Nazario Sauro

Izikebhe ze-Torpedo zohlobo lwe-PN, olunye lochungechunge lwakamuva, zinezinombolo ukusuka ku-64 kuya ku-69. Imikhumbi u-Sauro ayevame ukusebenza kuyo njengomshayeli yayicishe ifane. Izithombe zikaLucy

Umkhumbi ongaphansi kwamanzi iNazario Sauro, osenesikhathi eside usebenza eMarina Militara, ube ngenye yezindawo eziheha izivakashi zasolwandle eGenoa kusukela ngo-2009 - ubekwe echibini eliseduze neMaritime Museum (Galata Museo del mare), ungumbukiso wawo omkhulu kunayo yonke. Njengowesibili emikhunjini yase-Italy, unegama nesibongo somuntu ongaziwa owabanjwa eminyakeni eyi-102 edlule ngenxa yemishini yokulwa engaphumelelanga, futhi ngokushesha wema esikafulani.

Ukudalwa kwe-United Kingdom yase-Italy, eyamenyezelwa ngo-March 1861, kwakuyisinyathelo esibheke ekuhlanganisweni okuphelele - ngo-1866, ngenxa yenye impi ne-Austria, iVenice yajoyina, futhi eminyakeni engu-4 kamuva, ukunqotshwa kweRoma kwaqeda ubuPapa. Amazwe. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yamazwe angomakhelwane kwakukhona izindawo ezincane noma ezinkulu izakhamuzi zazo ezazikhuluma isiNtaliyane, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amazwe angakhululekile" (terreirdente). Abasekeli abafinyelela kude kakhulu bokujoyina izwe lakubo bacabanga ngeCorsica neMalta, amaqiniso alinganiselwe kulokho okungathathwa kwabakwaHabsburg. Ngokuphathelene nokusondelana kwemibono namaRiphabhulikhi, ukuguqulwa kwemifelandawonye (ngo-1882, i-Italy, mayelana nokuthathwa kweTunisia yiFrance, kwaphetha isivumelwano esiyimfihlo ne-Austria-Hungary neJalimane) kanye nezifiso zamakholoni aseRoma, abangahloniphi. waqala ukuhlupha. Naphezu kokuntuleka kokusekelwa noma ngisho nezinkontileka zamaphoyisa ezivela kubantu "babo", babengenazo izinkinga ezinkulu zokuthola ukwesekwa ngaphesheya komngcele, ikakhulukazi e-Adriatic. Abazange banyakaze iminyaka, iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kuphela eyakhulisa i-Italy ngezindleko zeTrieste, Gorizia, Zara (Zadar), Fiume (Rijeka) kanye nenhlonhlo yase-Istrian. Endabeni yesifunda sakamuva samaNazario, uSauro waba umuntu ongokomfanekiso.

Qala kohambo

I-Istria, inhlonhlo enkulu kunazo zonke yoLwandle i-Adriatic, yahlala iyinde kakhulu emlandweni wayo wezombangazwe ngaphansi kokubusa kweRiphabhulikhi yaseVenetian - eyokuqala, ngo-1267, kwakuyichweba elifakwe ngokusemthethweni laseParenzo (manje eyiPorec, eCroatia), lilandelwa amanye amadolobha ugu. Izindawo zangaphakathi ezizungeze i-Pazin yesimanje (isiJalimane: iMitterburg, isiNtaliyane: iPisino) kwakungezamakhosi angama-feudal aseJalimane bese kuba ngezobukhosi baseHabsburg. Ngaphansi kweSivumelwano SaseCampio Formio (1797), kwase kuthi ngenxa yokuwa koMbuso WaseNapoleon, yonke inhlonhlo yangena kuyo. Isinqumo ngo-1859 sokuthi i-Pola, eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Istria, izoba yisisekelo esiyinhloko semikhumbi yase-Austria, yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwechweba (laba isikhungo esikhulu sokwakha imikhumbi) kanye nokwethulwa kokuthutha izitimela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle emayini yendawo kwanda kakhulu (imigodi yokuqala yambiwa emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ngaphambili), futhi ukuxhashazwa kwediphozithi ye-bauxite kwaqala. Ngakho-ke iziphathimandla zaseVienna zanquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iNtaliyane ithathe inhlonhlo, ibona ababambisene nabo kubalandeli bezwe baseCroatia naseSlovenia, abamele abantu abampofu abavela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ikakhulukazi empumalanga yesifunda.

Iqhawe lesizwe elizayo lazalwa ngo-September 20, 1880 eKapodistria (manje eyiKoper, eSlovenia), ichweba eGulf of Trieste, phansi kwenhlonhlo. Abazali bakhe babevela emindenini eyayihlale lapha amakhulu eminyaka. Uyise, u-Giacomo, wayeyitilosi, ngakho umkakhe u-Anna wayenakekela inzalo, futhi kwakuvela kuye indodana ewukuphela kwayo (nabo ababenendodakazi) yezwa ngawo wonke amathuba ukuthi izwe langempela liqala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Trieste eseduze. , njenge-Istria kufanele ibe yingxenye ye-Italy.

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphansi, uNazario wangena esikoleni samabanga aphezulu, kodwa wancamela ukuhamba ngezikebhe noma imijaho yezikebhe ukuze afunde. Ngemva kokujoyina i-Circolo Canottieri Libertas, ikilabhu yasendaweni yokugwedla i-irredentist, imibono yakhe yaba nkulu futhi izilinganiso zakhe zonakala. Kulesi simo, uGiacomo wanquma ukuthi indodana yakhe izoqeda izifundo zayo ebangeni lesibili futhi iqale ukusebenza nayo. Ngo-1901, uNazario waba ukaputeni futhi washada, kungakapheli nonyaka waba nengane yakhe yokuqala, ogama lakhe linguNino, ngokuhlonipha omunye.

nabangane bakaGaribaldi.

Ngasekupheleni kuka-1905, ngemva kokuhamba ngomkhumbi iMedithera esuka eFrance eya eTurkey, uSauro waphothula izifundo zakhe eNaval Academy of Trieste, waphumelela ukuhlolwa kukakapteni. “Wayengowokuqala ngemva kukaNkulunkulu” emikhunjini encane eyayisuka eCassiopeia iya eSebeniko (Sibenik). Sonke lesi sikhathi wayehlala ethintana nabase-Istria, futhi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ukuya eRavenna, e-Ancona, eBari naseChioggia kwakuyithuba lokuhlangana namaNtaliyane. Waba iRiphabhulikhi futhi, edangele ukwenqaba kwe-socialists ukulwa, waqala ukwabelana nombono kaGiuseppe Mazzini wokuthi ingxabano enkulu engenakugwemeka yayizoholela eYurophu yezizwe ezikhululekile nezizimele. NgoJulayi 1907, kanye namanye amalungu eqembu lokugwedla, wahlela ukubonakaliswa kweminyaka eyi-100 yokuzalwa kukaGaribaldi, okwenzeka eKapodistria futhi, ngenxa yeziqubulo ezaphakanyiswa, kwakusho ukujeziswa kwabahlanganyeli bayo. Iminyaka eminingana, kusukela ngo-1908, neqembu lezihlobo zakhe, wayeshushumbisa izikhali nezinhlamvu zabalweli benkululeko e-Albania ngemikhumbi ehlukahlukene. Ingane yakhe yokugcina, owazalwa ngo-1914, yathola leli gama. Amagama abanye, u-Anita (ngemva komkaGiuseppe Garibaldi), uLibero no-Italo, nawo avela ezinkolelweni zakhe:

Ngo-1910, uSauro waba ukaputeni wesikebhe sabagibeli saseSan Giusto phakathi kweCapodistria neTrieste. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, umbusi wendawo wayala ukuthi izikhungo zikahulumeni namabhizinisi ase-Istria bangaqasha kuphela abaqashi bakaFranz Josef I. okwakudingeka bakhokhe izinhlawulo futhi ababekhathele ngo-June 1914, futhi bamxosha emsebenzini wakhe. Kuyafaneleka ukunezela lapha ukuthi kusukela esemncane, uNazario wayehlukaniswa nomoya wobudlova, uphendukela ekubeni umfutho, umngcele we-adventurism. Kuhlanganiswe nokungaqondile kwakhe kanye nolimi olungalungile, kwakuyingxube ephoxayo, kuphela ecasulwa umuzwa wokuhlekisa wokuzibukela phansi, okwathinta nobudlelwano bakhe nokaputeni nabaphathi bezintambo zezikebhe eziyizimbangi.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, uSauro wasuka eKapodistria. E-Venice, lapho athuthela khona nendodana yakhe endala, wakhankasela ukuba i-Italy ithathe uhlangothi lwe-Entente. Esebenzisa amaphasipoti mbumbulu, yena noNino baphinde bathatha izinto zenkulumo-ze baya eTrieste futhi bahlola lapho. Imisebenzi yezobunhloli yayingeyona into entsha kuye - eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuthuthela eVenice, wahlangana nosekela-consul wase-Italy, owadlulisela kuye ulwazi mayelana nokunyakaza kwezingxenye zombuso wasebukhosini wemikhumbi kanye nezinqaba ezisekelweni zawo.

ULieutenant Sauro

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uNazario noNino bethuthele eVenice, ekwindla ka-1914, iziphathimandla eRoma, zimemezela intando yazo yokungathathi hlangothi, zaqala izingxoxo namaqembu alwayo ukuze “zithengise” ngokubiza ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Entente, isebenzisa ukukhwabanisa kwezomnotho, yanikeza okwengeziwe, kwathi ngo-Ephreli 26, 1915, kwasayinwa isivumelwano esiyimfihlo eLondon, ngokusho ukuthi i-Italy yayizodlulela ohlangothini lwayo kungakapheli inyanga - intengo yayiyisithembiso sokuthi umlingani omusha wayezokwenza. avele ngemva kwempi. thola, phakathi kwabanye, uTrieste no-Istria.

NgoMeyi 23, amaNtaliyane agcina isivumelwano sawo ngokumemezela impi e-Austria-Hungary. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili, u-Sauro wavolontiya ukuyokhonza eButhweni Lezempi Lasemanzini (i-Regia Marina) futhi wamukelwa ngokushesha, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba nguLieutenant wabelwa ebuthweni laseVenice. Wayesevele ebambe iqhaza emisebenzini yokuqala yokulwa njengomshayeli wombhubhisi iBersagliere, okwathi, kanye newele lakhe u-Corazsiere, bavala uZeffiro lapho laba bamuva, ngemva kwamahora amabili phakathi kwamabili zingama-23/24 kuNhlaba, bengena emanzini echwebeni laseGrado. engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeGulf of Trieste futhi lapho wethula i-torpedo ngasemgwaqweni osePorto Buzo, wabe esedubula emabhalekisini asendaweni ebutho lombuso.