Izindlela nezindlela zokucubungula uphethiloli

Izinto ezinikeza amandla ashisayo uma zishisiwe futhi ziyimpahla yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zibizwa ngokuthi amafutha. Kusukela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi itholakala ngenxa yokucubungula, noma imvelo ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni, ihlukaniswe ibe yokwenziwa kanye nemvelo.

Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-chem yesimanje. imboni kanye neminye imikhakha yomsebenzi, ukucubungula uphethiloli kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinga lamafutha atholakele kanye nezinto zokugcoba nezinye izinto zincike kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uthola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-hydrocarbon, ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wezwe. Lawa amafutha e-diesel (ihlobo nobusika), uphethiloli, uphalafini neminye imikhiqizo ebalulekile.

Ngenxa yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isintu sathola amafutha abalulekile nezinto zokugcoba

Izindlela zokucubungula amafutha ngokuya ngesimo sokuhlanganisa

Ukuze kube lula, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa zonke izinhlobo, zombili zemvelo nezokwenziwa: ngokuya ngesimo sokuhlanganisa abakuso. Yona:

• Okuqinile.
• Uketshezi.
• Igesi.

Ngenxa yezokuthutha zayo ezilula nezishibhile ngamapayipi, igesi iya ngokuya isetshenziswa njengophethiloli wokushisisa indawo kanye nasemkhakheni wezimboni.

Ungakhetha amafutha ekhwalithi yezidingo zakho azohlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokudlulisa ukushisa. 

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe

Izindlela zokucubungula amafutha angama-liquid 

Amafutha ayisisekelo samandla, uphethiloli, 80-85% ohlanganisa isethi eyinkimbinkimbi yama-carbon. Ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-14% kubalwa yi-hydrogen, okunye ukungcola okuqinile. Iwukucutshungulwa kukawoyela kuphethiloli kadizili, uphethiloli nezinye izinto ezivuthayo okuyimboni ehlinzeka umphakathi ngezinto zokubasa nezinto zokugcoba ezibalulekile.

Ngaphambi kokuba icutshungulwe, ithunyelwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuhlukanisa, lapho ukungcola kuhlukaniswa khona namagesi nophethiloli. Lezi zinqubo zenzeka ngokucindezela amagesi ngokupholisa kwawo okulandelayo. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uthole uphethiloli ngendlela yawo ewuketshezi.

Kukhona enye indlela: igesi iqhutshwa ngamafutha elanga, futhi uphethiloli ukhishwa kalula. Esigabeni esilandelayo, igesi ingasetshenziswa kakade, futhi ithunyelwa esiteshini se-compressor. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwegesi, uwoyela uhlanzwa emanzini, usawoti, ubumba, isihlabathi, nezinye izingxenye.

Ukuze imboni ithole imikhiqizo yokucwenga uwoyela - uphethiloli wedizili, uphethiloli nezinye izinto, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezi-2:

1.Okomzimba (i-distillation). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kube izingxenyana (izingxenye). Le nqubo yenzeka ngezigaba ezi-2: uwoyela wenjini ukhishwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Yile ndlela uwoyela kaphethiloli okhishwa ngayo, bese icutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum kanye nokufakwa okukhethekile. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthola kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-25% kaphethiloli ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.

I-distillation idinga imishini ekhethekile: ukufakwa kwe-atmospheric noma i-atmospheric-vacuum. Aqukethe isithando somlilo seshubhu, izishintshi zokushisa, amaphampu, i-spec. amadivaysi. Ngosizo lwabo, amafutha ayashiswa, futhi, abilayo, aphenduka igesi, futhi, ehlukanisa, akhuphuke, futhi amafutha ophethiloli ageleza phansi.

2.Amakhemikhali (i-pyrolysis, ukuqhekeka, njll.). Izindlela ezinjalo ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu, njengoba zikhiqiza imikhiqizo engcono, futhi ngevolumu enkulu. Ukuqhekeka kuyinqubo yamakhemikhali neyokushisa yokuhlukaniswa kwama-molecule e-hydrocarbon esindayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala imikhiqizo enesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana. Le ndlela inikeza u-70% kaphethiloli ovela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.

Phakathi kokuphuma kokucwenga uwoyela, kunamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:

• I-fuel (i-boiler, i-jet kanye ne-motor).
• Amafutha (amafutha obuchwepheshe namafutha).
• Okunye (ibitume, upharafini, ama-asidi, i-petroleum jelly, ipulasitiki, njll.).

Manje ukucutshungulwa kwamafutha ku-diesel kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuvamile kwamabhizinisi amaningi. I-diesel fuel isetshenziselwa ujantshi, umgwaqo, ukuthutha kwezempi. Uphethiloli we-diesel nawo ungumkhiqizo oshibhile wokushisa, ukugcwalisa uphethiloli nama-boilers amancane. Namuhla, uphethiloli we-diesel wezinga eliphezulu ufunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

Imikhiqizo kawoyela ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezehlukene zomnotho wezwe 

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula amafutha aqinile

I-Peat, i-anthracite, i-lignite namalahle aqinile abhekana nezinqubo ze-multiphase. Ukucutshungulwa kwezibaseli eziqinile kuwukuguqulwa okungeyona i-catalytic emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, lapho ehlukana khona abe insalela eqinile, igesi noketshezi. Kunezindlela ezi-4: i-hydrogenation ebhubhisayo, i-coking, i-semi-coking kanye ne-gasification.

Ngaphambi kokuthumela amalahle ukuze aphekwe, ayahlungwa, achotshozwe, anothiswe futhi aphelelwe amanzi. Inqubo yenzeka kuhhavini we-coke amahora angu-13-14. Igesi etholwe ngale ndlela iqukethe inani lezinhlanganisela ezibalulekile: i-benzene, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, imfucuza yokukhiqiza kanye nodoti kuyashiswa esithandweni. Umphumela uba: ama-resin, igesi, i-coke ne-semi-coke, i-slag equkethe i-minsol, esikhundleni semikhiqizo ye-petroleum, okuhlanganisa uphalafini, uphethiloli wedizili, uphethiloli, njll. 

Ukuguqulwa kwamatshe aqinile kuveza imikhiqizo ebalulekile embonini

Ukucutshungulwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kukaphethiloli we-diesel kusuka ezitshalweni ezihamba phambili

Ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli we-diesel kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi engenziwa kuphela umshini omkhulu wokuhluza uwoyela ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izigaba zobuchwepheshe. Ukuze uthole uphethiloli we-diesel wekhwalithi ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile zonke izigaba. Ukucutshungulwa kwamafutha edizili kunezigaba ezintathu:

• Ukucubungula okuyisisekelo.
• ukucubungula okwesibili.
• Ukuxuba izingxenye.

Izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene zengezwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nezakhiwo zabathengi zikaphethiloli we-diesel.

Kunzima ukukhetha inhlobo ebanzi kaphethiloli uwedwa. Ungacela usizo kubaphathi be-LLC TK "AMOKS". Le nkampani kaphethiloli isineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi isebenza emakethe. Isisebenzi sethu sizokusiza ukuthi ukhethe inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe, ubale izindleko zikaphethiloli, uchaze imigomo yokukhokha nokulethwa. Sinikeza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngamanani afanelekile. Xhumana nathi njengamanje, sizokujabulela ukubambisana!

Ukulethwa ngesikhathi kwesikhathi kophethiloli wedizili, uphethiloli, okokubasa kanye nezinto zokugcoba kunoma iyiphi ivolumu

Noma yimiphi imibuzo?