Izinganekwane mayelana nama-microchips afakelwayo. Ezweni lamatulo namademoni

Inganekwane edumile yozungu lwesifo ukuthi uBill Gates (1) ubehlele iminyaka ukusebenzisa izimila ezifakelwayo noma ezijovwe ukulwa nalolu bhubhane, acabanga ukuthi uludalele le njongo. Konke lokhu ukuze ukwazi ukulawula isintu, ukuqapha, futhi kwezinye izinguqulo ngisho ukubulala abantu kude.

Abacwaningi bozungu ngezinye izikhathi bathola imibiko emidala evela kumasayithi obuchwepheshe mayelana namaphrojekthi. ama-chips amancane wezokwelapha noma mayelana “namachashazi e-quantum”, okwakufanele abe “ubufakazi obusobala” balokho ababephezu kwakho itulo lokufaka amadivaysi okulandela umkhondo ngaphansi kwesikhumba sabantu futhi, ngokweminye imibiko, ngisho nokulawula abantu. Ivezwe nakwezinye izihloko kulo magazini i-micro chip ngokuvula amasango emahhovisi noma ngokuvumela inkampani ukuthi iqhube umenzi wekhofi noma umshini wokufothokhopha, yaphila ngokuvumelana nenganekwane yabamnyama "yethuluzi lokugadwa njalo kwabasebenzi ngumqashi."

Akusebenzi kanjalo

Eqinisweni, yonke le nganekwane mayelana "nokuchipha" isekelwe embonweni oyiphutha ngakho. ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-microchipetholakalayo njengamanje. Umsuka walezi zinganekwane ungalandelelwa emuva kumamuvi noma izincwadi zezinganekwane zesayensi. Cishe akuhlangene neqiniso.

Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ku izimila ezinikezwa izisebenzi zezinkampani esibhala ngazo azihlukile kokhiye be-elekthronikhi nezihlonzi izisebenzi eziningi ezizifaka ezintanyeni zazo isikhathi eside. Ibuye ifane kakhulu ne ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe emakhadini okukhokha (2) noma ezithuthweni zomphakathi (iziqinisekisi eziseduze). Lawa amadivaysi e-Pacemakers futhi awanawo amabhethri, ngaphandle kokunye okuphawulekayo okunjengezihlinzeki zenhliziyo. Futhi ayinayo imisebenzi ye-geolocation, i-GPS, ethwala izigidigidi zabantu ngaphandle kokubhuka okukhethekile, ama-smartphone.

2. Ikhadi lokukhokha le-chip

Kumafilimu, sivame ukubona ukuthi, isibonelo, amaphoyisa ahlala ebona ukunyakaza kwesigebengu noma umsolwa esikrinini sabo. Ngesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka uma othile abelana nabo WhatsApp. Idivayisi ye-GPS ayisebenzi ngaleyo ndlela. Ibonisa izindawo ngesikhathi sangempela, kodwa ngezikhathi ezivamile njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10 noma engu-30. Futhi njalo inqobo nje uma idivayisi inomthombo wamandla. Ama-microchips afakelwayo awanawo owawo umthombo wamandla ozimele. Ngokuvamile, ukunikezwa kwamandla kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko kanye nemikhawulo yalo mkhakha wobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwamandla, ubukhulu bezinti bungumkhawulo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ebangeni lokusebenza. Ngokwemvelo yezinto, "izinhlamvu zelayisi" ezincane kakhulu (3), ezivame ukuvezwa emibonweni emnyama yezinzwa, zinezimpondo ezincane kakhulu. Kuyoba njalo ukudluliswa kwesignali ngokuvamile isebenza, i-chip kufanele ibe seduze nomfundi, ezimweni eziningi kufanele iyithinte ngokomzimba.

Amakhadi okufinyelela esivame ukuwaphatha, kanye namakhadi okukhokha ama-chip, asebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi makhulu ngosayizi, ngakho angakwazi ukusebenzisa i-antenna enkulu kakhulu, evumela ukuthi asebenze kude nomfundi. Kodwa noma ngalawa ma-antenna amakhulu, ibanga lokufunda lifushane kakhulu.

3. I-Microchip yokufakelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba

Ukuze umqashi alandelele indawo yomsebenzisi ehhovisi kanye nawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, njengoba izazi ze-conspiracy zicabanga, uzodinga inani elikhulu labafundilokhu empeleni kuzodingeka ukuthi kukhave yonke isentimitha yesikwele sehhovisi. Sizodinga futhi isib. isandla esine-microchip efakiwe sondela ezindongeni ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungcono usazithinta, ukuze i-microprocessor ihlale "i-ping". Kungaba lula kakhulu kubo ukuthola ikhadi lakho lokufinyelela elisebenzayo noma ukhiye, kodwa ngisho nalokho akwenzeki uma kunikezwe ububanzi bokufunda bamanje.

Uma ihhovisi lidinga isisebenzi ukuthi siskene lapho singena futhi siphuma kuwo wonke amagumbi ehhovisi, futhi umazisi waso uhlotshaniswa nawo mathupha, futhi othile ahlaziye le datha, anganquma ukuthi yimaphi amagumbi isisebenzi esingene kuwo. Kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi umqashi afune ukukhokhela isixazululo esizomtshela ukuthi abantu abasebenzayo bahamba kanjani ehhovisi. Empeleni, kungani edinga idatha enjalo. Nokho, ngaphandle kokuthi angathanda ukwenza ucwaningo ukuze aklame kangcono ukuhlelwa kwamakamelo kanye nabasebenzi basehhovisi, kodwa lezi ziyizidingo eziqondile.

Okwamanje iyatholakala emakethe Ama-microchips afakelwayo awanazo izinzwaezingakala noma yimiphi imingcele, impilo noma enye into, ukuze isetshenziswe ekuphetheni ukuthi okwamanje usebenza noma wenza enye into. Kunocwaningo lwezokwelapha oluningi lwe-nanotechnology lokuthuthukisa izinzwa ezincane zokuxilonga nokwelapha izifo, njengokuqapha ushukela wesifo sikashukela, kodwa, njengezixazululo eziningi ezifanayo nezinto ezigqokwayo, zixazulula izinkinga ezishiwo ngenhla zokudla okunomsoco.

Konke kungagetshengwa, kodwa ukufakwa kushintsha okuthile lapha?

Okuvame kakhulu namuhla izindlela ze-passive chip, esetshenziswa ku I-inthanethi yezinto, amakhadi okufinyelela, omaka be-ID, izinkokhelo, i-RFID ne-NFC. Zombili zitholakala kuma-microchips afakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

RFID I-RFID isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukudlulisa idatha futhi inike amandla isistimu ye-elekthronikhi eyenza umaka wento, umfundi ukukhomba into. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubhalele ohlelweni lwe-RFID. Ngokuya ngomklamo, ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde amalebula ukusuka ebangeni elingafika kumashumi amaningana amasentimitha noma amamitha ambalwa ukusuka ku-antenna yokufunda.

Ukusebenza kwesistimu kanje: umfundi usebenzisa i-antenna ukukhiqiza igagasi kazibuthe kagesi, i-antenna efanayo noma yesibili ithola amagagasi kagesiabe esehlungwa futhi akhishwe ukuze afunde izimpendulo zethegi.

Omaki be-Passive abanawo amandla abo. Njengoba besensimini ye-electromagnetic ye-resonant frequency, baqongelela amandla atholakele ku-capacitor equkethwe ekwakhiweni kwethegi. Imvamisa esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-125 kHz, evumela ukufunda kusuka ebangeni elingeqile ku-0,5 m. Izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokurekhoda nokufunda, zisebenza ngefrikhwensi engu-13,56 MHz futhi zinikeza ibanga lemitha elilodwa ukuya kumamitha ambalwa. . . Amanye amaza okusebenza - 868, 956 MHz, 2,4 GHz, 5,8 GHz - ahlinzeka ngobubanzi obufika ku-3 ngisho namamitha angu-6.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID esetshenziswa ukumaka izimpahla ezithuthiwe, imithwalo yomoya kanye nezimpahla ezitolo. Isetshenziselwa ukusika izilwane ezifuywayo. Abaningi bethu bahamba nayo usuku lonke esikhwameni sethu semali emakhadini okukhokha kanye namakhadi okufinyelela. Omakhalekhukhwini abaningi besimanje bafakwe RFID, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhadi angathintwa, amaphasi ezithuthi zomphakathi namaphasipoti kagesi.

Ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane, I-NFC (Near Field Communication) izinga lokuxhumana ngomsakazo elivumela ukuxhumana okungenantambo ebangeni elingafika kumasentimitha angama-20. Lobu buchwepheshe buyisandiso esilula sezinga lekhadi le-ISO/IEC 14443 lekhadi elingenakuxhumana. Amadivayisi we-NFC ingakwazi ukuxhumana namadivayisi akhona e-ISO/IEC 14443 (amakhadi nezifundi) kanye namanye amadivaysi e-NFC. I-NFC ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kumaselula.

Imvamisa ye-NFC ngu-13,56 MHz ± 7 kHz futhi umkhawulokudonsa ngu-106, 212, 424 noma 848 kbps. I-NFC isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kune-Bluetooth futhi inobubanzi obufushane kakhulu, kodwa idla amandla amancane futhi ayidingi ukubhanqa. Nge-NFC, esikhundleni sokusetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlonza idivayisi, uxhumano phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili lusungulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwesekhondi.

Imodi ye-NFC engenzi lutho ukuthwasa idivayisi yakha inkambu ye-electromagnetic, futhi idivayisi eqondiwe iphendula ngokumodela le nkambu. Kule modi, idivayisi okuqondiswe kuyo inikwa amandla amandla kazibuthe kagesi wedivayisi yokuqalisa, ukuze idivayisi okuqondiswe kuyo isebenze njenge-transponder. Kumodi esebenzayo, kokubili idivayisi eqalisayo neqondiwe iyaxhumana, ikhiqiza amasignali enye nenye ngokushintshana. Idivayisi ikhubaza inkambu yayo ye-electromagnetic ngenkathi ilinde idatha. Kule modi, zombili izisetshenziswa ngokuvamile zidinga amandla. I-NFC iyahambisana nengqalasizinda ye-RFID ekhona.

RFID futhi kunjalo I-NFCnjenganoma iyiphi indlela esekelwe ekudluliselweni nasekugcinweni kwedatha ingagqekezwa. UMark Gasson, omunye wabacwaningi eSikoleni Sobunjiniyela Bezinhlelo eNyuvesi Yokufunda, ubonise ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo azivikelekile ku-malware.

Ngo-2009, uGasson wafaka ithegi ye-RFID engalweni yakhe yesobunxele.futhi ngemva konyaka wayishintsha ukuze iphatheke kalula Igciwane lekhompyutha. Ukuhlolwa kwakuhilela ukuthumela ikheli lewebhu kukhompuyutha exhunywe kumfundi, okubangele ukuthi uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lulandwe. Ngakho Ithegi ye-RFID ingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlasela. Nokho, noma iyiphi idivayisi, njengoba sazi kahle, ingaba ithuluzi elinjalo ezandleni kubaduni. Umehluko ongokwengqondo nge-chip efakiwe ukuthi kunzima ukuyikhipha uma ingaphansi kwesikhumba.

Umbuzo uhlala umayelana nenhloso yokugebenga okunjalo. Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi othile, ngokwesibonelo, angathanda ukuthola ikhophi engekho emthethweni yethokheni yokufinyelela yenkampani ngokugebenga i-chip, ngaleyo ndlela athole ukufinyelela emagcekeni nasemishinini enkampanini, kunzima ukubona umehluko ngokubi kakhulu. uma le chip ifakwe. Kodwa masikhulume iqiniso. Umhlaseli angenza okufanayo ngekhadi lokufinyelela, amaphasiwedi, noma olunye uhlobo lokuhlonza, ngakho-ke i-chip efakiwe ayisebenzi. Ungakwazi ngisho nokusho ukuthi lesi yisinyathelo sokuphepha, ngoba awukwazi ukulahlekelwa futhi kunalokho untshontshe.

Ukufunda ingqondo? Amahlaya mahhala

Asiqhubeke siye endaweni \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbyezinganekwane ehlobene nayo ubuchopho i izimila kusekelwe I-interface BCIesibhala ngayo komunye umbhalo kulolu hlelo lweMT. Mhlawumbe kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akukho neyodwa eyaziwa namuhla chips zobuchophoIsibonelo. ama-electrode atholakala ku-motor cortex ukwenza kusebenze ukunyakaza kwezitho zokufakelwa, abakwazi ukufunda okuqukethwe yimicabango futhi abakwazi ukufinyelela imizwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho okungenzeka ukuthi ukufundile ezihlokweni ezivusa amadlingozi, ososayensi bezinzwa abakaqondi ukuthi imicabango, imizwelo, kanye nezinhloso kuhlanganiswa kanjani ekwakhekeni kwemizwa yezinzwa egeleza kumasekhethi emizwa.

Okwanamuhla Amadivayisi we-BCI basebenza ngesimiso sokuhlaziya idatha, efana ne-algorithm ebikezela esitolo se-Amazon ukuthi iyiphi i-CD noma incwadi esingathanda ukuyithenga ngokulandelayo. Amakhompiyutha aqapha ukuhamba komsebenzi kagesi atholwa ngokufakelwa kobuchopho noma i-electrode pad ekhishwayo afunda ukubona ukuthi iphethini yalowo msebenzi ishintsha kanjani lapho umuntu enza umnyakazo ohlosiwe. Kodwa nakuba ama-microelectrode engaxhunywa kuyi-neuron eyodwa, ososayensi bezinzwa abakwazi ukucacisa umsebenzi wayo njengokungathi ikhodi yekhompyutha.

Kumelwe basebenzise ukufunda komshini ukuze babone amaphethini kumsebenzi kagesi wama-neurons ahambisana nezimpendulo zokuziphatha. Lezi zinhlobo zama-BCI zisebenza ngomgomo wokuhlanganisa, ongaqhathaniswa nokucindezela i-clutch emotweni ngokusekelwe kumsindo wenjini ozwakalayo. Futhi njengoba nje abashayeli bezimoto zomjaho bekwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokunemba kobuciko, indlela yokuxhumanisa indoda nomshini ingasebenza kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile akusebenzi "ngokufunda okuqukethwe yingqondo yakho".

4. I-smartphone njengendlela yokugada

Amadivayisi we-BCI awawona kuphela ubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo. Ubuchopho ngokwabo budlala indima enkulu. Ngenqubo ende yokuzama nokwenza iphutha, ingqondo ngandlela thize ivuzwa ngokubona impendulo ehlosiwe, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifunda ukukhiqiza isignali kagesi ebonwa yikhompyutha.

Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqaphela, futhi ososayensi abaqondi kahle ukuthi ubuchopho bukufeza kanjani lokhu. Lokhu kuqhelelene nokwesaba okuvusa amadlingozi okuhambisana ne-spectrum yokulawula ingqondo. Kodwa-ke, ake ucabange ukuthi sithole ukuthi ulwazi lufakwa kanjani ngekhodi kumaphethini okudubula ama-neurons. Bese sithi sifuna ukwethula umcabango ongaziwa ngokufakelwa kobuchopho, njengasochungechungeni lwe-Black Mirror. Kusenezithiyo eziningi okufanele zinqotshwe, futhi yisayensi yezinto eziphilayo, hhayi ubuchwepheshe, okuyibhodlela langempela. Ngisho noma senza lula ikhodi ye-neural ngokunikeza ama-neurons isimo "sokuvula" noma "sokucisha" kunethiwekhi yama-neurons angu-300 nje, sisenezimo ezingaba ngu-2300 ezingaba khona—ngaphezu kwawo wonke ama-athomu asendaweni yonke eyaziwayo. Kukhona cishe ama-neuron ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-85 ebuchosheni bomuntu.

Ngamafuphi, ukusho ukuthi sikude kakhulu “nokufunda izingqondo” kusho ukukubeka ngobunono. Sesisondele kakhulu ekubeni "singazi" ukuthi kwenzekani ebuchosheni obukhulu futhi obuyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba sizichazile ukuthi ama-microchips, nakuba ehlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezithile, anamandla alinganiselwe, futhi izimila zobuchopho azinalo ithuba lokufunda izingqondo zethu, ake sizibuze ukuthi kungani umshini othumela ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ungakubangeli okunjalo. imizwelo. mayelana nokunyakaza kwethu nokuziphatha kwansuku zonke ku-Google, i-Apple, i-Facebook nezinye izinkampani nezinhlangano eziningi ezaziwa kancane kunokufakwa kwe-RFID okuthobekile. Sikhuluma nge-smartphone yethu esiyintandokazi (4), engaqapheli kuphela, kodwa futhi elawula kakhulu. Awudingi icebo lamademoni likaBill Gates noma into engaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze uhambe nale "chip", uhlale unathi.