Amafutha enjini - ungagcobi, ungashayeli
Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyinhliziyo yemoto. Naphezu kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, iyunithi engenawo uwoyela ayikasungulwa. Ixhuma cishe zonke izingxenye zemishini ezisebenzisanayo futhi ibilokhu "iwuketshezi lomzimba" olubaluleke kakhulu lwemoto. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyikhetha ngendlela efanele futhi ulandele imithetho embalwa eyisisekelo yokusebenza.
Amafutha - uketshezi lwemisebenzi ekhethekile
Amafutha enjini, ngaphezu komsebenzi owaziwayo wokugcoba wokugcoba ngokumelene nomunye nomunye
izingxenye zemishini zinenani leminye imisebenzi ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isusa ukushisa okudlulele ezintweni ezilayishwe ngokushisa, ivala igumbi elivuthayo phakathi kwepiston nesilinda, futhi ivikela izingxenye zensimbi ekugqwaleni. Iphinde igcine injini ihlanzekile ngokuthwala imikhiqizo evuthayo nokunye ukungcola iye kusihlungi sikawoyela.
Amaminerali noma okokwenziwa?
Njengamanje, ngokuqiniswa kwamazinga e-viscosity, amafutha athuthukiswe ngesisekelo sezisekelo zamaminerali awakwazi ukunikeza inkomba eyanele ye-viscosity. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azinawo uketshezi olwanele emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuqalisa injini nokusheshisa ukuguga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakwazi ukunikeza i-viscosity eyanele ekushiseni okusebenzayo kwe-100 - 150 degrees C. "Endabeni yezinjini ezingaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu yokushisa, uwoyela wamaminerali awumelani nokushisa okuphezulu, okubangela ukuwohloka kwawo kanye lehle kakhulu izinga,” kusho uRobert Pujala weGroup Motoricus SA. "Izinjini ezakhiwe eminyakeni yamashumi ayisikhombisa noma engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ekhulwini elidlule azidingi izinto zokugcoba ezithuthukisiwe futhi zaneliseke ngokuphelele ngamafutha amaminerali," kunezela uPuhala.
Phakathi kwemibono ethandwayo, umuntu angezwa izinkolelo-mbono ezihlukahlukene ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa injini ngamafutha amaminerali, uma ike yasebenza ku-synthetic futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngokombono, awukho umthetho onjalo, ikakhulukazi uma umenzi ehlinzeka ngamathuba okusebenzisa zombili izinhlobo zemikhiqizo. Nokho, empeleni, abashayeli kufanele baxwayiswe ngokusebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa wekhwalithi ephezulu enjinini ebike yasetshenziswa kuwoyela wamaminerali ashibhile amashumi ambalwa ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Lokhu kungase kudale inani elikhulu le-soot kanye nodaka "oluzinze" unomphela enjinini. Ukusetshenziswa kungazelelwe komkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu (okuhlanganisa uwoyela wamaminerali wekhwalithi ephezulu) kuvame ukuxosha lezi zinsalela, okungaholela ekuvuzeni kwenjini noma izintambo zikawoyela ezivalekile, okuholela ekubanjweni kwenjini. Gcina lokhu engqondweni ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe! Uma singaqiniseki ukuthi umnikazi wangaphambilini usebenzise amafutha alungile futhi washintsha ngesikhathi, qaphela ekukhetheni i-lubricant ukuze ungadluli.
Izigaba zamafutha - amalebula ayinkimbinkimbi
Kubashayeli abaningi, ukumaka emabhodleleni amafutha emoto akusho lutho oluqondile futhi akuqondakali. Ngakho-ke ungazifunda kanjani ngendlela efanele futhi uqonde inhloso yamafutha?
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity
Inquma ukufaneleka komkhiqizo othile ezimweni ezithile zezulu. Emfanekisweni, isibonelo: 5W40, inombolo "5" ngaphambi kohlamvu W (ebusika) ibonisa i-viscosity uwoyela azoba nayo ezingeni lokushisa elinikeziwe. Lapho inani layo liphansi, amafutha azosabalala ngokushesha enjinini ngemva kokushayela ekuseni, okunciphisa ukuguga kwezakhi ngenxa yokungqubuzana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuthambisa. Inombolo "40" ibonisa ukufaneleka kwamafutha ezimweni zokusebenza ezikhona enjini, futhi kunqunywa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ye-viscosity kinematic ku-100 ° C kanye ne-viscosity enamandla ku-150 ° C. Uma le nombolo iphansi, injini ihamba kalula, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, inani eliphakeme libonisa ukuthi injini ingalayishwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwengozi yokuma. Ukuhambisana nezidingo eziqinile zemvelo kanye nokunciphisa okuphezulu kokumelana nokushayela kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ane-viscosity, isibonelo, i-0W20 (isibonelo, ekuthuthukisweni kwakamuva kwaseJapane).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi
Njengamanje okudume kakhulu eYurophu ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ye-ACEA, okuthatha indawo ye-API yemikhiqizo yemakethe yase-US. I-ACEA ichaza amafutha ngokuwahlukanisa abe ngamaqembu ama-4:
A - ngezinjini zikaphethiloli zezimoto namaveni,
B - yezinjini zikadizili zezimoto namabhasi amancane (ngaphandle kwalawo afakwe isihlungi sezinhlayiya)
C - ngezinjini zakamuva zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili ezinama-catalytic converters anezindlela ezintathu.
nezihlungi zezinhlayiya
E - yezinjini ezisindayo zikadizili zamaloli.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha anemingcele ethile kuvame ukunqunywa izindinganiso ezibekwe ukukhathazeka kwezimoto ezichaza izidingo ezithile zemodeli yenjini enikeziwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ane-viscosity ehlukile kunaleyo eshiwo umenzi kungaholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukusebenza okungafanele kwamayunithi alawulwa ngamanzi, njengama-tensioners amabhande, futhi kungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuvala umthwalo ngokwengxenye wamasilinda ngamanye (izinjini ze-HEMI) . ).
Izibambeli Zomkhiqizo
Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaphoqi uhlobo oluthile lwamafutha kithi, kodwa batusa kuphela. Lokhu akusho ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo izoba ngaphansi noma ingafaneleki. Umkhiqizo ngamunye ohlangabezana nezindinganiso, ongafundwa ngawo encwadini yokusebenza yemoto noma kumakhathalogi akhethekile abakhiqizi bamafutha, ufanelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwawo.
Udinga ukushintsha kangaki uwoyela?
Uwoyela uyisici esisebenzisekayo futhi ngamamayela angaguga futhi alahlekelwe yizinto zawo zangempela. Yingakho ukushintshwa kwayo okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele sikwenze kangaki lokhu?
Imvamisa yokushintshwa kwalolu "ketshezi lwebhayoloji" olubaluleke kakhulu luchazwa ngokuqinile ngumenzi wezimoto ngamunye. Izindinganiso zanamuhla "ziqinile", ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuvakashela isevisi, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuphumula semoto. “Izinjini zezinye izimoto zidinga ukushintshwa, isibonelo zonke ezingu-48 50. amakhilomitha. Kodwa-ke, lezi izincomo ezinethemba elikhulu ezisekelwe ezimeni zokushayela ezivumayo, njengemigwaqo eneziqalo ezimbalwa ngosuku. Izimo zokushayela ezinzima, izinga eliphezulu lothuli noma amabanga amafushane edolobheni kudinga ukuncishiswa kwezikhathi zokuhlola ngo-XNUMX%,” kusho uRobert Puchala.
eqenjini leMotoricus SA
Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi sebeqalile ukusebenzisa izinkomba zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini, lapho isikhathi sokushintsha sibalwa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana ezijwayelekile ezibhekene nokugqoka kwekhwalithi yayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kahle izakhiwo zamafutha. Khumbula ukushintsha isihlungi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ushintsha uwoyela.
