izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula

Yini engalungile ngokuthi siya ngokuya sithwala amandla okucubungula amaningi emaphaketheni ethu ngamakhompuyutha amancane amodelwe njengesixhumi sikaKaputeni uKirk sika-Star Trek esisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela? Yiqiniso, basafeza umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko, kodwa kubonakala sengathi bambalwa futhi bambalwa kubo ... Nsuku zonke sisebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe kuma-smartphones hhayi kuphela. Nawu umlando walezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.

1973 Unjiniyela we-Motorola u-Martin Cooper wase-Ukraine ushayele imbangi yakhe uJoel Engel waseBell Labs ngomakhalekhukhwini. Umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala wadalwa ngenxa yokuthakasela kukaKapteni Kirk nomuntu okhuluma naye ochungechungeni lwe-sci-fi i-Star Trek.bona futhi: ).

Ifoni Hlanganyela, sasibizwa ngokuthi isitini, esasifana nokubukeka nesisindo saso (0,8 kg). Yakhululwa ukuze ithengiswe ngo-1983 njenge-$4 Motorola DynaTA. I-U.S. DOLA. Umshini wawudinga amahora amaningana wokushajwa, okwakwanele imizuzu engu-30 yesikhathi sokukhuluma. Kwakungekho mbuzo nganoma yiziphi izicelo. Njengoba uCooper asho, umakhalekhukhwini wakhe wawungenawo amashumi ezigidi zama-transistors namandla okucubungula ayengamvumela ukuthi asebenzise ucingo ngaphandle kokushaya izingcingo.

1984 Inkampani yaseBrithani iPsion yethula iPsion Organiser (1), okungeyokuqala emhlabeni ikhompuyutha ephathwayo kanye nezicelo zokuqala. Ngokusekelwe ku-8-bit Hitachi 6301 processor kanye no-2 KB we-RAM. Umhleli ulinganise u-142×78×29,3 mm endaweni evaliwe futhi walinganisa amagremu angu-225. Futhi bekuyidivayisi yokuqala yeselula enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nesizindalwazi, umshini wokubala, newashi. Hhayi okuningi, kodwa isofthiwe ivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi babhale izinhlelo zabo ze-POPL.

1992 Embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe we-COMDEX() e-Las Vegas, izinkampani zaseMelika i-IBM kanye ne-BellSouth bethula idivayisi emisha eyinhlanganisela yespottop kanye nomakhalekhukhwini - IBM Simon Personal Communicator 3(2). I-smartphone yaqala ukudayiswa ngonyaka olandelayo. Yayinenkumbulo engu-1 megabyte, isikrini sokuthinta esimnyama nesimhlophe esinokulungiswa kwamaphikseli angu-160x293.

2. Oxhumana naye siqu IBM Simon 3

I-IBM Simon isebenza njengocingo, i-pager, umshini wokubala, incwadi yamakheli, ifeksi, kanye nedivayisi ye-imeyili. Yayihlome ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa njengencwadi yamakheli, ikhalenda, umhleli, umshini wokubala, iwashi lomhlaba, incwadi yokubhalela ye-elekthronikhi, nesikrini sokudweba esinothi lokuloba. I-BM iphinde yengeza umdlalo we-Scramble, uhlobo lomdlalo wephazili lapho kufanele wenze isithombe ngamaphazili ahlakazekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicelo zezinkampani zangaphandle zingengezwa ku-IBM Simon ngekhadi le-PCMCIA noma ngokudawuniloda uhlelo lokusebenza ku-.

1994 Umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe kaToshiba kanye nenkampani yaseDenmark iHagenuk iqala emakethe - ifoni MT-2000 ngesicelo sehlelo - Tetris. U-Khagenyuk ube ngomunye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa iphazili yango-1984 eklanywe unjiniyela wesoftware waseRussia u-Alexei Pajitnov. Idivayisi ifakwe okhiye abahlelekayo abangasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene njengoba kudingeka. Futhi bekuyifoni yokuqala enothi olwakhelwe ngaphakathi.

1996 UPalm ukhiphe i-PDA yokuqala eyimpumelelo emhlabeni, i-Pilot 1000 (3), eyafaka umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kwama-smartphones nemidlalo. I-PDA ilingana ephaketheni lehembe, inikela nge-16 MHz yamandla ekhompiyutha, futhi inkumbulo yangaphakathi engu-128 KB ingagcina othintana nabo abangafika kwabangu-500. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibinohlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo lokuqaphela ukubhala ngesandla kanye nekhono lokuvumelanisa i-Palm Pilot nawo womabili ama-PC namakhompyutha we-Mac, okunqume impumelelo yale khompyutha yomuntu siqu. Iqoqo lokuqala lezinhlelo zokusebenza lalihlanganisa ikhalenda, ibhuku lamakheli, uhlu lwezinto okufanele zenziwe, amanothi, isichazamazwi, isibali, ukuphepha, ne-HotSync. Isicelo somdlalo weSolitaire sakhiwe yi-Geoworks. I-Palm Pilot yasebenza ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Palm OS futhi yasebenza amasonto ambalwa ngamabhethri e-AAA amabili.

1997 INokia iyethula Imodeli yefoni 6110 ngomdlalo Inyoka (4). Kusukela manje, zonke izingcingo zakwaNokia zizofika nohlelo lokusebenza lwenyoka edla amachashazi. Umbhali wohlelo lokusebenza u-Taneli Armanto, unjiniyela wesoftware ovela enkampanini yaseFinland, ungumlandeli wangasese womdlalo wekhompyutha i-Snake. Umdlalo ofanayo wavela ngo-1976 njenge-Blockade nezinguqulo zawo ezilandelayo: i-Nibbler, i-Worm noma i-Rattler Race. Kodwa u-Snake uyethule emafonini akwaNokia. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-2000, iNokia 3310, enenguqulo eguquliwe yomdlalo weNyoka, yaba enye yezingcingo ezithengiswa kakhulu ze-GSM.

1999 I-WAP izalwa, iphrothokholi yohlelo olungenantambo (5) esekelwa ulimi olusha lwe-WML () − inguqulo ye-HTML eyenziwe lula. Izinga, elakhiwe ekuqaleni kweNokia, lasekelwa inombolo yezinye izinkampani, kuhlanganisa. I-Unwired Planet, i-Ericsson ne-Motorola. Iphrothokholi bekufanele ivumele ukuhlinzekwa nokudayiswa kwezinsizakalo nge-inthanethi. Iqala ukudayiswa ngawo lowo nyaka Nokia 7110, ifoni yokuqala enekhono lokuphequlula i-inthanethi.

I-WAP ixazulule izinkinga nge ukudluliswa kolwazi, ukuntuleka kwesikhala senkumbulo, izikrini ze-LCD ziyethulwa, kanye nendlela yokusebenza kanye nemisebenzi ye-microbrowser. Lokhu kucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe kuvule amathuba amasha ebhizinisi njengokuthengiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngogesi, imidlalo, umculo nevidiyo. Izinkampani zisebenzise indinganiso ukukhokhisa izimali eziphezulu kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhawulelwe kumadivayisi asuka kumkhiqizi oyedwa noma ezinikezwe imodeli eyodwa kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, i-WML isithathelwe indawo yi-Java Micro Edition. I-JME iyabusa amapulatifomu eselula, esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Bada ne-Symbian, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ku-Windows CE, Windows Mobile, ne-Android.

5. Uhlelo lokusebenza olungenantambo olunelogo

2000 Iyaqhubeka ukudayiswa I-smartphone ye-Ericsson R380 enesistimu yokusebenza ye-Symbian. Igama elithi "smartphone", elaqanjwa inkampani yaseSweden, seliphenduke igama elidumile le-multimedia kanye namadivayisi eselula anomsebenzi wokushaya ucingo. I-smartphone yaseSweden ayizange ivelele nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuphela ngemva kokuvula isivalo ngekhibhodi ethulwe. Isofthiwe ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-inthanethi, ubone umbhalo wesandla, noma uphumule ngokudlala i-reverse. I-smartphone yokuqala ayizange ikuvumele ukuthi ufake izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe.

2001 I-Debut yenguqulo yokuqala Symbian, eyakhiwe (eqalwe ngabakwaNokia) ngokusekelwe kusofthiwe ye-Psion's EPOC. I-Symbian iwuhlelo lokusebenza olulungele unjiniyela futhi, ngesinye isikhathi, isistimu yokusebenza yamaselula edume kakhulu emhlabeni. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngemitapo yolwazi ekhiqiza isixhumi esibonakalayo, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zingabhalwa ngezilimi eziningi ezifana ne-Java MIDP, C++ Python, noma i-Adobe Flash.

2001 I-Apple inikeza uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala ITunesfuthi maduze ukumema ukuthi uthenge Esitolo se-iTunes (6). I-iTunes yayisekelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-SoundJam kanye nesofthiwe yomuntu siqu yokudlala umculo wekhompyutha u-Apple ayithenga eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili kunjiniyela u-Casady & Greene.

Okokuqala, uhlelo lokusebenza lwaluvumela izingoma zomuntu ngamunye ukuthi zithengwe ngokusemthethweni nge-inthanethi nakubo bonke abasebenzisi, ngoba i-Apple yayinakekela inguqulo ye-iTunes ye-Windows ebhekelela iqembu elikhulu labasebenzisi. Emahoreni angu-18 nje kwethulwe le nkonzo, sekudayiswe izingoma ezibalelwa ku-275. Uhlelo lokusebenza seluguqule indlela okuthengiswa ngayo umculo namamuvi.

6. Isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-iTunes Store

2002 AbaseCanada bayanikela I-BlackBerry 5810, ifoni esekwe ku-Java ene-imeyili ye-BlackBerry. Iseli libe nesiphequluli se-WAP kanye nesethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi. I-BlackBerry 5810 iphinde yahlinzeka nge-imeyili engenantambo, exhume unomphela ucingo kumaseva enkampani yaseCanada, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele futhi bathole i-imeyili ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokuvuselela ibhokisi labo lokungenayo.

2002 Ifoni yokuqala enohlelo lokusebenza lwe-A-GPS etholakalayo. Ekuqaleni, isevisi yayihlinzekwa yi-Verizon (USA) kubanikazi bamafoni we-Samsung SCH-N300. Ubuchwepheshe be-A-GPS buvumele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezihlobene nokubeka, kuhlanganisa. "Thola Okuseduze", njenge-ATM, ikheli, noma ngolwazi lomgwaqo.

2005 Julayi I-Google ithenga i-Android Inc. ngezigidi ezingu-$50 Le nkampani yaziwa ngesoftware yayo yekhamera yedijithali. Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho owayazi ukuthi abasunguli abathathu be-Android babesebenza kanzima ohlelweni lokusebenza olungaqhudelana ne-Symbian. Ngenkathi abathuthukisi beqhubeka nokwakha isistimu yokusebenza ku-Linux kernel yamadivayisi eselula, i-Google ibifuna amadivayisi e-Android. Ifoni yokuqala ye-Android kwakuyi-HTC Dream (7), eyaqala ukudayiswa ngo-2008.

7. I-HTC Dream iyi-smartphone yokuqala ye-Android

Agasti 2005 I-BlackBerry inikeza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-BBM, i-BlackBerry Messenger (8). Uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwaseCanada kanye nevidiyo yocingo lufakazele ukuthi luvikeleke ngokwedlulele futhi alunawo ugaxekile. Imilayezo ingatholwa kuphela kubantu abengezwe ngaphambilini ohlwini lwamameyili, futhi ngenxa yokubethela okuvikelwe kwe-BBM, imilayezo ayihloliwe noma ayigetshengwa uma kuthuthwa. Abantu baseCanada baphinde benza i-BlackBerry messenger yabo yatholakala kubasebenzisi be-iOS kanye ne-Android device. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-BBM lube nokulandwa kwezigidi ezingu-10 ngosuku lwayo lokuqala, kanye nezigidi ezingu-20 evikini lokuqala.

8. Isicelo BlackBerry Messenger

2007 yethula isizukulwane sokuqala se-iPhone futhi isetha indinganiso ye-iOS. Isikhathi sasiphelele: ngo-2006, kwathengiswa izingoma ezirekhodiwe eziyibhiliyoni ku-iTunes Store. Imisebenzi ibize idivayisi ye-Apple ethulwe ngokuthi "inguquko futhi inomlingo." Uwachaze njengenhlanganisela yamadivaysi eselula amathathu: "i-iPod yesikrini esibanzi enezinkinobho zokuthinta"; "Umakhalekhukhwini wenguquko"; kanye "nokuphumelela ekuthumeleni imiyalezo esheshayo". Uveze ukuthi ifoni inesibuko esikhulu sokuthinta esingenayo ikhibhodi, kodwa enobuchwepheshe beMulti-Touch.

Ezinye izinto ezintsha, isibonelo, ukuzungezisa kwesithombe esikrinini kuye ngokulungiselelwa kwedivayisi (iqondile-evundlile), ikhono lokufaka izingoma namamuvi kumemori yefoni usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-iTunes bese upheqa iwebhu usebenzisa isiphequluli seSafari. Lo mqhudelwano wahlehla amahlombe, kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha amakhasimende aphuthuma ezitolo. I-iPhone ishintshe imakethe yama-smartphone kanye nemikhuba yabasebenzisi bayo. NgoJulayi 2008, i-Apple yethula i-App Store, inkundla yohlelo lokusebenza lwedijithali ye-iPad, iPhone, ne-iPod touch.

2008 I-Google yethula i-Android Market (manje eyi-Google Play Store) ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokukhishwa komkhiqizo ophambili wakwa-Apple. I-Google isu layo lokuthuthukisa Isistimu ye-Android ugxile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza obekumele zitholakale mahhala futhi mahhala Emakethe ye-Android. Umncintiswano we-"Android Developer Challenge I" umenyezelwe, futhi ababhali bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithakazelisa kakhulu - Iphakheji ye-SDK, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nemiyalelo yonjiniyela. Imiphumela ibihlaba umxhwele ngoba besingekho isikhala esanele esitolo sazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.

2009 I-Rovio, inkampani yaseFinland esonqenqemeni lokuqothuka, yengeze i-Angry Birds ku-App Store. Umdlalo wayinqoba ngokushesha iFinland, wangena ekukhangiseni umdlalo wesonto, kwase kuqhuma okulandiwe okwalandela. NgoMeyi 2012, i-Angry Birds yaba uhlelo lokusebenza #1 ngokulandwa okungaphezulu kwezigidigidi ezi-2 ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene. Izinguqulo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza, izengezo, futhi ngo-2016 kwadalwa ikhathuni mayelana nokufika komhlambi wezinyoni.

2010 Isicelo saziwa njengezwi lonyaka. Igama lobuchwepheshe elidumile lagqanyiswa yi-American Dialect Society ngoba leli gama lidale intshisekelo enkulu kubantu kulo nyaka.

2020 Uchungechunge lwezicelo zokuxhumana ngobungozi (9). Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula ziba ingxenye ebalulekile yesu lokulwa nobhubhane lomhlaba wonke.

9. Uhlelo lokusebenza lobhubhane lwase-Singapore TraceTogether