Uhhafu wangempela noma uhhafu we-virtual?

Labo abaqala ukungena emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe be-virtual kanye nedijithali bazobona ngokushesha ukuthi imingcele phakathi kwemiqondo esetshenziswe lapha isuke isifiphele. Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho umqondo weqiniso elixubile usuthandwa - ngokuvamile ubonisa kahle incazelo yalokho okwenzekayo kulolu daba.

Iqiniso elibonakalayo igama elinamandla. Ingachazwa njengeqembu lobuchwepheshe elivumela abantu ukuthi bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo nezizindalwazi zekhompyutha ze-XNUMXD ngesikhathi sangempela besebenzisa izinzwa zemvelo namakhono (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuthinta, ukuhogela). Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengefomu elinwetshiwe isikhombimsebenzisi somshini womuntuokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi azicwilise endaweni ekhiqizwe ngekhompiyutha futhi ahlanganyele nayo ngendlela engokwemvelo - imishini ekhethekile ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe umuzwa wokuba kuyo.

Okungokoqobo okubonakalayo kuhlukile 3× i (ukucwiliswa, ukusebenzisana, umcabango) - ulwazi lokucwilisa abasebenzisi endaweni yedijithali yokwenziwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungase kube okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, kodwa kungase kwabelwane nabanye.

Amasistimu okuqala asekelwe embonweni we-VR ayeyimishini futhi asukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-60, alandelwa amasistimu kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi asebenzisa ividiyo, futhi ekugcineni amasistimu wekhompyutha. Kwesi-XNUMX kwakunomsindo Inzwa, enikeza umbala we-3D, ukudlidliza, iphunga, umsindo we-stereo, ukuvunguza komoya kanye nemizwa efanayo. Kule nguqulo yokuqala ye-VR, ungase, isibonelo, "ku-Brooklyn yonkana." Nokho, ngokokuqala ngqa igama elithi “virtual reality” lasetshenziswa UCharon Lanier ngo-1986 futhi kwakusho umhlaba wokwenziwa owenziwe ngosizo lwesofthiwe ekhethekile nezinye izesekeli ezengeziwe.

Ukusuka ekucwilisweni kuya ekuhlanganyeleni

Uhlelo olulula lwe-VR yilokho okubizwa iwindi emhlabeni () - imonitha yakudala (noma i-stereoography) kanye nomsindo wangempela nezikhohlisi ezikhethekile. Isakhiwo “ngawami amehlo" () ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi alawule umlingisi obonakalayo futhi abone umhlaba ngamehlo awo. Amasistimu ukucwiliswa ngokwengxenye () aqukethe umakalabha kanye negilavu ​​yokukhohlisa izinto ezibonakalayo. Amasistimu ukucwiliswa ngokugcwele () futhi zisebenzise imvunulo ekhethekile ezivumela ukuthi ziguqule amasiginali asuka emhlabeni obonakalayo abe izisusa ezicatshangwayo.

Ekugcineni, sifika kumqondo izinhlelo zemvelo (). Ukuzuza umphumela wokucwiliswa kuzo kuba kuncika enanini nakwikhwalithi yezisusa ezivela emhlabeni obonakalayo nowangempela, esiwubona ngezinzwa zethu. Isibonelo i-CAVE (), okungukuthi, amagumbi aphelele afakwe izikrini ezikhethekile ezindongeni, ukwakheka kwawo okwenza kube lula "ukungena" emhlabeni obonakalayo futhi uwuzwe ngazo zonke izinzwa. Isithombe nomsindo kuzungeza umuntu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi amaqembu angakwazi “ukucwilisa”.

Ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona ngokoqobo ezibekwe phezulu ezintweni ezibonakalayo zomhlaba wangempela. Izithombe ezibonisiwe zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe kusetshenziswa izinto eziyisicaba nokuhunyushwa kwe-3D. Okuqukethwe kuza kithi ngokuqondile ngesibonisi esikhethekile, kodwa, esingakuvumeli ukusebenzisana. Izibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-augmented reality devices izibuko Google glasskulawulwa yizwi, izinkinobho nokuthinta. Ibuye idume kakhulu muva nje, okuyinto yokuqala eye yasiza ekwandiseni ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngamaqiniso angeziwe.

Izama ukuchaza iqiniso elixubile (MR) ichazwa njengaleyo, njenge-AR, ibeka izinto ezibonakalayo phezulu kweqiniso, kodwa inomgomo wokujova njalo izinto ezibonakalayo emhlabeni wangempela.

Igama elithi "iqiniso elixubile" kubonakala sengathi yethulwa okokuqala ngo-1994 esihlokweni esithi "A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays". Paula Milgrama i Fumio Kishino. Lokhu kuvame ukuqondwa njengenhlanganisela yazo zontathu izici - ukucutshungulwa kwekhompyutha, okokufaka komuntu kanye nokufaka kwemvelo. Ukuhamba emhlabeni wenyama kungaholela ekuhambeni emhlabeni wedijithali. Imingcele emhlabeni obonakalayo ingathinta izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nemidlalo emhlabeni wedijithali.

Kungumbono ongaphezulu noma omncane wephrojekthi Izibuko zeMicrosoft HoloLens. Uma uthi nhlá, ithuthuke kancane kune-Google Glass, kodwa kunemininingwane encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu - ukusebenzisana. Ihologram ibekwe phezulu emfanekisweni wangempela, esingaxhumana nawo. Ibanga nendawo yaso kunqunywa ukuskena kwegumbi, okuhlala kubala ibanga phakathi kwesigqoko sokuzivikela kanye nendawo eyizungezile. Izithombe ezibonisiwe zingamiswa ngokwezibalo noma yikuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimile noma ziyagqwayiza.

Inguqulo yegeyimu ethi "Minecraft" eyethulwa i-HoloLens ibonise kahle ububanzi obubanzi bokusebenzelana nehologram, esingakwazi ukuyihambisa, ukunweba, ukushwabana, ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa. Lesi ngesinye seziphakamiso, kodwa sikuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi zingaki izindawo zempilo yakho ezingasetshenziswa idatha eyengeziwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile.

I-Reality Ehlanganisiwe ne-Microsoft HoloLens

Ukudideka

Ukuze ujabulele into engekho ngokoqobo, kufanele ugqoke ihedisethi ekhethekile () ye-VR. Amanye alawa madivaysi axhumeka kukhompuyutha (i-Oculus Rift) noma ikhonsoli yegeyimu (PlayStation VR), kodwa akhona namadivayisi azimele (i-Google Cardboard ingenye edume kakhulu). Amahedisethi amaningi e-VR azimele asebenza nama-smartphone—mane uxhume i-smartphone yakho, ufake ihedisethi, futhi usulungele ukucwiliswa ngokoqobo kokubuka.

Eqinisweni lokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, abasebenzisi babona umhlaba wangempela bese bebona futhi ngokunokwenzeka basabele kokuqukethwe kwedijithali okwengezwe kuwo. Njengalapho, izigidi zabantu zihamba emhlabeni wangempela ngama-smartphones azo zifuna izidalwa ezincane ezibonakalayo. Uma une-smartphone yesimanje kuphela, ungalanda kalula uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-AR bese uzama ubuchwepheshe.

Iqiniso elixubile liwumqondo omusha, ngakho lingadala... ukudideka. Kukhona i-MR eqala ngeqiniso langempela - izinto ezibonakalayo azihlangani neqiniso, kodwa zingaxhumana nalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzisi uhlala endaweni yangempela lapho okuqukethwe kwedijithali kwengezwa khona. Kodwa-ke, kukhona iqiniso elixubile, eliqala ngezwe elibonakalayo - indawo yedijithali ilungisiwe futhi ithatha indawo yezwe langempela. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi uhlala ecwile ngokuphelele endaweni ebonakalayo ngenkathi umhlaba wangempela uvinjelwe. Lokhu kuhluke kanjani ku-VR? Kulokhu okuhlukile kwe-MR, izinto zedijithali ziqondana nezinto zangempela, kuyilapho encazelweni ye-VR, indawo ebonakalayo ayihlobene nomhlaba wangempela ozungeze umsebenzisi.

Njengaku-Star Wars

Ukuqagela kososayensi abavela eBrigham Young University

Ukubeka izinto ezibonakalayo phezulu kweqiniso ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, izibuko noma izibuko. Inguqulo yendawo yonke yeqiniso elixubile izobonakala kuwo wonke umuntu oseduze, ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile, ukuqagela, okwaziwayo, isibonelo, okuvela ku-Star Wars. Amahologram anjalo angatholakala ngisho nasemakhonsathini (ongasekho uMichael Jackson edansa esiteji). Nokho, izazi zefiziksi zaseBrigham Young University e-Utah zisanda kubika ephephabhukwini Imvelo ukuthi zenze mhlawumbe ubuchwepheshe be-imaging be-3D obungcono kakhulu obaziwa kuze kube manje, nakuba zingabubizi ngokuthi ama-hologram.

Ithimba eliholwa nguDaniel Smalley lenze isistimu yezithombe ezihambayo ze-XNUMXD ezingabukwa kunoma iyiphi i-engeli.

USmalley utshele i-Nature News.

Ihologram yendabuko ngendlela yayo yamanje iwukuboniswa kwesithombe esisuka emthonjeni onqunyelwe engeli ethile yokubuka. Ngeke ibukwe nhlangothi zonke ngendlela efanayo. Okwamanje, ithimba lika-Smalley lenze indlela abayibiza nge-XNUMXD mapping. Ibamba inhlayiya eyodwa ye-cellulose fiber futhi ishise ngokulinganayo ngemishayo ye-laser. Ukuze kukhanye inhlayiyana edlula emkhathini, iphushwe futhi idonswe isenzo semisebe, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuvezwa kuyo kusetshenziswa isethi yesibili yamalaser.

Umhlaba wedijithali uyathengiswa

Nazi ezinye izindaba ezivela kumalebhu esayensi. Kodwa-ke, kuvela ukuthi ukuxubana kwezinto ezingokoqobo kungase kube emhlabeni jikelele. U-John Hanke - U-CEO we-Niantic (owaziwa kakhulu ngokwethula i-"Pokémon Go") - engqungqutheleni yakamuva ye-GamesBeat, ukhulume ngephrojekthi entsha ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi. (umhlaba wedijithali). Umbono uya ngokuya usondela eqinisweni ngenxa ye-Arcona, isiqalisi esidala ungqimba lwangempela olungathandwayo olunwetshwe ebusweni beplanethi yethu. Inkampani ithuthukise ama-algorithms amaningi ukuze kube lula ukwamukelwa ngobuningi kwe-AR yeselula.

Umqondo oyinhloko wephrojekthi ukwenza okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuxhumene kakhulu nomhlaba wangempela. Ngenxa yama-algorithms e-Arcona kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvimba, okuqukethwe kwe-3D kungabekwa ukude futhi kube nokuma okuzinzile, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe izithuthukisi zedijithali kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Inkampani isivele isiqalile ukwakha izingqimba kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu njengeTokyo, iRome, iNew York neLondon. Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukudala imephu ye-XNUMXD yesikhathi sangempela ye-XNUMXD yomhlaba wonke ezosebenza njengengqalasizinda yamafu yamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene angokoqobo.

I-Arcona inikeza umbono

Okwamanje, inkampani "ithengise" i-5 million m² umhlaba wakho wedijithali ezindaweni ezihamba phambili eMadrid, eTokyo naseNew York. Abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-15 XNUMX bajoyine umphakathi wase-Arkona. Ochwepheshe bachaza ukuthi kulula ukucabanga ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithokozisayo nezisebenzayo zalobu buchwepheshe. Umkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo, ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa isendlalelo se-AR ukuze ubonise kumakhasimende abo ukuthi amaphrojekthi aqediwe azobukeka kanjani uma eseqediwe. Imboni yezokuvakasha izothola ithuba lokujabulisa izivakashi ngokuzijabulisa kwezindawo ezinomlando ezingasekho. I-Digital Earth ingavumela kalula abantu abavela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zomhlaba ukuba bahlangane futhi babambisane njengokungathi basegumbini elilodwa.

Ngokusho kwabanye, lapho ungqimba lwangempela oluxubile seluqediwe, lungaba ingqalasizinda ye-IT ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wakusasa - ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu kunegrafu yezenhlalo ye-Facebook noma i-algorithm yenjini yokusesha ye-Google.