I-Mega Cosmos

Njengoba sakha izakhiwo nemishini emikhulu, ephula amarekhodi kanye nemishini Emhlabeni, siphinde sibheke izinto ezinkulu kakhulu endaweni yonke. Kodwa-ke, uhlu lwe-cosmic "olungcono kakhulu" luhlala lushintsha, luvuselelwa futhi lwengezwe, ngaphandle kokuba isilinganiso sokugcina.

iplanethi enkulu

Njengamanje iphezulu ohlwini lwamaplanethi amakhulu kunawo wonke. DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b (igama elithi 2MASS J08230313-4912012 b). Kodwa-ke, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lena insundu ensundu, ngakho-ke into efana nenkanyezi. Ubukhulu bayo buphindwe izikhathi ezingama-28,5 kuneJupiter. Into iphakamisa ukungabaza okufanayo I-HD 100546 б., KULUNGILE. Njengabanduleli bayo, iphinde ibe yinto yesithathu ohlwini lweNASA. I-Keplerem-39p, enesisindo samaJupiter ayishumi nesishiyagalombili.

1. Iplanethi i-DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b kanye nenkanyezi yayo engumzali

Ngoba maqondana Kepler-13 Mayelana, okwesihlanu ohlwini lwamanje lwe-NASA, ayikho imibiko yokungabaza ngokuthi iyinsundu ensundu, kufanele ibhekwe njenge-exoplanet enkulu kunazo zonke okwamanje. Kukhona okuthiwa i-hot supersupply ku-orbit ye-Kepler-13A. I-exoplanet ine-radius engaba ngu-2,2 Jupiter radii, futhi isisindo sayo silinganiselwa ku-9,28 mass Jupiter.

Inkanyezi enkulu

Ngokwezilinganiso zamanje, inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke esiyaziyo SCOOTY INKOMAZI. Yatholwa ngo-1860 yizazi zezinkanyezi zaseJalimane. Ilinganiselwa ukuthi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1708 ± 192 ububanzi beLanga kanye nenani eliphindwe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-21. Uqhudelana noScuti wempama. INQOBA G64 (IRAS 04553-6825) iyi-hypergiant ebomvu kumthala wesathelayithi weLarge Magellanic Cloud kumlaza oseningizimu weDorado. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela ku-2575 ububanzi belanga. Nokho, njengoba kokubili ukuma kwayo nendlela enyakaza ngayo kungavamile, kunzima ukukuqinisekisa lokhu ngokunembile.

2. Yu. Yu. Isihlangu, Ilanga Nomhlaba ngezikali

Umgodi omkhulu omnyama

Izimbobo ezinkulu ezimnyama ziyizinto ezitholakala ezinkabeni zemithala emikhulu enobuningi obuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kunezelanga. Njengamanje kubhekwa njengento enkulu kunazo zonke yalolu hlobo. ISITHOMBE 618, kulinganiselwa ku-6,6 × 10 izixuku zelanga eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Lena i-quasar ekude kakhulu futhi ekhanya ngokwedlulele, etholakala kumlaza wamaHounds.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kosayizi bembobo emnyama enkulu kakhulu i-TON 618 kanye nabanye osayizi be-cosmic

Indawo yesibili S5 0014+81, enesisindo se-4 × 10 billion mass solar, itholakala kumlaza we-Cepheus. Okulandelayo emgqeni uchungechunge lwezimbobo ezimnyama ezinobunzima obulinganiselwa cishe ku-3 × 10 ubuningi bokukhanya kwelanga.

umthala omkhulu

Kuze kube manje, umthala omkhulu kunawo wonke otholakala endaweni yonke (ngokobukhulu, hhayi ubukhulu), IS 1101. Itholakala ku-constellation Virgo, iminyaka engu-1,07 billion light-year ukusuka eMhlabeni. Wabonwa ngoJuni 19, 1890 ngu-Edward Swift. Kwavela ngenxa yalokho. Iyingxenye yeqoqo lemithala Abela 2029 futhi iyisithako sayo esiyinhloko. Ububanzi bayo bucishe bube yiminyaka engu-4 yokukhanya. Iqukethe cishe izinkanyezi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu amane kunomthala wethu, futhi ingaba mkhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngenxa yobuningi bawo begesi nezinto ezimnyama. Eqinisweni, akuwona umthala oyi-elliptical, kodwa umthala we-lenticular.

Nokho, idatha evela ocwaningweni lwakamuva ingase ibonise ukuthi umthala omkhulu kunawo wonke ngosayizi yinto ehlanganiswe eduze komthombo wokukhishwa komsakazo. I-J1420-0545. Kulo nyaka, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lezazi zezinkanyezi limemezele ukutholakala komthala womsakazo omkhulukazi (GRG) ohlotshaniswa ne-galactic triplet eyaziwa ngokuthi YuGK 9555. Imiphumela yethulwa ngoFebhuwari 6 esihlokweni esifakwe ku-arXiv.org. Ebangeni leminyaka yokukhanya engaba izigidi ezingama-820 ukusuka eMhlabeni, i-UGC 9555 iyingxenye yeqoqo elikhulu lemithala eqokwe njenge. I-MSPM 02158. I-GRG esanda kutholwa, engakalitholi igama elisemthethweni, inosayizi womugqa obikezelwe weminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi eziyi-8,34.

"Izindonga" ezinkulu zeCosmic

Udonga Olukhulu (Great Wall CfA2, Great Wall CfA2) iyisakhiwo esikhulu esihlanganisa. Into yayo emaphakathi ithi Iqembu eVarkoche, cishe i-100 MPC (cishe iminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingu-326) kusukela kusistimu yelanga, okuyingxenye Amaqoqo amakhulu ku-coma. Ifinyelela enkulu Amaqoqo amakhulu e-Hercules. Itholakala eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-200 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ikala iminyaka engu-500 x 300 x 15 million light-year, futhi ngokunokwenzeka inkulu ngenxa yokuthi umkhakha wokubuka ufihlwe kancane yizinto ezisemthaleni wethu.

Ukuba khona kweGreat Wall kwasungulwa ngo-1989 ngesisekelo socwaningo lwe-redshifts ye-spectra yemithala. Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ngu-Margaret Geller kanye no-John Hukra we-CfA Redshift Survey.

5. Udonga Olukhulu Lomqhele waseHercules North

Iminyaka eminingana, i-Great Wall yahlala iyisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke esaziwayo endaweni yonke, kodwa ngo-2003, u-John Richard Gott nethimba lakhe bathola elikhulu nakakhulu elisekelwe ku-Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I-Great Sloan Wall. Itholakala kumlaza we-Virgo, oqhele ngebanga leminyaka yokukhanya eyibhiliyoni. Iminyaka eyi-1,37 billion ukukhanya no-80% yinde kunodonga Olukhulu.

Nokho, okwamanje ibhekwa njengesakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke endaweni yonke. I-Great Wall Hercules-Northern Crown (Her-CrB GW). Izazi zezinkanyezi zilinganisela ukuthi le nto ingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ubude beminyaka yokukhanya. Njengodonga Olukhulu lukaSloan, i-Her-CrB GW iyisakhiwo esine-filamentous esakhiwe amaqoqo emithala namaqembu ama-quasars. Ubude bayo buyi-10% yobude bomkhathi obonakalayo. Ububanzi bento buncane kakhulu, iminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingama-900 kuphela. I-Her-CrB GW itholakala emngceleni womlaza we-Hercules kanye noMqhele waseNyakatho.

I-Void Enkulu

Lesi sifunda esikhulu sesikhala esingenalutho, esingaba yiminyaka eyibhiliyoni yokukhanya ububanzi (kufika ku-1,8 billion light-years ngokwezinye izilinganiso), sinweba iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6-10 ukusuka eMhlabeni endaweni yoMfula i-Eridanus. Ezifundeni zalolu hlobo - ngendlela, isigamu somthamo wendawo yonke eyaziwayo - akukho lutho kodwa olukhanyayo.

I-Void Enkulu lesi yisakhiwo esingenazo izinto ezikhanyayo (imithala namaqoqo awo), kanye nezinto ezimnyama. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunemithala embalwa ngo-30% lapho kunezifunda ezizungezile. Yatholwa ngo-2007 yiqembu lezazi zezinkanyezi zaseMelika ezivela eNyuvesi yaseMinneapolis. ULawrence Rudnick wase-University of Minnesota waba ngowokuqala ukuba nesithakazelo kule ndawo. Unqume ukuphenya nge-genesis yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi indawo epholile kumephu ye-microwave background radiation (CMB) ekhiqizwe i-WMAP probe (WMAP).

Isithombe Esingokomlando Esikhulu Sendawo Yonke

Izazi zezinkanyezi, zisebenzisa idatha yokubona evela ku-Hubble Space Telescope, zahlanganisa umlando wokuqaphela weminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, zihlanganisa izithombe ezitholiwe (7500) zibe umbono owodwa we-mosaic, oqanjwe ngaye. I-montage iqukethe izithombe ezingaba ngu-265. imithala, eminye yayo "eyathwetshulwa" eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-500 ngemuva kweBig Bang. Isithombe sibonisa indlela imithala eshintshe ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhula ibe mikhudlwana ngokuhlangana futhi iba imidondoshiya ebonakala endaweni yonke namuhla.

Ngamanye amazwi, iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13,3 ye-cosmic evolution imelwe lapha ngomfanekiso owodwa.