Inhloso nezinhlobo zohlelo lwe-braking olusizayo

Olunye lwezinhlelo ezifakiwe ekulawuleni amabhuleki wemoto uhlelo lobhuleki olusizayo. Isebenza ngokuzimela kwezinye izinhlelo zebhuleki futhi isebenza ukugcina ijubane elingaguquki kuma-descents amade. Umsebenzi omkhulu wohlelo lwamabhuleki asizayo ukukhipha isistimu yamabhuleki esevisi ukuze unciphise ukugqokwa nokushisa kwayo ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki isikhathi eside. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa ikakhulu ezimotweni ezithengiswayo.

Inhloso enkulu yohlelo

Ishesha kancane uma ishayela emithambekeni, imoto ingathatha isivinini esanele ngokwanele, okungenzeka singaphephi ngokuqhubeka nokuhamba. Umshayeli uphoqeleka ukuthi alawule ijubane njalo ngokusebenzisa isistimu yama-braking system. Imijikelezo enjalo yamabhuleki aphindaphindiwe iholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwamabhuleki wamathayi namathayi, kanye nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomshini wamabhuleki.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-coefficient of friction of the linings kwi-brake drum noma i-disc iyancipha, okuholela ekunciphiseni ekusebenzeni kahle kwayo yonke indlela yokubopha. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lebhuleki lemoto liyakhuphuka.

Uhlelo lwe-braking olusizayo lusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside ekwehleni ngejubane elincane eliphansi futhi ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu kwamabhuleki. Ayikwazi ukwehlisa isivinini semoto sifike ku-zero. Lokhu kwenziwa ngohlelo lwamabhuleki ezinsizakalo, lapho “kubanda” lilungele ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izinhlobo nedivayisi yohlelo lwe-braking olusizayo

Uhlelo lwe-braking olusizayo lungethulwa ngendlela yezinketho ezilandelayo:

• injini noma ukubopha kwentaba;
• retarder wokubacindezela;
• retarder kagesi.

Engine ukubopha

I-brake yenjini (aka "mountain") iyisidambisi somoya esikhethekile esifakwe ohlelweni lokukhipha injini yenjini yemoto. Kubandakanya nezinqubo ezengeziwe zokunciphisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli nokuguqula i-damper, okudala ukumelana okwengeziwe.

Lapho unyathela amabhuleki, umshayeli uhambisa impintshi endaweni evaliwe nepompo kaphethiloli enamandla ukuya endaweni lapho kutholakala khona uphethiloli olinganiselwe enjinini. Ukopha komoya kusuka kumasilinda ngohlelo lokukhipha akunakwenzeka. Injini iyacisha, kepha i-crankshaft iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza.

Njengoba umoya uphuma uphume emachwebeni e-exhaust, i-piston ibhekana nokumelana, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, i-torque ye-braking idluliselwa ekudlulisweni futhi iqhubekele emasondweni okushayela emotweni.

Retarder umfutholuketshezi

Idivayisi retarder wokubacindezela yilezi:

• umzimba;
• amasondo amabili okugwedla.

Ama-impellers afakwa ezindlini ezihlukile ezibhekene komunye nomunye ebangeni elifushane. Awaxhunyiwe ngokuqinile. Isondo elilodwa, elixhumeke emzimbeni we-brake, limile. Owesibili ufakwe kushaft yokudlulisela (isibonelo, i-cardan shaft) futhi ujikeleze ngayo. Umzimba ugcwele uwoyela ukumelana nokuzungeza kwe-shaft. Umgomo wokusebenza kwale divayisi ufana nokuhlangana koketshezi, lapha kuphela i-torque ayidluliswanga, kepha, kunalokho, iyanyamalala, iphenduke ukushisa.

Uma kufakwa i-hydraulic retarder ngaphambi kokudluliswa, ingahlinzeka ngezigaba eziningana zokuqina kwamabhuleki. Ukwehla kwegiya, kusebenza kahle ukubopha amabhuleki.

I-retarder kagesi

I-retarder kagesi isebenza ngendlela efanayo, equkethe:

• Rotor;
• stator emazombezombe.

Lolu hlobo lwe-retarder emotweni ene-transmission manual lutholakala ezindlini ezihlukile. Rotor retarder ixhunywe kushaft cardan noma kunoma iyiphi enye shaft ukudluliswa, futhi umile stator emazombezombe kukhona fixed endlini.

Njengomphumela wokusebenzisa i-voltage kuma-stator windings, kuvela insimu yamandla kazibuthe, evimbela ukujikeleza kwamahhala kwe-Rotor. I-torque yamabhuleki evelayo, efana ne-hydraulic retarder, inikezwa amasondo okushayela emotweni ngokudlulisa.

Kuma-trailer nakuma-semi-trailer, uma kunesidingo, amabhuleki ama-retarder womabili kagesi nogesi wokubacindezela nawo angafakwa. Kulokhu, elinye lama-ekseli kufanele lenziwe ngama-semiaxes, lapho kuzofakwa khona i-retarder.

Ake sifingqa

Uhlelo lwe-braking olusizayo luyadingeka ukugcina ijubane eliqhubekayo lapho ushayela emithambekeni emide. Lokhu kwehlisa umthwalo emabhulekini, kwandise impilo yabo yesevisi.