Aluhlaza kangakanani lawa ma-automaker? IVolkswagen, Ford, BMW, Rivian kanye nezinye zinemininingwane yemizamo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizeni.
I-Rivian izotshala ukudla kwabasebenzi bayo embonini yayo e-Normal, e-Illinois.
Zonke izinhlobo zezimoto eziphawulekayo ziphakathi koshintsho oluluhlaza, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushintsha kwezidingo zemakethe kanye nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo.
Nakuba ukuthambekela okuphawulekayo ukushintsha kobuchwepheshe be-powertrain kusukela ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kuya kumabhethri kagesi noma obunye ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza njengama-hybrids, ama-plug-in hybrids namaseli e-hydrogen fuel.
Kodwa kubakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto, kuningi okwenzekayo ngemuva kokugxila ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokusimama.
Kusukela ezimbonini ezinekhabhoni ephansi kuya kokuhlosiwe kwe-carbon-neutral yangempela, sizobheka izinyathelo ezimbalwa nje ezithathwa yimikhiqizo ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezimoto ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Izimboni eziluhlaza seziyasebenza
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kudinga amandla amakhulu, yingakho izinhlobo zezimoto zigxile ekuguquleni indlela okwenziwa ngayo izimoto.
I-BMW izibeke njengomunye wemikhiqizo yezimoto evumelana kakhulu nemvelo emhlabeni, yasizwa ngokwakha ifekthri eklanywe izakhiwo futhi ehambisana nemvelo e-Leipzig, eJalimane eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-BMW i3 kanye ne-i8 (kusukela kuyekwa) e-Leipzig inikwa amandla izinjini zomoya ezakhelwe injongo esizeni, futhi ineqoqo layo lezinyosi. Imboni eseSan Luis Potosi, eMexico inikwe amandla ngokwengxenye ngamaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwesitshalo.
Emhlabeni jikelele, i-BMW ihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ezindaweni zayo zokukhiqiza ngama-80% ngo-2030 futhi isize abalingani bayo behlise kakhulu intuthu ephuma emkhiqizweni wensimbi. I-BMW iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye eziningi ziyasebenziseka kabusha, okuhlanganisa nezinto ezikumabhethri.
Isitshalo seLeipzig BMW sineqoqo laso lezinyosi.
Ebhizinisini elihlanganyelwe lakwaBMW iBrilliance Automotive eShayina, abasebenzi batshala izihlahla zamakinati ezindaweni ezingasetshenzisiwe ezizungeze imboni bese besebenzisa imali yezitshalo ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yomphakathi.
Umdondoshiya waseJalimane u-Daimler, inkampani engumzali yakwaMercedes-Benz, uzibophezele ekwenzeni zonke izimboni zakhona zaseJalimane zingathathi hlangothi ngonyaka wesi-2, futhi zonke izitshalo ezisanda kwakhiwa zizophinde zingathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuthengwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokufakwa kwama-solar panel ophahleni lwamafekthri athile.
IQembu lakwaVolkswagen liguqula imboni yalo eseWolfsburg, enesikhungo sayo sokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle, sibe izinjini zegesi yemvelo kanye nezinjini zesitimu.
Sekuphele iminyaka abakwa-VW bekhiqiza izingxenye ezisetshenziswayo ezifana nama-transmissions kanti sebebheke emafemini abo ukuze bathole izindlela zokunciphisa imfucuza. Iphinde isebenzisa imikhumbi enamandla e-LNG ukuthumela izimoto zayo emhlabeni wonke.
Imboni yakwaVolkswagen eWolfsburg izoyeka ukusebenzisa amalahle.
Inkampani yezimoto yaseMelika, iGeneral Motors, isanda kumemezela ukuthi izoshintsha izimboni zayo emhlabeni wonke zibe namandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ngonyaka we-2035.
Lesi sikhungo esithuthukisiwe e-Hamtramck, e-Michigan, manje esibizwa ngokuthi i-Factory Zero, sizosebenzisa amanzi esiphepho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokunciphisa izindleko zokuhlanza idolobha. Uphinde asebenzise i-CarbonCure, ukhonkolo odonsa amaphawundi angu-25 we-CO2 kuwo wonke ama-cubic yadi abekiwe.
Omunye umkhiqizi waseMelika, iTesla, ithathwa njengenkampani yezimoto engayingeni kakhulu imvelo emhlabeni ngoba ikhiqiza izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kuphela. Eminye yemisebenzi yabo yokukhiqiza nayo isimeme impela, okuhlanganisa neNevada Gigafactory, ezombozwa ngamaphaneli elanga uma isiqediwe.
Izinhlelo eziluhlaza zekusasa
Imoto kagesi iVolvo Polestar isanda kubeka izinhlelo ezinesibindi zekusasa elingenakhabhoni ngephrojekthi yayo ye-Polestar 0.
Esikhundleni sokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yayo ngokutshala izihlahla noma ezinye izikimu ezisekelwe ekumunceni kwezitshalo ze-CO2, i-Polestar izoqeda konke ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka nokukhiqiza izimoto ngezinye izindlela.
Uhlobo lwaseSweden luthi luzobandakanya "umklamo omusha noyindilinga ohlanganisa amabhethri ayindilinga, izinto ezigaywe kabusha namandla avuselelekayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka."
I-Polestar izibophezele kwikusasa elingathathi hlangothi ngokungasebenzisi izinqubo ezifana nokutshala izihlahla.
Njengengxenye ye-Environmental Challenge 2050, eholwa yisikhondlakhondla saseJapan iToyota, inkampani izoqeda konke ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ezikhungweni zayo ezikhiqizayo futhi ikhuthaze ubuchwepheshe bayo bokugcina izimoto ezigaywe kabusha nokugaywa kabusha emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngo-2035, abakwaFord bazosebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ukunika amandla zonke izimboni zabo emhlabeni jikelele. I-Blue Oval iphinde ihlele ukusebenzisa kuphela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhiqizwe ngokuzibophezela, isebenzise kuphela izinto ezigaywe kabusha noma ezivuselelekayo kumapulasitiki ezimoto, futhi izuze imfucumfucu engenalutho kuyo yonke imisebenzi yayo.
Imboni yakwaNissan iTochigi eseJapan izosebenzisa uhlelo lweNissan Intelligent Factory, oluhlanganisa imishini yefekthri esebenza ngogesi wonke nokunye ngo-2050.
Ukuqalwa kwezimoto zikagesi i-Rivian inezinhlelo ezithile ezithokozisayo zokusimama, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokutshala ukudla endaweni yayo e-Normal, e-Illinois, ezosetshenziselwa ukondla abasebenzi bayo.
Uphinde wajoyina isinyathelo sokuphinda asebenzise amabhethri emoto amadala ukuze agcine ugesi welanga ePuerto Rico. Olunye uhlelo wuhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki oluzoqoqa u-500,000 kg wepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye ngo-2024 bese iguqulwa ibe iziqukathi zokuthutha izingxenye endaweni yayo yokukhiqiza.
