Ithangi lokucindezela - ujantshi, isilawuli sokucindezela, i-crankshaft ne-camshaft ingcindezi kanye nenzwa yokushisa

Ithangi likaphethiloli elinomfutho ophezulu (isitimela - umsabalalisi womjovo - ujantshi)

Isebenza njengesihlanganisi sophethiloli onamandla aphezulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye inciphisa ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi (ukuguquguquka) okwenzeka lapho ipompo yengcindezi enkulu idonsa uphethiloli futhi ihlale ivula futhi ivale ama-injectors. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ibe nevolumu eyanele yokunciphisa lokhu kushintshashintsha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, le volumu akumele ibe nkulu kakhulu ukudala ngokushesha ingcindezi eqhubekayo ngemuva kokuqala kokuqala okungenankinga nokusebenza kwenjini. Izibalo zokulinganisa zisetshenziselwa ukwengeza ivolumu evelayo. Umthamo kaphethiloli ojojelwe kumasilinda uhlala ugcwaliswa kujantshi ngenxa yokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli ovela empomfeni ophakeme. Ukucindezelwa okukhulu kukaphethiloli kusetshenziselwa ukufeza umphumela wokugcina. Uma uphethiloli omningi ukhishwa ujantshi, ingcindezi ihlala ingaguquguquki.

Omunye umsebenzi wethangi lokucindezela - ama-rails - ukuhlinzeka ngophethiloli kuma-injection amasilinda ngamanye. Ukwakhiwa kwethangi kuwumphumela wokuvumelana phakathi kwezidingo ezimbili ezingqubuzanayo: linomumo obude (i-spherical noma i-tubular) ngokuhambisana nomklamo wenjini nendawo yayo. Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza, singahlukanisa amathangi abe ngamaqembu amabili: akhiwe futhi ashiselwe nge-laser. Idizayini yabo kufanele ivumele ukufakwa kwenzwa yomfutho wesitimela kanye ne-acc ekhawulayo. i-valve yokulawula ukucindezela. I-valve yokulawula ilawula ukucindezela kwenani elidingekayo, futhi i-valve evimbelayo ikhawulela ukucindezela kuphela kunani eliphakeme elivumelekile. Uphethiloli ocindezelwe unikezwa ngomugqa wengcindezi ephezulu nge-inlet. Ibe isisatshalaliswa isuka esizibeni iye emibhobolweni, imbobo ngayinye ibe nomhlahlandlela wayo.

I-1 - ithangi lokucindezela okuphezulu (isitimela), 2 - ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvela empompini yokucindezela okukhulu, 3 - inzwa yokucindezela uphethiloli, 4 - i-valve yokuphepha, 5 - ukubuya kukaphethiloli, 6 - umkhawulo wokugeleza, 7 - ipayipi kuya kuma-injection.

Ingcindezi impumuzo valve

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-valve yokusiza ingcindezi ibekela ingcindezi enanini eliphakeme elivumelekile. I-valve yokuvimbela isebenza kuphela ngokusebenza ngomshini. Inokuvuleka ohlangothini loxhumano lwesitimela, oluvalwa ngomphetho we-piston osesihlalweni. Ekucindezelweni kokusebenza, i-piston icindezelwa esihlalweni ngasemthonjeni. Lapho ingcindezi enkulu kaphethiloli idlulwa, amandla entwasahlobo adlulwa futhi ipiston iphushelwa ngaphandle kwesihlalo. Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli owedlulele ugeleza ngezimbobo zokugeleza ubuyele kokuphindaphindekile kuya ethangini likaphethiloli. Lokhu kuvikela ifoni ekubhujisweni ngenxa yokwenyuka kwengcindezi enkulu uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi kahle. Ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze-valve yokuvimbela, umsebenzi ophuthumayo uhlanganisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi encane igcinwa noma ngabe kunembobo evulekile, futhi imoto ingahamba nemikhawulo.

I-1 - isiteshi sokuhlinzeka, i-2 - i-valve ye-cone, i-3 - izimbobo zokugeleza, i-4 - i-piston, i-5 - i-spring compression, i-6 - i-stop, i-7 - i-valve body, i-8 - i-fuel return.

Umkhawulo wokugeleza

Le ngxenye ifakwe ethangini lokucindezela futhi uphethiloli ugeleza kuwo uye kuma-injection. I-nozzle ngayinye inomkhawulo wayo wokugeleza. Inhloso yesinqamuleli sokugeleza ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukaphethiloli uma kwenzeka kuba nokungasebenzi komjovo. Kunjalo uma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwelinye lama-injection kudlula inani eliphakeme elivumelekile elibekwe umenzi. Ngokwesakhiwo, isinqamuli sokugeleza siqukethe umzimba wensimbi onemicu emibili, owodwa owokugxumeka ethangini, kanti omunye owokugoqa ipayipi lomfutho ophezulu emibhobho. Ipiston etholakala ngaphakathi icindezelwa ithangi likaphethiloli ngesiphethu. Uzama konke okusemandleni akhe ukugcina isiteshi sivuliwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komjovo, ukucindezela kuyehla, okuhambisa i-piston ku-outlet, kodwa ayivali ngokuphelele. Lapho i-nozzle isebenza kahle, ukwehla kwengcindezi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi intwasahlobo ibuyisela i-piston endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, lapho ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kudlula inani elibekiwe, ukwehla kwengcindezi kuyaqhubeka kuze kudlule amandla entwasahlobo. Khona-ke i-piston ihlezi ngokumelene nesihlalo ohlangothini lwe-outlet futhi ihlala kule ndawo kuze kube yilapho injini ima. Lokhu kuvala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kumjovo ongaphumelelanga futhi kuvimbele ukuvuza kukaphethiloli okungalawuleki egumbini elivuthayo. Kodwa-ke, isinqamuli sokugeleza kukaphethiloli siphinde sisebenze uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi kahle uma kunokuvuza kancane kukaphethiloli. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-piston ibuya, kodwa hhayi endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile - inombolo yemijovo ifinyelela isihlalo futhi imise ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ku-nozzle eyonakele kuze kube yilapho injini icisha.

I-1 - uxhumano lwe-rack, i-2 - i-locking ifaka, i-3 - i-piston, i-4 - i-spring compression, i-5 - yezindlu, i-6 - uxhumano nama-injection.

Inzwa yengcindezi ye-Fuel

Inzwa yokucindezela isetshenziswa iyunithi yokulawula injini ukucacisa ngokunembile ingcindezi esheshayo ethangini likaphethiloli. Ngokusekelwe enanini lokucindezela okulinganiselwe, inzwa ikhiqiza isignali ye-voltage, ebuye ihlolwe yiyunithi yokulawula. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenzwa i-diaphragm, etholakala ekupheleni kwesiteshi sokuhlinzeka futhi icindezelwa ngokumelene nophethiloli onikeziwe. Isici se-semiconductor sibekwe kulwelwesi njengento ezwayo. Isici sezinzwa siqukethe izinto eziphikisayo ezinwebekayo ezishunqiselwe ku-diaphragm ekuxhumekeni kwebhuloho. Ububanzi bokulinganisa bunqunywa ubukhulu be-diaphragm (lapho i-diaphragm ishubile, ingcindezi ephezulu). Ukusebenzisa ukucindezela kulwelwesi kuzobangela ukuthi igobe (cishe ama-micrometer angu-20-50 ku-150 MPa) futhi ngaleyo ndlela iguqule ukumelana kwama-resistors okunwebeka. Lapho ukumelana kushintsha, i-voltage kumjikelezo ishintsha isuka ku-0 iye ku-70 mV. Le voltage ibe ikhuliswa kusekethe yokuhlola ibe ibanga lika-0,5 kuya ku-4,8 V. I-voltage yokunikezela yenzwa ingu-5 V. Ngamafuphi, lesi sici siguqula ukuguqulwa kube isignali kagesi, eguquliwe - ikhuliswe futhi isuka lapho iya. kuyunithi yokulawula ukuze kuhlolwe, lapho umfutho kaphethiloli ubalwa kusetshenziswa ijika eligciniwe. Uma kwenzeka ukuchezuka, kulawulwa i-valve elawula ukucindezela. Ingcindezi icishe ibe njalo futhi izimele ngomthwalo nesivinini.

I-1 - uxhumano lukagesi, i-2 - isifunda sokuhlola, i-3 - i-diaphragm enesici sokuzwa, i-4 - i-high pressure fitting, i-5 - intambo yokufaka.

I-Fuel pressure regulator - i-valve yokulawula

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kuyadingeka ukugcina ingcindezi eqhubekayo ethangini likaphethiloli elicindezelweyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani umthwalo, isivinini senjini, njll. Umsebenzi womlawuli wukuthi uma kudingeka umfutho ophansi kaphethiloli, i-valve yebhola kusilawuli ivula futhi uphethiloli oweqile uqondiswa umugqa wokubuyisela ethangini likaphethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umfutho wethangi likaphethiloli wehla, i-valve iyavaleka futhi iphampu yakha umfutho wamafutha odingekayo. I-fuel pressure regulator itholakala empompini yomjovo noma ethangini likaphethiloli. I-valve yokulawula isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili, i-valve ivuliwe noma ivaliwe. Kumodi engasebenzi, i-solenoid ayinawo amandla futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-solenoid ayinawo umphumela. Ibhola le-valve licindezelwa esihlalweni kuphela ngamandla entwasahlobo, ukuqina kwawo okuhambisana nokucindezela okungaba ngu-10 MPa, okuyingcindezi yokuvula uphethiloli. Uma i-voltage kagesi isetshenziswa kukhoyili ye-electromagnetic - yamanje, iqala ukusebenza ku-armature kanye nentwasahlobo bese ivala i-valve ngenxa yokucindezela ibhola. I-valve ivala kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla okucindezela uphethiloli ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-solenoid ne-spring ngakolunye. Bese ivula futhi igcine ingcindezi eqhubekayo ezingeni elifiswayo. Iyunithi yokulawula isabela ekushintsheni kwengcindezi okubangelwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani elishintshayo likaphethiloli elinikeziwe kanye nokuhoxiswa kwamabhomu, ngokuvula i-valve yokulawula ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuze ushintshe ukucindezela, kugeleza okuncane noma okuningi kwamanje nge-solenoid (isenzo sayo sikhuphuka noma sinciphe), futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibhola liphushelwe kancane esihlalweni se-valve. Isizukulwane sokuqala sikajantshi ojwayelekile sasebenzisa ivalvu elawula ukucindezela i-DRV1, isizukulwane sesibili nesesithathu i-DRV2 noma i-DRV3 valve ifakwa kanye nedivayisi yokulinganisa. Ngenxa yomthetho wezigaba ezimbili, kukhona ukushisisa okuncane kukaphethiloli, okungadingi ukupholisa okwengeziwe ku-cooler eyengeziwe kaphethiloli.

I-1 - i-valve yebhola, i-2 - i-solenoid armature, i-3 - i-solenoid, i-4 - intwasahlobo.

Izinzwa zokushisa

Izinzwa zokushisa zisetshenziselwa ukukala ukushisa kwenjini ngokususelwa ekupholiseni okupholisayo, izinga lokushisa lokushaja okuphindwe kaningi, izinga lokushisa lamafutha enjini kusifunda sokuthambisa, kanye nokushisa kukaphethiloli kulayini kaphethiloli. Isilinganiso sokulinganisa salezi zinzwa ukushintsha kokumelana nogesi okubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Amandla abo okuhambisa we-5 V aguqulwa ngokushintsha ukumelana, bese kuguqulwa kuguquli ledijithali kusuka kusiginali ye-analog kuya kusiginali yedijithali. Ngemuva kwalokho lesi siginali sithunyelwa kuphiko lokulawula, elibala izinga lokushisa elifanele ngokuya ngesici esinikeziwe.

Isikhundla se-Crankshaft nenzwa yejubane

Le nzwa ithola indawo eqondile kanye nejubane le-injini eliphumela ngomzuzu. Kuyinto inzwa yeHholo e-inductive etholakala ku-crankshaft. Inzwa ithumela isignali kagesi kuphiko lokulawula, elihlola leli nani lamandla kagesi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqala (noma ukuqeda) umjovo kaphethiloli, njll. Uma inzwa ingasebenzi, injini ngeke iqale.

Isikhundla seCamshaft nenzwa yejubane

Inzwa yejubane ye-camshaft isebenza ngokufana nenzwa yesivinini se-crankshaft futhi isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ipiston ephakathi nendawo efile. Leli qiniso liyadingeka ukuze kutholwe isikhathi esiqondile sokuthungela izinjini zikaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ukushelela kwebhande lesikhathi noma ukweqa kweketango nalapho uqalisa injini, lapho iyunithi yokulawula injini inquma ukusebenzisa le nzwa ukuthi yonke indlela i-crank-coupling-piston ijika ngayo ngempela ekuqaleni. Endabeni yezinjini ezine-VVT, isistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukusebenza kwe-variator. Injini ingaba khona ngaphandle kwale nzwa, kodwa inzwa yesivinini se-crankshaft iyadingeka, bese ijubane le-camshaft ne-crankshaft lihlukaniswa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2. Endabeni yenjini ye-diesel, le nzwa idlala indima yokuqala kuphela ekuqaleni. -up, ukutshela i-ECU (iyunithi yokulawula), okuyinto i-piston yokuqala esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile (okuyinto ipiston ekucindezelweni noma i-exhaust stroke lapho ithuthela esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile). isikhungo). Lokhu kungase kungabonakali ngenzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft ekuqaleni, kodwa ngenkathi injini isebenza, ulwazi olutholwe kule nzwa seluvele lwanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini ye-diesel isasazi isikhundla se-pistons kanye nokushaywa kwayo, ngisho noma inzwa ku-camshaft ihluleka. Uma le nzwa yehluleka, imoto ngeke iqale noma izothatha isikhathi eside ukuqalisa. Njengasendabeni yokwehluleka kwenzwa ku-crankshaft, lapha isibani sesexwayiso sokulawula injini ephaneli yezinsimbi siyakhanyisa. Ngokuvamile okuthiwa i-Hall sensor.