Isibani sebhethri kuphaneli yomculo siyacwayiza: izimbangela nezisombululo
Okuqukethwe
Isigaba sokusonga singase sinqamuke, othintana naye angase abe buthaka - lokhu kuzoba esinye isizathu sokuthi inkomba yebhethri icwayize.
Ukuqokwa okuhleliwe kwebhethri kudeshibhodi yemoto kunembile: unxande, engxenyeni engenhla okukhona "-" (itheminali engalungile) kwesokunxele, kanye "+" (itheminali eqondile) kwesokudla. . Evula isiqalisi, umshayeli ubona: isithonjana esibomvu sikhanyisa, khona-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho injini iqala, iyacima. Lokhu kujwayelekile. Kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi ukukhanya kwebhethri kuphaneli yensimbi kuhlala kuvuliwe noma kucwayiza ngenkathi ushayela. Abanikazi bezimoto kufanele bazilungiselele isimo.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani ilambu lokushajwa kwebhethri livuliwe
Uma uvula ukhiye wokuthungela, amasistimu amaningi ezimoto, okuhlanganisa nebhethri, azihlolele wona. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkomba zamayunithi nama-assemblies ziyakhanyisa, bese ziphuma ngemuva kwesikhashana.
Isibani sebhethri sivuliwe
I-voltage yebhethri idingeka kuphela ukuze kuqalwe indawo yamandla. Bese kwenzeka lokhu okulandelayo: i-crankshaft ithola umfutho, yenza ijeneretha ijikeleze, eyokugcina ikhiqize amandla amanje futhi ishaje ibhethri.
Umkhiqizi
Iyunithi ayiwadluliseli amandla akhiqiziwe ebhethri ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa.
Cabanga ngezinkinga ezijwayelekile zamajeneretha usebenzisa isibonelo sezinhlobo zezimoto ezidumile:
- Ibhande lakwaHyundai Solaris selixegisiwe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukungcola kungena ngaphakathi kwe-element noma i-pulley yomhlangano. Ibhande liyashelela, i-angular velocity ye-pulley iyaphazamiseka: i-generator ikhiqiza amandla aphansi we-voltage. Isimo esingemnandi kakhulu ukuphulwa kwebhande lokushayela. Impempe evela engxenyeni yenjini ye-Solaris iba inkomba yezinkinga.
- Sesiyiqedile impilo yokusebenza kwebhulashi le-Nissan alternator.
- Isilawuli se-voltage u-Lada Kalina sihlulekile. Esimeni sokusebenza, ingxenye ikhawulela i-voltage edluliselwa komunye umthombo kagesi komunye. Kodwa izinkinga ngomlawuli ziphazamisa lokhu kugeleza.
- Ibhuloho le-Diode Lada Priora. Njengoba iyekile ukusebenza, ayiguquli ijika elishintshayo libe elamanje eliqondile, ngakho-ke uphawu lwebhethri luyakhanyiswa kokuthi Ngaphambili.
- Ukuhlehla noma ukuminyana kwe-alternator pulley ephethe i-Kia Rio: isici sigugile noma ibhande liqine kakhulu.
Izinkinga Zejeneretha Ezijwayelekile
Ibhetri
Emabhange e-accumulator yamanje, kungase kungabi khona i-electrolyte eyanele noma amagridi abhujiswa: isibani sedivayisi esinokukhanya okuqhubekayo sixwayisa ngokungasebenzi kahle.
Amatheminali ane-oxidized noma angcolile kanye noxhumana nabo bedivayisi kungesinye isizathu. Iboniswa kuphaneli ngesibonisi sebhethri elikhanyayo.
isibani sesignali
Kumamodeli e-VAZ kukhona ama-bulb ane-filament. Lapho abanikazi beshintsha izici kuzinketho ze-LED, babona isithombe esishaqisayo sesithonjana sebhethri elingabuni, nakuba imoto iqalile futhi injini yaqala ukuzuza umfutho.
Iyathumela
Izintambo zenethiwekhi evamile kagesi zingaphuka, zihlakazeke: khona-ke ukukhanya kwenkomba kufiphele, ukukhanya okuyingxenye. Isimo esifanayo sibonwa lapho kugqekezwa ukufakwa kwezintambo, noma lapho ungathintani kahle ngenxa yokungcola nokugqwala kusilawuli sikagesi. Lesi sakamuva saziwa ngabashayeli ngaphansi kwegama elithi "chocolate".
Ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa
Kulula ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imithombo yamanje kagesi yemoto iyasebenza:
- Iqale imoto.
- Khanyisa omunye wabasebenzisi bama-peripheral, njengezibani zangaphambili.
- Susa itheminali enegethivu kudivayisi ekhiqizayo: uma izibani zangaphambili zingacimi futhi umshini uqhubeka nokusebenza, ijeneretha iphelele. Uma konke kuphuma, inkinga iku-generator: udinga ukuhlola i-node ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa
Uma usuqedile nge-multimeter, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:
- Vula ibhande lokushayela ngesandla. Esimweni esivamile sengxenye, umzamo wakho uzokwanela ku-90 °. Hlola ukunqwabelana kokungcola endaweni yebhande.
- Linganisa i-voltage ngensimbi ngemva kokumisa injini. Uma i-voltage ingaphansi kuka-12 V, i-alternator iyona enecala.
- Vula i-multimeter ngesivinini sokufudumala. Uma ikhombisa ngaphansi kuka-13,8 V, ibhethri ishajwa kancane, futhi uma ingaphezulu kuka-14,5 V, ishajwa ngokweqile.
- Hlola i-voltage ngomhloli ekuphendukeni kwezinjini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2-3. Uma inkomba idlula i-14,5 V, hlola ubuqotho be-voltage regulator.
Amabhulashi e-generator
Ukuhuzuka kwalezi zakhi kuze kufike ku-5 mm kubonakala emehlweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye ayilungiseki futhi idinga ukushintshwa.
Isilawuli se-Voltage
Hlola ingxenye nge-multimeter. I-voltage regulator ikhutshaziwe yi-short circuit ku-mains, ukulimala komshini. Futhi, imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-node ingase ilele ekuxhumekeni okungalungile kwebhethri.
I-diode bridge
Hlola le ngxenye ngomhloli kumodi yokulinganisa ukumelana.
I-diode bridge
Qhubeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Ukuze uvimbele ukujikeleza okufushane, namathisela enye ye-probe ku-terminal 30 ye-generator, enye ecaleni.
- Ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho ukwehlukana kwe-positive diode, shiya i-probe yokuqala lapho ibikhona, bese unamathisele eyesibili ku-fastener yebhuloho le-diode.
- Uma usola ukuwohloka kwama-diode angalungile, namathisela ingxenye eyodwa yedivayisi kuzixhumi zebhuloho le-diode, bese ubeka enye phezu kwekesi.
- Hlola ama-diode engeziwe ukuze ahlukaniswe ngokubeka i-probe yokuqala ekuphumeni kwe-generator engu-61, eyesibili endaweni yokukhweza ibhuloho.
Ukuthwala ukwehluleka
Izakhi ze-pulley ezigugile ziholela ekubuyiseleni emuva kanye nokuguga kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwebhande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bearings ayinkinga adala umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu - ukugxuma kwe-jeneretha shaft. Khona-ke izingxenye azikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ukuxhumana okungalungile kujeneretha
Oxhumana nabo abavaliwe beyunithi ngokuvamile bagcotshwa ngezinto zokuzivikela. Kodwa umswakama, uthuli, ukugqwala kusalimaza ukuxhumana okuhle nokubi. Ukukhwabanisa ngendlela yezinto zokuhlanza kusiza ikesi: amandla akhiqizwayo anikezwa ibhethri.
Vula i-generator circuit
Isenzakalo lapho ikhebula lejeneretha liphuka futhi isigxivizo siguga asivamile. Lungisa inkinga ngokushintsha ingxenye eyonakele yezintambo.
Kodwa-ke, kungase kuvele ukuthi ibhawudi elixhuma i-terminal yesigaba nebhuloho le-diode liqiniswe ngokukhululekile, noma kwakheka ukugqwala ngaphansi kwezibophelelo.
Vula i-generator circuit
Kuyadingeka ukuthola nokukhipha ukugqwala kubo bonke othintana nabo bemithombo kagesi yomshini: khona-ke ukukhanya kuphaneli yensimbi kuzovula futhi kucime ngokujwayelekile.
Hlola ama-diode amandla: ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukuwathengisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola i-stator winding. Uma ubona ukuphenduka okumnyama, isisetshenziswa sokukhiqiza siphelile: nikeza iyunithi ukuze ihlehliselwe emuva (le nqubo ayivamile ukwenziwa ekhaya).
Okufanele ukwenze uma ukuphazamiseka kwesekhethi yebhethri kubanjwa endleleni
Kwenzeka ukuthi inkomba yebhethri ayizange iphume ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma imoto ingakahambi, kufanele uhlole zonke izinketho zokungasebenzi kahle. Egaraji elinamathuluzi adingekayo, ukuxilonga nokulungisa uhlelo kulula: abashayeli abanamakhono amancane kagesi babhekana nomsebenzi bebodwa.
Okubi nakakhulu ngesikhathi ibheji livutha emgwaqeni. Ngokucisha injini, uzifaka engcupheni yokuba yisithunjwa salesi simo futhi ungabe usayiqala injini: uzodinga iloli elidonsayo noma ukudonsa imoto yomunye umuntu.
Njengoba ngokuvamile isithonjana esivuthayo sikwazisa ngezinkinga nge-generator, zama ukufinyelela isevisi yemoto eseduze ebhethri. Ukushaja ibhethri elinomthamo ongu-55 Ah kwanele ukuhamba ibanga elingu-100-150 km, inqobo nje uma ungavuli umsindo, uhlelo lwesimo sezulu, nabanye abathengi.
