Ithinta ini inzwa ye-Knock nokuthi ungayihlola kanjani
Okuqukethwe
I-knock discovery sensor (DD) kumasilinda enjini kwakungesona isidingo esisobala ezinhlelweni zokulawula injini, futhi ezinsukwini zezimiso ezilula zokuhlela ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kanye nokushiswa kwama-ICE kaphethiloli, ukushiswa okungavamile kwengxube akuzange kuqashelwe. konke. Kodwa-ke izinjini zaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izidingo zokusebenza kahle kanye nokuhlanzeka kokukhipha zanda kakhulu, okwakudinga ukwanda kwenani lokulawula umsebenzi wabo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Izingxube ezithambile nezimpofu kakhulu, izilinganiso zokuminyanisa ezeqile nezinye izici ezifanayo kudingeka zihlale zisebenza onqenqemeni lokuqhunyiswa ngaphandle kokudlula lo mkhawulo.
Itholakala kuphi inzwa yokungqongqoza futhi ithinta ini
Imvamisa i-DD igxunyekwa phezu kwentambo enentambo ku-cylinder block, eduze nesilinda esimaphakathi eduze kwamagumbi omlilo. Indawo akuyo inqunywa imisebenzi acelwa ukuba ayenze.
Uma sikhuluma nje, inzwa yokungqongqoza imakrofoni ethatha imisindo ethize eyenziwe igagasi lokuqhuma elishaya izindonga zamagumbi avuthayo.
Leli gagasi ngokwalo liwumphumela wokusha okungavamile kumasilinda ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu. Umehluko phakathi kwenqubo evamile kanye nenqubo yokuqhunyiswa kwe-detonation kuyafana nangesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-propelling powder charge kusibhamu sokudubula kanye nesiqhumane sohlobo lwe-blasting, esigcwaliswa nge-propelling noma ibhomu.
Isibhamu sisha kancane bese siyaphusha, kanti okuqukethwe emabhomuni agqitshwayo kuyachoboza futhi kucekele phansi. Umehluko ngesivinini sokusakazeka komngcele wokushiswa. Uma iqhunyiswa, iphakeme izikhathi eziningi.
Ukuze ungavezi izingxenye zenjini ekuqhekekeni, ukwenzeka kokuqhunyiswa kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kumiswe ngesikhathi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakungenzeka ukuyikhokhela ngezindleko zokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokweqile kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhunyiswa kwengxubevange ngokwesimiso.
Kancane kancane, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto bufinyelele izinga kangangokuthi zonke izinqolobane zaphela. Kwakudingekile ukuba injini iphoqe ukucisha ukuqhunyiswa kwayo iyodwa. Futhi injini yayinamathiselwe "indlebe" yokulawula i-acoustic, eyaba inzwa yokungqongqoza.
Ngaphakathi kwe-DD kunento ye-piezoelectric ekwazi ukuguqula amasignali e-acoustic e-spectrum ethile kanye nezinga kube awakagesi.
Ngemva kokukhulisa ama-oscillations eyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), ulwazi luguqulwa lube ifomethi yedijithali futhi luhanjiswe ebuchosheni be-elekthronikhi.
I-algorithm evamile yokusebenza ihlanganisa ukwenqatshwa kwesikhathi esifushane kwe-engeli ngevelu egxilile, okulandelwa ukubuyisela isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekuholeni okuphelele. Noma yiziphi izinqolobane azivumelekile lapha, ngoba zinciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, ziphoqa ukuthi isebenze ngendlela engafanele.
Ukulandelela kwenzeka ngesikhathi sangempela emazingeni aphezulu, okuvumela ukuthi uphendule ngokushesha ekubukeni "kokukhala", ukuvimbele ekubangeleni ukushisa nokubhujiswa kwendawo.
Ngokuvumelanisa amasignali nezinzwa ze-crankshaft kanye ne-camshaft position, ungakwazi ngisho nokunquma ukuthi yisiphi isilinda lapho kwenzeka khona isimo esiyingozi.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa
Ngokwezici ze-spectral, ngokomlando kukhona ezimbili zazo - i-resonant и ebanzi.
Kowokuqala, ukusabela okuphinyiselwe kumaza omsindo achazwe kahle kusetshenziswa ukukhulisa ukuzwela. Kuyaziwa kusengaphambili ukuthi iyiphi i-spectrum enikezwa izingxenye ezihlushwa yi-wave shock, ikubo lapho inzwa ishunwa ngokwakhayo.
Inzwa yohlobo lwe-broadband inokuzwela okuncane, kodwa ithatha ukushintshashintsha kwamafrikhwensi ahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise amathuluzi futhi ungakhethi izici zawo zenjini ethile, futhi ikhono elikhulu lokuthwebula amasiginali abuthakathaka alikho isidingo esikhulu, i-detonation inevolumu eyanele ye-acoustic.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinzwa zazo zombili izinhlobo kuholele ekushintshweni okuphelele kwama-DD anomsindo. Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-broadband toroidal ezimbili kuphela ezisetshenziswayo, ezigxilwe kubhulokhi nge-stud emaphakathi ene-nati.
Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini evamile, inzwa yokungqongqoza ayikhiphi amasignali engozi futhi ayihlanganyeli ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokulawula nganoma iyiphi indlela. Uhlelo lwe-ECU lenza zonke izenzo ngokwamakhadi alo edatha athungelwe kumemori, izindlela ezijwayelekile zinikeza ukusha okungaqhumeki kwengxube yamafutha omoya.
Kodwa ngokuphambuka okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa emakamelweni avuthayo, ukuqhunyiswa kungenzeka. Umsebenzi we-DD ukunikeza isignali ngesikhathi ukuze unciphise ingozi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke imisindo yesici izwakala ngaphansi kwe-hood, okuyinto ngesizathu esithile kuyisiko kubashayeli ukubiza umsindo weminwe.
Nakuba empeleni kungekho minwe engqongqozayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi izinga levolumu eliyinhloko livela ekudlidlizeni kwe-piston bottom, eshaywa igagasi lomlilo oqhumayo. Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko lokusebenza okungavamile kwesistimu engaphansi yokulawula okungqongqozayo.
Izimpawu ezingaqondile zizoba ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwamandla enjini, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa layo, kuze kufike ekubukeni kokushisa okukhanyayo, nokungakwazi kwe-ECU ukubhekana nesimo ngendlela evamile. Ukusabela kohlelo lokulawula ezimweni ezinjalo kuyoba ukuthungela isibani sokukhanyisa "Hlola Injini".
Imvamisa, i-ECU iqapha ngokuqondile umsebenzi wenzwa yokungqongqoza. Amazinga amasignali ayo ayaziwa futhi agcinwe enkumbulweni. Uhlelo luqhathanisa ulwazi lwamanje nobubanzi bokubekezelelana futhi, uma ukuchezuka kutholwa, kanyekanye nokufakwa kwenkomba, igcina amakhodi ephutha.
Lezi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokweqisa noma ukwehla emazingeni esignali ye-DD, kanye nokuphumula okuphelele kumjikelezo wayo. Amakhodi amaphutha angafundwa ikhompuyutha esebhodini noma isithwebuli sangaphandle ngesixhumi sokuxilonga.
Amakhodi amaphutha angafundwa ikhompuyutha esebhodini noma isithwebuli sangaphandle ngesixhumi sokuxilonga.
Uma ungenayo idivayisi yokuxilonga, sincoma ukuthi unake ibhajethi yesithwebuli esizenzakalelayo semikhiqizo eminingi Skena Ithuluzi Pro Black Edition.
Isici salo modeli eyenziwe yaseKorea ukuxilongwa kwenjini hhayi kuphela, njengamamodeli amaningi wesabelomali saseShayina, kodwa futhi nezinye izingxenye kanye nemihlangano yemoto (ibhokisi legiya, izinhlelo ezisizayo ze-ABS, ukudluliswa, i-ESP, njll.).
Futhi, le divayisi iyahambisana nezimoto eziningi kusukela ngo-1993, isebenza ngokuzinza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa uxhumano nazo zonke izinhlelo zokuxilonga ezithandwayo futhi inenani elithengekayo.
Ungayihlola kanjani inzwa yokungqongqoza
Ukwazi idivaysi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-DD, ungayihlola ngezindlela ezilula, kokubili ngokuyikhipha enjini futhi endaweni, kuhlanganise ngqo nenjini egijima.
Isilinganiso samandla kagesi
I-multimeter ixhunywe kunzwa ekhishwe ku-cylinder block kumodi yokulinganisa i-voltage. Ukugoba ngobumnene umzimba we-DD ngesikulufu esifakwe embotsheni yomkhono, umuntu angalandela ukusabela kwekristalu ye-piezoelectric eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kumandla okonakala.
Ukubonakala kwe-voltage kusixhumi kanye nenani layo lokuhleleka kwamashumi amabili kuya kwamathathu amamilivolthi cishe kubonisa impilo yejeneretha ye-piezoelectric yedivayisi kanye nekhono layo lokukhiqiza isignali ekuphenduleni isenzo somshini.
Isilinganiso sokumelana
Ezinye izinzwa ziqukethe i-resistor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi exhunywe njenge-shunt. Inani layo liku-oda lamashumi noma amakhulu we-kΩ. Isifunda esivulekile noma esifushane ngaphakathi kwekesi singalungiswa ngokuxhuma i-multimeter efanayo kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana.
Idivayisi kufanele ibonise inani le-shunt resistor, njengoba i-piezocrystal ngokwayo inokumelana okungapheli okungenakulinganiswa nge-multimeter evamile. Kulesi simo, ukufundwa kwedivayisi kuzophinde kuncike kumphumela wemishini ku-crystal ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, okuphazamisa ukufundwa kwe-ohmmeter.
Ihlola inzwa kusixhumi se-ECU
Ngemva kokunquma ukuthintana okufunayo kwesixhumi sesilawuli se-ECU kusukela kumjikelezo kagesi wemoto, isimo senzwa singabhekwa ngokugcwele, ngokufakwa kwamasekethe ezintambo zokuhlinzeka.
Kusixhumi esisusiwe, izilinganiso ezifanayo zenziwa njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, umehluko uzoba kuphela ukuhlola ngesikhathi esisodwa sempilo yekhebula. Ukugoba nokunyakazisa izintambo qinisekisa ukuthi akukho phutha lokuzulazula lapho othintana naye evela futhi enyamalala ekudlidlizeni kwemishini. Lokhu kuthinteka ikakhulukazi izindawo ezigqwalile lapho izintambo zishunyekwa ezigangeni zezixhumi.
Ngekhompiyutha exhunyiwe kanye nokukhanyisa kuvuliwe, ungabheka ukuba khona kwe-voltage yereferensi ku-sensor kanye nokunemba kokuhlukaniswa kwayo ngabaphikisi bangaphandle nabakhelwe ngaphakathi, uma lokhu kuhlinzekwa yisekethe yemoto ethile.
Ngokuvamile, usekelo lwe-+5 Volt lucishe lube uhhafu futhi isignali ye-AC ikhiqizwa ngemuva kwale ngxenye ye-DC.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oscilloscope
Indlela yezinsimbi enembe kakhulu nephelele izodinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-oscilloscope yesitoreji sedijithali yezimoto noma okunamathiselwe kwe-oscilloscope kukhompuyutha yokuxilonga.
Lapho ushaya umzimba we-DD, kuzobonakala esikrinini ukuthi ingakanani into ye-piezoelectric ekwazi ukukhiqiza izindawo eziphakeme zesiginali ye-detonation, noma ngabe isisindo sokuzamazama komhlaba senzwa sisebenza kahle, sivimbele ukugeleza okumanzi okungaphandle, nokuthi i-amplitude yesiginali yokuphumayo yanele.
Indlela yokusebenza idinga ulwazi olwanele ekuxilongeni kanye nolwazi lwamaphethini esignali ajwayelekile wedivayisi esebenzisekayo.
Ihlola injini esebenzayo
Indlela elula yokuhlola ayidingi ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa zikagesi. Injini iqala futhi iboniswa ngesivinini esingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Uma ushaya amagalelo aphakathi nendawo kwinzwa yokungqongqoza, ungabona ukusabela kwekhompuyutha ekubonakaleni kwamasignali ayo.
Kufanele kube nokuphindaphinda okujwayelekile kwesikhathi sokuthungela kanye nokwehla okuhlobene nesivinini senjini esimile. Indlela idinga ikhono elithile, ngoba akuwona wonke ama-motor asabela ngokulinganayo ekuhlolweni okunjalo.
Abanye "baqaphela" isignali yokungqongqoza kuphela ngaphakathi kwesigaba esincane sokuzungezisa ama-camshafts, okusadingeka ukuthi kufinyelelwe kuwo. Ngempela, ngokusho komqondo we-ECU, i-detonation ayikwazi ukwenzeka, isibonelo, ekuqothulweni noma ekuqaleni kwe-stroke yokucindezela.
Ishintsha inzwa yokushaya
I-DD isho okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili, ukumiselela kwakho okungekho bunzima. Umzimba wedivayisi ulungiswe kahle ku-stud futhi uyisuse, kwanele ukukhulula i-nut eyodwa bese ususa isixhumi sikagesi.
Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni se-stud, i-bolt enentambo emzimbeni we-block isetshenziswa. Ubunzima bungavela kuphela ngokugqwala kokuxhumeka okufakwe intambo, ngoba idivayisi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ukususwa kwayo kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
I-lubricant engena injongo yonke, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-wrench ye-liquid, izosiza.
