Inhloso, uhlobo kanye nomklamo wezihlungi zamafutha

Ukungcola okukuphethiloli kuvela kuphi?

Nakulokhu uvakashela igalaji likaphethiloli, funda "izitifiketi zekhwalithi" eziboniswe efasiteleni lokuphuma.

Uphethiloli i-AI-95 "Ekto plus" ibhekwa njengekhwalithi ephezulu uma ingenayo i-resin engaphezu kuka-50 mg / l, futhi ngemva kokuhwamuka kwayo, insalela eyomile (ukungcola?) ayidluli u-2%.

Ngamafutha e-diesel, futhi, akuyona yonke into ebushelelezi. Ivumela amanzi afinyelele ku-200 mg/kg, ukungcola okuphelele 24 mg/kg kanye nentlenga engu-25 g/m³.

Ngaphambi kokungena ethangini lemoto yakho, uphethiloli wawuphonswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, uthele ezitsheni ezihlukene, uyiswe endaweni yokugcina uwoyela, uphonswe futhi futhi uthuthwe. Kungakanani uthuli, umswakama kanye "nokungcola okuvamile" okungene kuwo phakathi nalezi zinqubo, izihlungi zikaphethiloli kuphela ezaziwa.

Umklamo kanye nezinhlobo

Ulayini kaphethiloli wanoma iyiphi injini uqala ngokuthatha uphethiloli ngesihlungi semeshi esimahhadlahhadla (ngemuva kwalokhu i-CSF) esifakwe phansi impela ethangini likaphethiloli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngohlobo lwenjini - i-carburetor, uphethiloli womjovo noma udizili, usendleleni usuka ethangini uya empompini yamafutha, uphethiloli udlula ezigabeni eziningi zokuhlanzwa.

Amandla kaphethiloli namamojula kaphethiloli ane-CSF atholakala phansi ethangini.

Izinjini zikadizili ze-CSF zifakwe ohlakeni noma phansi emzimbeni wemoto. Izihlungi ezinhle (FTO) zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinjini - endaweni yenjini.

Ikhwalithi yokuhlanza

• Ama-mesh fuel inlets abamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu kuno-100 microns (0,1 mm).
• Izihlungi eziqinile - ezinkulu kune-50-60 microns.
• I-PTO yezinjini ze-carburetor - 20-30 microns.
• I-PTO yama-injection motors - 10-15 microns.
• I-PTF yezinjini zikadizili, okuyizona ezidinga kakhulu mayelana nokuhlanzeka kukaphethiloli, ingahluza izinhlayiya ezinkulu kuno-2-3 microns.

Kukhona i-PTF kadizili enobumsulwa bokuhlola obungu-1-1,5 microns.

Amakhethini okuhlunga emishini yokuhlanza emihle akhiwe ikakhulukazi ngezintambo ze-cellulose. Izakhi ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "izakhi zephepha", zishibhile futhi kulula ukwenza.

Isakhiwo esingalingani semicu ye-cellulose yisizathu sokuhlukahluka kokungena kwekhethini "lephepha". Isigaba esiphambanweni semicu sikhulu kunezikhala phakathi kwazo, lokhu kunciphisa "umthamo wokungcola" futhi kwandisa ukumelana kwe-hydraulic kwesihlungi.

Amakhethini okuhlunga ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu akhiqizwa ngezinto ze-polyamide fibrous.

Ikhethini lokuhlunga lifakwe emzimbeni njenge-accordion ("inkanyezi"), ehlinzeka indawo enkulu yokuhlunga enezilinganiso ezincane.

Amanye ama-PTO esimanje anekhethini elinezingqimba eziningi lokufinyeleleka okuguquguqukayo, eliyancipha libheke ekugelezeni okumaphakathi. Kuboniswa ngokumaka "3D" ekesini.

Ama-PTO ane-spiral stacking yamakhethini okuhlunga ajwayelekile. Izihlukanisi zifakwe phakathi kokuphenduka kwe-spiral. I-Spiral PTOs ibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlanza. Ububi bazo obuyinhloko izindleko zabo eziphezulu.

Izici zezinhlelo zokuhlunga zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini

Amasistimu okuhlanza amafutha ezinjini zikaphethiloli

Kuhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla kwemoto ye-carburetor, ngemuva kwegridi ethangini legesi, isihlungi se-sump sifakiwe emgqeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, uphethiloli udlula nge-mesh empompini yamafutha, isihlungi esihle (FTO) kanye ne-mesh ku-carburetor.

Enjinini yomjovo kaphethiloli, ukuthathwa kukaphethiloli, izihlungi ezimahhadla neziphakathi zihlanganiswa nepompo kumojula yamafutha. Ulayini wokuhlinzeka uphela ngaphansi kwe-hood nge-PTO eyinhloko.

Izihlungi ezimahhadla

Izithako zikaphethiloli ze-CSF ziyagoqeka, zenziwe nge-mesh yethusi kuhlaka oluqinile.

Izihlungi zamamojula kaphethiloli angaphansi kwamanzi akhiwe ngezingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu ze-polyamide mesh, ehlinzeka ngokuhlanzwa kukaphethiloli okumahhadla nokumaphakathi. Isici semeshi asikwazi ukugezwa noma ukuhlanzwa futhi, uma singcolile, sithathelwa indawo esisha.

Ama-FGO-settlers ayagoqeka. Isici sokuhlunga esiyi-cylindrical esifakwe endlini yensimbi senziwe nge-mesh yethusi noma isethi yamapuleti anezimbobo, ngezinye izikhathi ama-ceramics anezimbobo. Engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kunepulaki elinentambo yokukhipha inhlabathi.

Izihlungi zezinjini ze-carburetor zifakwe kuhlaka noma phansi komzimba wemoto.

Izihlungi ezinhle

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, izihlungi zalolu hlobo zifakwe ngaphansi kwe-hood. I-FTO carburetor motor - ayihlukaniseki, kukesi lepulasitiki elisobala elingamelana nengcindezi efika kumabha ama-2. Ukuze kuxhunywe kumapayipi, amapayipi amabili egatsha abunjwa emzimbeni. Isiqondiso sokugeleza sikhonjiswa ngomcibisholo.

Izinga lokungcola - kanye nesidingo sokushintshwa - kulula ukunquma ngombala wesici sokuhlunga esibonakalayo.

I-PTO yenjini kaphethiloli womjovo isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi efinyelela kubha engu-10, inensimbi eyi-cylindrical noma umzimba we-aluminium. Ikhava yezindlu ebunjiwe noma eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ehlala isikhathi eside. Amapayipi egatsha ayinsimbi, isiqondiso somfudlana siqokwe phezu kwekhava. Ipayipi legatsha lesithathu, elifakwe kukhava, lixhuma isihlungi nge-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi (ukuchichima), elahla uphethiloli owedlulele "ekubuyeni".

Umkhiqizo awuhlakazwa noma awulungiswa.

Amasistimu okuhlanza izinjini zikadizili

Uphethiloli ophakela injini yedizili, ngemva kwegridi ethangini, udlula ku-CSF-sump, isihlukanisi samanzi esihlukanisayo, i-FTO, igridi yephampu enengcindezi ephansi kanye nephampu yamafutha enomfutho ophezulu.

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, uphethiloli othathayo ufakwa ngaphansi kwethangi, i-CSF, isihlukanisi kanye ne-FTO zingaphansi kwe-hood. Emalolini edizili nogandaganda, womathathu amadivaysi afakwe ohlakeni endaweni eyodwa.

Amapheya e-plunger ephampu ye-low-pressure booster kanye ne-high-pressure fuel futha, kanye nemibhobho yesifutho yezinjini zikadizili, azwela kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukungcoliswa kwamafutha kanye nokuba khona kwamanzi kuwo.

Ukungena kwezinhlayiya eziqinile ezihuqayo ezikhaleni ezinembayo zamapheya e-plunger kubangela ukuguga kwawo, amanzi ageze ifilimu yokuthambisa futhi kungabangela ukungqubuzana kwezindawo ezingqubuzanayo.

Izinhlobo zezihlungi zika-diesel fuel

Imeshi yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli iyithusi noma ipulasitiki; igcina izinhlayiya zokungcola ezinkulu kuno-100 microns. I-mesh ingashintshwa lapho ithangi livuliwe.

Isihlungi esimahhadla sikadizili

Zonke izisetshenziswa zesimanje ziyagoqeka. Hlunga izingxenyana ezingcolisayo zama-microns angu-50 noma ngaphezulu. Isici esingashintshwa (ingilazi) enekhethini "lephepha" noma kusuka ezingqimbeni eziningana ze-plastic mesh.

Isihlukanisi samanzi

Yehlisa ijubane futhi ithulise ukuhamba kukaphethiloli, ihlukanise amanzi aqukethwe kuwo. Iqeda kancane ukungcola ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphezu kuka-30 microns (ukugqwala kulenga emanzini). Umklamo uyagoqeka, ikuvumela ukuthi ususe isihlukanisi samanzi se-labyrinth-disk ukuze uhlanzwe.

Isihlungi esihle

Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhlunga, ligcina izinhlayiya ezinhle ezisukela ku-2 kuya ku-5 microns ngosayizi.

Idivayisi iyagoqeka, inendlu ekhiphekayo. Ingilazi ekhishwayo yamadivayisi anamuhla inekhethini le-polyamide fiber.

Amakesi akhishwayo enziwe ngensimbi. Kwesinye isikhathi ipulasitiki ebonakalayo ehlala isikhathi eside isetshenziswa njengempahla yomzimba. Ngaphansi kwesici esishintshayo (indebe) kukhona igumbi lokuqoqwa kwe-sludge, lapho kufakwa khona ipulaki noma i-valve. Ikhava yendlu iyi-light-alloy, cast.

Ezimotweni "ezinhle", isifunda sokuqapha isimo sesihlungi sinikezwa. Inzwa, ecushwa lapho igumbi ligcwele ngokweqile, ikhanyisa ilambu elibomvu kudeshibhodi.

Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ama-hydrocarbon epharafini ancibilika kuphethiloli wedizili ayajiya futhi, njengejeli, avale amakhethini ezakhi zokuhlunga, avimbele ukugeleza kukaphethiloli futhi amise injini.

Ezimotweni zesimanje zedizili, amadivaysi okuhlunga kanye nesihlukanisi samanzi afakwa endaweni yenjini noma kuyunithi eyodwa kuhlaka, eshiswa nge-antifreeze kusuka ohlelweni lokupholisa.

Ukuze uvimbele "ukuqandisa" kukaphethiloli wedizili, ama-thermoelements kagesi asebenza kunethiwekhi esebhodini angafakwa ethangini likaphethiloli.

Indlela yokufaka nesihlungi sensiza

Kunconywa ukuhlola nokugeza amagridi athatha uphethiloli kanye ne-CSF-sump kunoma yikuphi ukuvulwa kwethangi likaphethiloli. Uphalafini noma i-solvent ingasetshenziselwa ukugeza. Ngemva kokugeza, khipha izingxenye ngomoya ocindezelweyo.

Izihlungi ezilahlwayo zamayunithi e-carburetor zishintshwa njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10.

Zonke ezinye izisetshenziswa zokuhlunga noma izakhi zazo ezishintshwayo zishintshwa “ngamamayela” ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokusebenza kwemoto.

Ukuqina kocingo kuncike kwikhwalithi kaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe.

Icala elibonisa ngale lisiza ukuxilonga. Uma umbala ophuzi wendabuko wekhethini ushintshile waba mnyama, akufanele ulinde isikhathi esinconywayo, udinga ukushintsha into ekhishwayo.

Lapho ushintsha noma yiziphi izihlungi zikaphethiloli, amashubhu akhiphekayo noma amapayipi kufanele avalwe ngamapulaki esikhashana ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungangeni ohlelweni. Lapho umsebenzi usuqedile, pompa umugqa ngedivayisi ephathwayo.

Lapho ushintsha isici sokuhlunga esigoqekayo, indlu esusiwe kufanele igezwe futhi ikhishwe ngaphakathi. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngezindlu zokuhlukanisa. Isihlukanisi samanzi esikhishwe kuso sigezwa ngokuhlukana.

Indlela yokubeka ikhethini lesihlungi, "inkanyezi" noma "i-spiral", inquma ikhwalithi yokuhlanza, hhayi impilo yesevisi yedivayisi.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zezihlungi ezivalekile ziyefana nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwezingxenye zesistimu kaphethiloli:

• Injini ayikhuli amandla aphelele, isabela ngobuvila ekucindezelweni okubukhali kwe-accelerator pedal.
• Idling ayizinzile, "injini" ilwela ukuma.
• Eyunithi yedizili, ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, kuphuma intuthu emnyama epayipini le-exhaust.