Ama-mechanical blowers. Yini izi

Enqubweni yokukhiqiza imoto, onjiniyela abacabangi nje kuphela ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukubukeka kwesimanje nokuphepha kwesigaba sokuqala. Namuhla, izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zezimoto zizama ukwenza okuncane futhi zithole ukusebenza kahle okwengeziwe. Ukwethulwa kwe-supercharger engumshini kungenye yalezo zindlela - "ukukhipha" ubukhulu, ngisho nenjini encane engu-3-cylinder.

Iyini i-compressor yemishini, ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani futhi isebenza kanjani, yiziphi izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi - ake sikhulume ngalokhu kamuva.

Yini i-supercharger yomshini

I-blower mechanical iyithuluzi elinikeza umoya ngenkani ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ukukhulisa ubukhulu benhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli. I-compressor iqhutshwa ngokuzungezisa i-crankshaft pulley, njengomthetho, idivayisi idluliselwa ngebhande. Ukucindezelwa komoya okuphoqiwe kusetshenziswa i-mechanical turbocharger kunikeza amandla angeziwe angama-30-50% wamandla alinganisiwe (ngaphandle kwe-compressor).

Isebenza kanjani ingcindezi yemishini

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lokuklama, zonke iziphepho zenzelwe ukucindezela umoya. I-compressor yedrayivu iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha nje lapho imoto iqala. I-crankshaft, ngokusebenzisa i-pulley, idlulisela i-torque ku-compressor, bese kuthi, ngokushintshanisa ama-blade noma ama-rotor, icindezela umoya wokungenisa, iwunikeze ngenkani kumasilinda wenjini. Ngendlela, isivinini sokusebenza se-compressor siphindwe kaningi kunejubane le-crankshaft yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ingcindezi eyenziwe yi-compressor ingaba ngeyangaphakathi (idalwe iyunithi uqobo) nangaphandle (ingcindezi idalwa kulayini wokukhipha).

Imishini yokucindezela imishini

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-blower drive luqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• ngqo i-compressor;
• mpintsha valve;
• dlula i-valve nge-damper;
• isihlungi somoya;
• inzwa yengcindezi;
• inzwa yokushisa yomoya eningi, kanye nenzwa yengcindezi ephelele.

Ngendlela, kuma-compressors okucindezela kwawo okusebenzayo akudluli ibha engu-0,5, ukufakwa kwe-intercooler akudingeki - kwanele ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokupholisa olujwayelekile futhi unikeze i-inlet ebandayo ekwakhiweni.

Isishayisi somoya silawulwa yisimo sokumpintsha. Lapho injini idling, kunethuba lokucindezelwa ngokweqile ohlelweni lokudla, oluzosheshe luholele ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwe-compressor, ngakho-ke kunikezwa i-damper yokudlula lapha. Omunye walo moya ubuyela emuva ku-compressor.

Uma uhlelo lufakwe i-intercooler, izinga lokucindezelwa komoya lizoba phezulu ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngama-10-15 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi liphansi, ngcono inqubo yokuvutha yenzeka, ukuvela kwe-detonation kukhishwe, injini izosebenza ngokuzinza. 

Izinhlobo ze-mechanical pressurization drive

Emashumini eminyaka asebenzisa i-mechanical compressor, abenzi bezimoto basebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokushayela, okungukuthi:

• ukushayela okuqondile - ngokuqondile ekuhlanganyeleni okuqinile ne-crankshaft flange;
• ibhande. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Amabhande aguqiwe, amabhande abushelelezi namabhande we-ribbed angasetshenziswa. Idrayivu ibonwa ngokugqokwa kwebhande okusheshayo, kanye nethuba lokushibilika, ikakhulukazi enjinini ebandayo;
• iketango - elifana nebhande, kodwa linobubi bomsindo okhulayo;
• igiya - kuphinde kube nomsindo owedlulele kanye nobukhulu obukhulu besakhiwo.

IContrifugal compressor

Izinhlobo zama-compressors wokukhanda

Uhlobo ngalunye lwabashayayo lunempahla yokusebenza yomuntu ngamunye, futhi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zazo:

• i-compressor ye-centrifugal. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olubukeka lufana kakhulu ne-exhaust gas turbocharger (umnenke). Isebenzisa i-impeller, isivinini sokujikeleza esifinyelela ku-60 rpm. Umoya ungena engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-compressor ngesivinini esikhulu nokucindezela okuphansi, futhi ekuphumeni isithombe siyahlehliswa - umoya unikezwa kumasilinda ngokucindezela okukhulu, kodwa ngesivinini esiphansi. Ezimotweni zesimanje, lolu hlobo lwe-supercharger lusetshenziswa kanye ne-turbocharger ukugwema i-turbo lag. Ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nezimo zesikhashana, idrayivu "umnenke" izohlinzeka ngomoya ocindezelwe ngokuzinzile;
• isikulufu. Izakhi eziyinhloko zesakhiwo yizikulufa ezimbili ze-conical (izikulufu) ezifakwe ngokuhambisana. Umoya, ungena ku-compressor, kuqala udlula engxenyeni ebanzi, bese ucindezelwa ngenxa yokujikeleza kwezikulufu ezimbili eziphendukela ngaphakathi. Ngokuyinhloko zifakwe ezimotweni ezibizayo, futhi intengo ye-compressor enjalo ngokwayo ikhulu - ubunzima bokuklama nokusebenza kahle kuthinta;
• cam (Izimpande). Ingenye yama-supercharger okuqala afakwa ezinjinini zezimoto. Izimpande zingama-rotors anesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi sephrofayili. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, umoya uhamba phakathi kwamakhamera nodonga lwezindlu, ngaleyo ndlela ucindezele. Okubi kakhulu ukwakheka kwengcindezi eyeqile, ngakho-ke, idizayini ihlinzeka nge-clutch kagesi yokulawula i-compressor, noma i-valve eyedlula.

Iscrew compressor

Ama-mechanical compressors angatholakala ezimotweni ezivela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo: i-Audi, iMercedes-Benz, iCadillac nezinye. Afakwe kuma-motors aphezulu, noma emotweni encane ehambisana ne-turbine enikwe amandla kagesi.

Izimpande zeCompressor

Izinzuzo nobubi besekethe enkulu esetshenziswayo

Ngokuqondene nokubi:

• ukushayela i-compressor ngokushayela kusuka ku-crankshaft, ngaleyo ndlela i-supercharger isusa ingxenye yamandla, yize iyikhokhela ngempumelelo;
• izinga lomsindo eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngejubane eliphakathi neliphezulu;
• ekucindezelweni okuncane ngaphezu kwebha engu-5, kuyadingeka ukushintsha ukwakhiwa kwenjini (faka ama-piston aqinile ngezinduku zokuxhuma, unciphise isilinganiso sokucindezela ngokufaka u-gilinda omkhulu we-cylinder head gasket, ufake i-intercooler);
• ikhwalithi empofu yama-compressor we-centrifugal angajwayelekile.

Ekuzuzweni:

• i-torque ezinzile esivele ngejubane elingenzi lutho;
• ikhono lokusebenzisa imoto ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthola isivinini senjini ngaphezu kwesilinganiso;
• umsebenzi ozinzile ngejubane elikhulu;
• maqondana ne-turbocharger, ama-blower ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwanakekela, futhi asikho isidingo sokwakha kabusha uhlelo lwamafutha ukuze unikeze uwoyela ku-compressor.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isebenza kanjani i-blower engumshini? Indlu ye-blower ine-diffuser. Njengoba i-impeller ijikeleza, umoya uyamuncwa futhi uqondiswe ku-diffuser. Ukusuka lapho, ingena emgodini odla lo moya.

Iyini i-blower engumshini ehloselwe yona futhi isebenza kanjani? Le yunithi yomshini icindezela igesi ngaphandle kokuyipholisa. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-blower (umklamo wendlela yokuqoqa igesi), iyakwazi ukudala ukucindezela kwegesi ngaphezu kwe-15 kPa.

Hlobo luni lwamafutha akhona? Ama-blower avame kakhulu ama-centrifugal. Kukhona futhi isikulufu, ikhamera ne-rotary piston. Ngamunye wabo unezici zayo zokusebenza kanye nokucindezela okukhiqizwa.