi uma kwenzeka, khona-ke isisombululo ngeke sibe ukulungiswa, kodwa ukushintshwa okuphelele kwesiqalisi.

Xhumana neqembu lokuthungela i-VAZ-2110

• Izinkinga nge iqembu lokuxhumana leswishi yokuthungela, okungase kube isizathu esenza ukuthi umqalisi angajiki. Uma othintana nabo kukhiye wokuthungela bonakele, khona-ke akukho okwamanje okudlula kubo kunjini kagesi yangaphakathi evuthayo, ngokulandelana, ngeke ijikeleze. Ungayihlola nge-multimeter. Hlola ukuthi i-voltage iyasetshenziswa yini kumshini wokushisa, futhi uma isuka kuyo lapho ukhiye uphendulwa. kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola ama-fuses weqembu lokuxhumana (ngokuvamile elitholakala ku-cabin, ngaphansi kwe-"torpedo" ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla).
• Ukushelela kwesondo lamahhala le-starter drive. Kulesi simo, ukulungiswa akunakwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni se-starter mechanical drive.
• Idrayivu iqinile ku-shaft enentambo. Ukuyiqeda, udinga ukuqaqa isiqalisi, uhlanze imicu yemfucumfucu bese uyigcoba ngamafutha enjini.

ngokuqhubekayo sizohlaziya izinkinga, izimpawu zazo ukuthi i-starter ishaya kancane kancane i-crankshaft, ngenxa yokuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingaqali.

• Ukungafani i-viscosity yamafutha enjini izinga lokushisa. Isimo esinjalo singavela lapho uwoyela enjinini yomlilo wangaphakathi usujiyile kakhulu esithwathwaneni esinamandla, futhi ungavumeli i-crankshaft ukuthi ijikeleze ngokujwayelekile. Isixazululo senkinga ukufaka esikhundleni samafutha nge-analogue nge-viscosity efanele.
• Ukukhishwa kwebhethri. Uma ingashajiwe ngokwanele, awekho amandla anele okuvula i-crankshaft ngesivinini esivamile ngokusebenzisa isiqalisi. Indlela yokuphuma ukushaja ibhethri noma ukulishintsha uma lingashayi kahle. Ikakhulukazi lesi simo efanele ebusika.
• Ukwephula umthetho shayela ukuthintana kanye/noma izintambo zocingo ezixegayoukuya ekuqaleni. Ukuze uqede lokhu kuphuka, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuyekeze umhlangano webhulashi, ushintshe amabhulashi uma kunesidingo, uhlanze umqoqi, ulungise ukungezwani kwemithombo emabhulashini noma ushintshe iziphethu.

Kweminye imishini yesimanje (isibonelo, i-VAZ 2110), isifunda sikagesi siklanyelwe ukuthi ngokugqoka okuphawulekayo kumabhulashi okuqala, i-voltage ayinikezwa nhlobo ku-solenoid relay. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, ngeke kuchofoze.

Siphinde sibala izimo ezimbalwa ze-atypical ngenxa yokuthi isiqalisi singaguquki kokubili kubanda nokushisayo. Ngakho:

• Lawula inkinga yocingolokho kufanelana nesiqalisi. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo ekufakeni kwayo noma ukuthintana, ngeke kwenzeke ukuqalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi usebenzisa ukhiye. Sincoma ukuthi uyibuyekeze. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga usizo lomunye umuntu. Omunye wenu kufanele asebenzise ukhiye wokuthungela ukuze azame ukuqalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kuyilapho omunye ngalesi sikhathi edonsa ucingo, ezama “ukubamba” indawo lapho ukuxhumana okudingekayo kwenzeka khona. futhi enye inketho ukusebenzisa u-“+” oqondile kusuka kubhethri kuya ocingweni lokulawula olushiwo. Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iqala, udinga ukubheka imbangela ekushintsheni kokushisa, uma kungenjalo, ku-insulation noma ubuqotho bocingo. Uma inkinga iwucingo olonakele, khona-ke indlela engcono kakhulu yokuyishintsha.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ku-stator yokuqalisa baphuma endlini ozibuthe unomphela. Ukuqeda ukuwohloka, udinga ukuqaqa isiqalisi bese uphinde usinamathisele ezindaweni ezibekiwe.
• Ukuhluleka kwe-fuse. Lokhu akuyona into evamile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi i-starter ayisebenzi futhi ayiguquli injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngamafuse eqembu lokuxhumana lesistimu yokuthungela.
• Intwasahlobo yokubuya ewayo ku-relay yokuqala. Ukuqeda ukuwohloka, kwanele ukususa i-relay ekhonjisiwe bese ufaka intwasahlobo endaweni.

Ukuchofoza isiqalisi kodwa akujiki

Ukubuyekezwa kwamabhulashi okuqala ku-VAZ-2110

Imvamisa, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle komqalisi, akusiyo le ndlela ngokwayo enecala, kepha i-retractor yayo idluliselwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe, akusona isiqalisi esichofozayo, kodwa i-relay eshiwo. ukwehlukana kungenxa yesinye sezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhluleka kwentambo yamandla exhuma amawindi esiqalisi kanye ne-traction relay. Ukuze uxazulule inkinga, udinga ukuyibuyisela.
• Ukuguga okuphawulekayo kumabhulashi kanye/noma amabhulashi okuqala. Kulokhu, udinga ukuwashintsha.
• Isekhethi emfushane kumajika e-armature. Ungahlola lokhu nge-multimeter. ngokuvamile, i-winding ayilungiswa, kodwa enye i-starter ithengwa futhi ifakwe.
• Isifunda esifushane noma ikhefu kwelinye lamawindi okuqalisa. Isimo siyefana nesedlule. udinga ukushintsha idivayisi.
• Imfoloko eku-bendx iphukile noma ikhubazekile. Lokhu ukwehluleka kwemishini okunzima ukukulungisa. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kulesi simo kungaba ukufaka esikhundleni se-bendx noma ipulaki ehlukile (uma kungenzeka).

Isiqalisi asijiki lapho kushisa

Ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngqo

Kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi bezimoto baba nezinkinga lapho isiqalisi singaphenduki “sishise”. Okungukuthi, ngenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebandayo, ngemva kokuma isikhathi eside, imoto iqala ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi ngokushisa okuphawulekayo, izinkinga zivela. Kulokhu, inkinga evame kakhulu i-bushings ekhethiwe ngokungalungile, okungukuthi, enobubanzi obuncane kunesidingo. Lapho kushisa, inqubo yemvelo yokwandisa ubukhulu bezingxenye iyenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi i-shaft yokuqalisa i-wedges futhi ayiguquki. Ngakho-ke, khetha ama-bushings nama-bearings ngokuhambisana nebhukwana lemoto yakho.

futhi ekushiseni okukhulu, ukuwohloka koxhumana nabo ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto kungenzeka. Futhi lokhu kusebenza kubo bonke othintana nabo - kumatheminali ebhethri, i-retractor kanye ne-main starter relay, ku-"mass" njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke, sincoma ukuthi uwabuyekeze, uwahlanze futhi uwasuse amafutha.

Ukuvala i-starter ngqo nge-screwdriver

Izindlela zokuqalisa izimo eziphuthumayo ze-ICE

Uma isiqalisi singachofozi futhi singenzi noma yimuphi umsindo nhlobo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingaqalwa uma ivaliwe "ngqo". Lesi akusona isixazululo esingcono kakhulu, kodwa ezimweni lapho udinga ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi ingekho enye indlela yokuphuma, ungayisebenzisa.

Cabangela isimo sendlela ukuqalisa injini amandla omlilo ngqo usebenzisa isibonelo imoto Vaz-2110. Ngakho, ukulandelana kwezenzo kuzoba kanje:

• vula igiya elingathathi hlangothi bese usetha imoto kubhuleki lesandla;
• vula ukuthungela ngokuvula ukhiye kukhiye bese uvula i-hood, njengoba sizokwenza ezinye izenzo endaweni yenjini;
• susa isihlungi somoya esihlalweni saso bese usibeka eceleni ukuze ufinyelele koxhumana nabo bokuqala;
• nqamula i-chip eya eqenjini loxhumana nabo;
• sebenzisa into yensimbi (isibonelo, i-screwdriver enesihloko esiyisicaba esibanzi noma ucezu locingo) ukuvala amatheminali okuqala;
• ngenxa yalokhu, inqobo nje uma ezinye izingxenye ezibalwe ngenhla zisesimweni esihle futhi nebhethri lishajwe, imoto izoqala.

Ngemva kwalokho, faka kabusha i-chip nesihlungi somoya. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo liwukuthi ezimweni eziningi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izoqhubeka nokuqalwa kusetshenziswa ukhiye wokuthungela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuwohloka kusekhona, ngakho-ke udinga ukubheka wena noma ukuya kusevisi yemoto ukuze uthole usizo ukuze uyilungise.

Ukuqala okuphuthumayo kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi

Siphinde sikunikeze indlela eyodwa ezosebenza kahle uma udinga ukuqala okuphuthumayo kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ingena kuphela for front wheel drive izimoto nge transmission manual! I-algorithm yezenzo imi kanje:

• udinga ukujikijela imoto ngokulenga noma yimaphi amasondo angaphambili;
• jikisa isondo elimisiwe yonke indlela yokuphuma (uma isondo kwesokunxele kwesokunxele, ilungelo kwesokudla);
• vula intambo yokudonsa noma intambo eqinile ezungeze isondo izikhathi ezingu-3-4, ushiye amamitha angu-1-2 mahhala;
• Vula ESESITHATHU ukudlulisa;
• vula ukhiye engxenyeni yokuthungela;
• donsa ngokuqinile ekugcineni kwekhebula, uzama ukuphotha isondo (kungcono ukwenze lokhu hhayi endaweni, kodwa ngokusuka kancane);
• lapho imoto isiqalile, okokuqala faka igiya ngokungathathi hlangothi (ungakwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokucindezela i-clutch pedal) bese ulinda kuze kube isondo ayeke ngokuphelele;
• yehlisa isondo eliphakanyisiwe phansi.

Lapho wenza inqubo echaziwe, qaphela kakhulu futhi ubheke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze ungazilimazi futhi ulimaze umshini.

Indlela echazwe ngokuphotha isondo lezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angaphambili ifana nendlela yokuqala isiqalisi esigwegwile (ngosizo lwe-crank) esetshenziswa ezimotweni ezindala ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva (ngokwesibonelo, i-VAZ "yakudala"). Uma esimweni sokugcina isiqalisi siphonswa ngosizo lwesibambo, khona-ke ku-front-wheel drive siphonswa ku-axle shaft lapho isondo eliphakanyisiwe likhona.

isiphetho

I-Starter iyindlela elula kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu emotweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwayo okugxekayo, njengoba ingavumeli injini ukuthi iqale. Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga zihlobene nezintambo zikagesi zemoto, ukuxhumana okungalungile, izintambo eziphukile, nokunye. Ngakho-ke, esimweni lapho isiqalisi singaguquki futhi singaqali injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, into yokuqala esiyincomayo ukuthi ubuyekeze othintana nabo (isisekelo "somhlaba", othintana nabo abadluliswayo, inkinobho yokushisa, njll.).