Iyini injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ekwaziyo?

Uma kukhulunywa nge-Koenigsegg, yonke into ibonakala ivela kwenye iplanethi. Imodeli entsha ye-brand yaseSweden ebizwa ngokuthi i-Gemera ayihlukile kulokhu kwakhiwa - imodeli ye-GT enezihlalo ezine ene-hybrid drive, amandla esistimu angu-1700 hp, isivinini esiphezulu esingu-400 km / h nokusheshisa ku-100 km / h ku-1,9. imizuzwana. Nakuba izimoto ezinkulu zingaseyivelakancane emhlabeni wanamuhla, iGemera isenezici ezithile ezihlukile. Futhi okugqama kakhulu kulezi zici injini yemoto.

I-Koenigsegg ikubiza ngokuthi i-Tiny Friendly Giant, noma i-TNG ngamafuphi. Futhi kunesizathu - i-TFG ine-displacement yamalitha amabili, amasilinda amathathu (!), Ama-turbocharger amabili nama-600 hp. kwe 300hp ilitha ngalinye, le yunithi ifinyelela amandla aphezulu ake anikezwa injini yokukhiqiza. Le nkampani ithi ngokobuchwepheshe, i-TFG "iphambi kwanoma iyiphi enye injini yamasilinda amathathu emakethe namuhla." Eqinisweni, baqinisile impela - injini elandelayo enamasilinda amathathu yi-268 hp esetshenziswa yiToyota ku-GR Yaris.

Ubuchwepheshe obungajwayelekile kakhulu ku-TFG wuhlelo lwesikhathi se-valve engenamakhamera. Esikhundleni salokho, injini isebenzisa isistimu eyakhiwe inkampani engaphansi kwe-Koenigsegg i-Freevalve, enama-actuator omoya wevalvu ngayinye.

Eqinisweni, "isigebenga esincane esinobungane" senzelwe ngqo iGemera. Inkampani yaseSweden yayifuna ukudala okuthile okuhlangene, okulula, kodwa okunamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilosofi yokwakhiwa kwedrayivu isiyonke isishintshile futhi, ngokungafani ne-Gegera Regera hybrid, amandla amaningi ahlinzekwa ngama-motor kagesi. Injini yomlilo inegalelo elengeziwe ekushayeleni nasekushajeni amabhethri.

Bacabange okuningi ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokwakha injini yamasilinda amathathu eKönigsegg. Kodwa-ke, leso sinqumo ngeke senziwe ngokungaqondakali emotweni ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo, ukufunwa kwezimfanelo ezinjengobumbano nokukhanya kuyanqoba futhi kuholela ekwakhiweni kwenjini eyedlulele kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokuya nge-litre hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ne "cylinder".

Ukucushwa kwenjini, nokho, kunamasilinda amakhudlwana futhi kuzwakala kuheha, ne-low-frequency timbre evamile yezinjini zamasilinda amathathu, kodwa ziphefumula kakhulu. UChristian von Koenigsegg, umsunguli wenkampani, wathi ngaye: "Cabanga nge-Harley, kodwa nge-cylinder ehlukile." Nakuba ine-bore enkulu kakhulu engu-95mm kanye ne-stroke engu-93,5mm, i-TFG iyawathanda ama-revs aphezulu. Amandla ayo aphezulu afinyelelwa ku-7500 rpm futhi indawo ebomvu ye-tachometer iqala ku-8500 rpm. Lapha, i-alchemy iqukethe izinto ezibizayo ezihlinzeka ngokukhanya (isivinini) namandla (ukucindezela okuphezulu kwenqubo yomlilo). Ngakho-ke, isivinini esikhulu sihambisana ne-torque emangalisayo engu-600 Nm.

I-Cascade turbocharging

Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ama-turbocharger amabili angaxhunywa kanjani ekucushweni kwamasilinda amathathu yi-cascade. Uhlelo olufanayo lwasebenzisa i-Porsche 80 eyisakhiwo sodumo kuma-959s, enokufana njengoba izinjini ezimbili ezinamasilinda amathathu zigcwele i-turbocharger encane nenkulu. Nokho, i-TFG inencazelo entsha ngale ndaba. I-cylinders ngayinye yenjini inama-valve amabili okukhipha umoya, eyodwa yawo inesibopho sokugcwalisa i-turbocharger encane, kanti enye i-turbocharger enkulu. Emarevs aphansi kanye nemithwalo, amavalvu amathathu kuphela aphakela amagesi ku-turbocharger encane avuleka. Ngo-3000 rpm, ama-valve esibili aqala ukuvula, eqondisa amagesi ku-turbocharger enkulu. Kodwa-ke, injini inobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kangangokuthi ngokuya ngemingcele yayo, ngisho nenguqulo "yomkhathi", ingafinyelela ku-280 hp. Isizathu sitholakala kubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-valve ye-Freevalve. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani injini engu-2000 cc I-CM inamasilinda amathathu, iqiniso lokuthi injini enamasilinda amathathu iphumelela ngokwedlulele ngokwe-turbocharging, ngoba akukho ukuncibilika kokuphefumula kwegesi, njengasenjinini enamasilinda amane.

Namaphayiphu wokuvula womoya

Ngenxa yohlelo lweFreevalve, ivalve ngayinye ihamba ngayodwa. Ingavulwa ngokuzimela ngobude obuthile, ukuqala i-torque kanye ne-stroke. Lapho umthwalo uphansi, kuvulwa okukodwa kuphela, okuvumela ukugeleza komoya okuphezulu nokuxubana kukaphethiloli okungcono. Ngenxa yekhono lokulawula ngokunembile i-valve ngayinye, asikho isidingo se-valve ye-throttle, futhi i-cylinders ngayinye ingavalwa uma kunesidingo (ngezindlela zokulayisha ingxenye). Ukuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza kuvumela i-TFG ukuthi ishintshe isuka ku-Otto evamile iye ekusebenzeni kwe-Miller ngomjikelezo womsebenzi owandisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Futhi lokhu akuyona umxhwele kakhulu - ngosizo "lokuvuthela" kusuka kumayunithi we-turbo, injini ingashintshela kumodi ye-stroke emibili kuze kufike ku-3000 rpm. Ngokusho kukaChristian von Koenigseg ku-6000 rpm kule modi kuzozwakala njenge-silinda-cylinder. Kodwa-ke, ngo-3000 rpm, idivayisi ishintshela kumodi ye-stroke emine ngoba asikho isikhathi esanele sokushintshaniswa kwegesi ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uKoenigsegg usebenza nenkampani yezobuhlakani yaseMelika i-SparkCognition, ethuthukisa isoftware yokulawula ubuhlakani bezinjini zeFreevalve ezifana ne-TFG. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlelo lufunda ukuthi usebenze kanjani kahle ama-valve nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza inqubo yomlilo. Uhlelo lokulawula nohlelo lweFreevalve likuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ivolumu nethoni yenjini ngokuvuleka okuhlukile kwamaphayiphu okukhipha. Iphinde ibhekele ikhono lokufudumeza injini ngokushesha futhi inciphise ukukhishwa. Ngenxa kagesi ophehla ugesi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, injini ye-crankshaft ijikeleza cishe imijikelezo eyi-10 (ngemizuzwana emi-2), lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe kumasilinda lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-30. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, i-valve yokudonsa ivuleka ngokushaywa unhlangothi okuncane nokujikeleza okunesiyaluyalu komoya nophethiloli kwenzeka ezungeze i-valve esidayisa, okuthuthukisa ukuhwamuka.

I-Fuel iphinde ibe negalelo elibalulekile ekuzuzeni amandla enjini aphezulu. Eqinisweni, i-TFG iyinjini ye-Flex Fuel, okungukuthi, ingasebenza kukho kokubili uphethiloli notshwala (ethanol, butanol, methanol) nezingxube ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Ama-molecule e-alcohol aqukethe umoya-mpilo futhi ngaleyo ndlela anikeze okudingekayo ukushisa ingxenye ye-hydrocarbon. Yiqiniso, lokhu kusho ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kukaphethiloli, kodwa kunikezwa kalula kunomthamo omkhulu womoya. Izingxube zotshwala ziphinde zinikeze inqubo yokushisa ehlanzekile futhi izinhlayiya ezincane zikhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvutha. Futhi uma i-ethanol ikhishwa ezitshalweni, ingase futhi inikeze inqubo ye-carbon-neutral. Lapho isebenza ngophethiloli, amandla enjini angu-500 hp. Khumbula ukuthi isilawuli somlilo ku-TFG sisezingeni eliphezulu kangangokuthi siyakwazi ukukhipha cishe uphethiloli ongaphezu kwamandla ngaphandle kwe-detonation - indawo evuthayo ye-neuralgic kakhulu ku-high turbo pressure. Ihlukile ngempela ngesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-9,5:1 kanye nengcindezi yokugcwalisa ephezulu kakhulu. Singaqagela kuphela ukuthi ikhanda lesilinda linamathiselwe kanjani ebhulokhini, namandla akamuva, uma kubhekwa ingcindezi enkulu yokusebenza kwenqubo yokushiswa, ngokwezinga elithile lokhu kungase kuchaze ubukhona bobumo obuyindilinga, obufana nekholomu ekwakhiweni kwayo. .

Vele, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lweFreevalve lubiza kakhulu kunama-actuator ajwayelekile, kepha kusetshenziswa izinto ezimbalwa zokwakha injini, kususa izindleko nezisindo ngezinga elithile. Ngakho-ke, sekukonke, izindleko ze-TFG esezingeni eliphakeme ziyingxenye yenani le-turbocharger yenkampani eyisishiyagalombili yamalitha amahlanu.

Ukushayela okuhlukile kwe-Gemera

Yonke enye i-Gemera drivetrain nayo ihlukile futhi iyinqaba. I-TFG itholakala ngemuva kwegumbi labagibeli futhi iqondisa i-asi ye-front isebenzisa uhlelo oluyingqayizivele lokushayela ngqo olungena-gearbox, kepha inama-clutch clutch amabili ku-axle ngayinye. Uhlelo lubizwa ngeHydraCoup futhi ngejubane elithile imfucuza ye-hydraulic ikhiyiwe futhi iqhutshwe ngqo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini yomlilo iphinde ixhumeke ngqo ku-generator kagesi onamandla afinyelela ku-400 hp. amandla ngokulandelana kuze kufike ku-500 Nm.

IHydraCoup iguqula isamba esingu-1100 Nm TFG kanye nenjini kagesi, iphinda kabili i-torque ibe ngu-3000 rpm. Ukwengezwa kukho konke lokhu itorque yemoto ngayinye kwezimbili zikagesi ezishayela isondo elilodwa langemuva elinama-500 hp. ngayinye futhi, ngokufanele, i-1000 Nm. Ngakho-ke, amandla esistimu ephelele yi-1700 hp. Injini ngayinye kagesi ine-voltage engu-800 volts. Ibhethri lemoto nalo lihlukile. Inamandla angu-800 volts kanye namandla angu-15 kWh kuphela, inamandla okukhipha (ophumayo) angu-900 kW kanye namandla okushaja angu-200 kW. Ingqamuzana ngalinye lilawulwa ngabanye ngokwezinga lokushisa, isimo sokukhokha, "impilo", futhi zonke zihlanganiswa zibe umzimba wekhabhoni ovamile, osendaweni ephephile kakhulu - ngaphansi kwezihlalo zangaphambili nasemhubheni we-carbon-aramid drive. Konke lokhu kuzosho ukuthi ngemva kokusheshisa okumbalwa okunamandla, imoto kuzodingeka ihambe kancane isikhashana ukuze i-TFG ishaje ibhethri.

Konke ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kusekelwe kwifilosofi yenkampani yezimoto eziphakathi nenjini. IKoenigsegg ayinazo izinhlelo zemoto ehlanzekile kagesi okwamanje, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obukule ndawo abuthuthukile futhi benza izimoto zibe nzima kakhulu. Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwayo kwe-carbon dioxide, inkampani isebenzisa uphethiloli otshwala kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Isistimu kagesi ye-Gemera engu-800-volt inikeza ugesi ongafika ku-50 km kanye nesivinini esingu-300 km/h. Ukuze ukuzijabulisa kufike ku-400 km/h, isibopho se-TFG. Kumodi ye-hybrid, imoto ingahamba enye i-950 km, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesistimu - i-TFG ngokwayo idla cishe amaphesenti angu-20 ngaphansi kwenjini yesimanje enamalitha amabili. ngokusatshalaliswa kwegesi okuguquguqukayo okuvamile. Futhi ukuzinza kwemoto kuqinisekiswa nesistimu yokuqondisa yamasondo angemuva, i-torque kagesi vectoring ngemuva, kanye ne-mechanical torque vectoring ngaphambili (kusetshenziswa ama-clutch amanzi angeziwe kuma-front-wheel drive systems, eduze kweziguquli ze-hydraulic) . Ngaleyo ndlela iGemera isiphenduke imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, isiteringi esinamasondo amane kanye ne-torque vectoring. Ukwengezwa kukho konke lokhu ukulawulwa kobude bomzimba.

Yize le njini ihlukile ngokwendalo kodwa iyakhombisa ukuthi iyakwazi ukuqondisa ukwakhiwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Inkulumo-mpikiswano efanayo iyenzeka kuFomula 1 - ukusesha ukusebenza kahle kuzogxila kumafutha okwenziwa kanye nendlela yokusebenza ye-two-stroke.