Umuthi ufinyelela ngesibindi kumasu abonakalayo

Ngonyaka odlule, udokotela wezifo zengqondo u-Wendell Gibby wahlinza i-lumbar spine esebenzisa izibuko ze-Microsoft HoloLens. Ngemva kokuwagcoba, udokotela wabona umgogodla wesiguli, ubonakala sengathi ushibilika ebusweni bomzimba.

Ukukhomba indawo yediski ebangela ubuhlungu emgogodleni, imaging magnetic resonance (MRI) kanye ne-computed tomography (CT) izithombe zesiguli zalayishwa ku-software, okwabe sekwenza umgogodla ku-3D.

Ngonyaka odlule, uDkt. Shafi Ahmed wasebenzisa i-Google Glass ukusakaza bukhoma ukuhlinzwa kwesiguli esinomdlavuza. Amakhamera amabili angama-360-degree namalensi amaningi abekwe azungeze igumbi, okuvumela abafundi bezokwelapha, odokotela abahlinzayo kanye nezibukeli ukuthi babone futhi bezwe ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi nenqubo futhi bafunde ukuhlukanisa kahle isimila esicutshini esinempilo esizungezile.

E-France, i-visual cortex isanda kuhlinzwa esigulini esasigqoke izibuko zangempela (-) phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Ukubeka isiguli emhlabeni obonakalayo kwavumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole umsebenzi wezifunda zobuchopho nokuxhumana kobuchopho okunesibopho semisebenzi ngayinye ngesikhathi sangempela (okungukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa). Kuze kube manje, akukwazanga ukwenza lokhu etafuleni lokusebenza. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izibuko ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo ngale ndlela ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kombono wesiguli, esasivele silahlekelwe ukubona ngeso elilodwa ngenxa yalesi sifo.

U-Wendell Gibby ogqoke i-HoloLens

Ukusebenza nokuqeqeshwa kodokotela

Izibonelo ezingenhla zibonisa ukuthi amasu abonakalayo asevele azinza kanjani emhlabeni wezokwelapha. Izicelo zokuqala ze-VR ekunakekelweni kwezempilo zihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-90. Njengamanje, izixazululo ezinjalo zivame ukusetshenziswa esidingweni sokubona ngeso lengqondo idatha yezokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi (ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni nasekuhleleni kwabo), emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni (ukubona ngeso lengqondo i-anatomy kanye nemisebenzi kuma-simulators we-laparoscopic), ku-endoscopy ebonakalayo, kwengqondo nokuvuselelwa, kanye ne-telemedicine. .

Emfundweni yezokwelapha, ukuxoxisana, okuguquguqukayo kanye ne-1971D kunenzuzo enkulu kunama-atlas ezincwadi zakudala. Isibonelo umqondo oxhaswe nguhulumeni wase-US onikeza ukufinyelela kudatha enemininingwane yezithombe zomuntu (CT, MRI kanye nama-cryosections). Iklanyelwe ukutadisha i-anatomy, ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-imaging nokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza (ezemfundo, zokuxilonga, ukuhlela ukwelashwa kanye nokulingisa). Iqoqo eliphelele le-Virtual Man liqukethe izithombe ezingu-1 ekulungisweni okungu-15mm nosayizi ongu-5189 GB. I-Virtual Woman iqukethe izithombe ezingu-0,33 (ukulungiswa okungu-40 mm) futhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-XNUMX GB.

Ukwengeza endaweni yokufunda ebonakalayo izakhi zezinzwa ivumela abafundi ukuthi bazijwayeze kusenesikhathi, kodwa amakhono angakathuthukiswa. Ngokucindezela inkinobho, bangagcwalisa isirinji bese beyithulula, futhi empeleni bangakwazi “ukuzwa” lapho isirinji ishaya isikhumba, imisipha noma ithambo - umjovo esikhwameni esihlangene unikeza umuzwa ohluke ngokuphelele kunokunamathisela inaliti. . kuzicubu ze-adipose. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, konke ukunyakaza kunemiphumela yayo, ngezinye izikhathi ezimbi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ujule kuphi futhi ujule kangakanani futhi kuphi ukwenza ama-punctures ukuze ungalimazi imizwa nemithambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukucindezela, lapho ngokuvamile kuthatha amaminithi ukusindisa isiguli, amakhono awusizo kadokotela afanele isisindo sabo ngegolide. Ukuqeqeshwa kwesilingisi esibonakalayo kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise indlela yakho ngaphandle kokufaka impilo yomuntu engozini.

Izethulo ezibonakalayo ziyasebenza esigabeni esilandelayo somsebenzi wochwepheshe kadokotela, isibonelo i-endoscopy ebonakalayo ikuvumela ukuthi ulingise "ukuhamba" emzimbeni kanye nokungena ezicutshini ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuhlaselayo. Okufanayo kusebenza ekuhlinzeni ngekhompyutha. Ekuhlinzeni okuvamile, udokotela ubona indawo engaphezulu kuphela, futhi ukunyakaza kwe-scalpel, ngeshwa, akunakuhlehliswa. . Ngokusebenzisa i-VR, uyakwazi ukubona ngezansi futhi enze izinqumo ngokusekelwe olwazini olwengeziwe oluvela kweminye imithombo.

Phakathi kwamahlengethwa kanye nasekugcotshweni kuka-Elizabeth II

Ukwelapha okulingwayo kwabantu abane-schizophrenia kwakhiwe eNyuvesi yase-Oxford. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi babhekane ubuso nobuso ne-avatar ebonakalayo emele amazwi ahlabayo emakhanda abo. Ngemva kwezigaba zokuqala zokuhlolwa, imiphumela iyakhuthaza. Abacwaningi abenza uhlolo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe baqhathanisa lokhu kwelashwa nezindlela zendabuko zokwelulekwa. Bathole ukuthi ngemva kwamasonto ayishumi nambili, ama-avatar asebenza kangcono ekwehliseni imibono yokuzwa. Lolu cwaningo, olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Lancet Psychiatry, lulandele iziguli zaseBrithani ezingu-150 ezazihlaselwe yi-schizophrenia cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili futhi zabhekana nokuzwa okuphikelelayo nokuphazamisayo okuzwakalayo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kulawa, angu-75 aselethiwe. Ukwelashwa kwe-avatarkanye nama-75 asebenzisa izindlela zendabuko. Kuze kube manje, ama-avatars akhonjiswe ukuthi asebenza ngempumelelo ekwehliseni ukubonwa kokuzwa. Uma olunye ucwaningo luphumelela, ukwelashwa kwe-avatar kungaguqula indlela izigidi zabantu eziphathwa ngayo. abantu abane-psychosis emhlabeni ohlukile.

I-Dolphin Swimming Club

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-70s, abanye abacwaningi baye bachaza imiphumela emihle yokwelapha yokubhukuda namahlengethwa, ikakhulukazi kwabakhubazekile. Nokho, okuthiwa ukwelashwa ngamahlengethwa inobubi bayo. Okokuqala, kungase kubize kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Okwesibili, umqondo wokuthi abantu abangena emachibini ezilwane eziboshiwe uye wagxekwa njengononya ngabezemvelo. UmDashi u-Marijka Schöllema uqhamuke nomqondo wokuphendukela kubuchwepheshe bangempela beqiniso. Idalwe nguye I-Dolphin Swimming Club inikeza umuzwa wento engekho ngokoqobo engu-360-degree. Le phrojekthi okwamanje isebenzisa i-smartphone ye-Samsung S7 efakwe kuma-glogs e-diving enezici eziphrintiwe ze-3D ukuze yakhe ihedisethi ye-virtual reality.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Virtual reality buyilungele ukubhekana nezinkinga zokukhathazeka. Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu i-exposure therapy - isiguli sibhekene ne-irritant ebangela ukukhathazeka, kodwa konke kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile, okunikeza umuzwa wokuphepha. Iqiniso elibonakalayo likuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nokwesaba indawo evulekile, ukusondelana noma ukundiza. Umuntu angase abhekane nesimo esinzima kuye, kuyilapho eqaphela ukuthi ngempela akahlanganyeli kuso. Ezifundweni ezelapha i-phobia of heights, ukuthuthukiswa kubonakale ku-90% weziguli.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-VR ekuvuseleleni izinzwa kungaba yithuba lokuthi iziguli zohlangothiokubavumela ukuthi bathole imiphumela yokwelapha esheshayo futhi babuyele empilweni evamile. Inkampani yaseSweden i-MindMaze idale inkundla esekelwe olwazini emkhakheni we-neurorehabilitation kanye nesayensi yokuqonda. Ukunyakaza kwesiguli kulandelwa amakhamera futhi kuboniswa njenge-avatar ye-3D. Khona-ke, ukuzivocavoca okusebenzisanayo kukhethwa ngakunye, okuthi, ngemva kochungechunge olufanele lokuphindaphinda, kukhuthaze ukuphinda kusebenze ukuxhumana kwe-neural okonakele kanye nokwenza kusebenze okusha.

Ososayensi base-US, Germany naseBrazil basanda kushicilela imiphumela yocwaningo lapho iziguli eziyisishiyagalombili zine i-paraplegia (ukukhubazeka kwezitho) welashwa ngekhithi ye-VR kanye ne-exoskeleton. Okungokoqobo okungokoqobo kulingisa ukusebenza kwemoto, futhi i-exoskeleton inyakazisa imilenze yeziguli ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zobuchopho. Zonke iziguli ocwaningweni zaphinde zathola ukuzwa nokulawula ukunyakaza ngaphansi komgogodla olimele. Ngakho kwaba khona ukuvuselelwa okuphawulekayo kwama-neurons.

I-Startup Brain Power idale ithuluzi ukwesekwa kwabantu abane-autism. Lena i-Google Glass ethuthukisiwe - enesofthiwe ekhethekile esebenzisa, isibonelo. uhlelo lokuqaphela imizwelo. Isofthiwe iqoqa idatha yokuziphatha, iyayicubungula, futhi inikeza impendulo ngendlela elula, eqondakalayo ebonakalayo neyomsindo kumuntu oyigqokile (noma umnakekeli). Lolu hlobo lwemishini lusiza izingane ezine-autism ukuthi zifunde ulimi, zilawule indlela yokuziphatha futhi zithuthukise amakhono okuxhumana nabantu—ngokwesibonelo, luchaza isimo somzwelo somunye umuntu bese luboniswa, lusebenzisa izithonjana, “lutshela” ingane ukuthi uthini omunye umuntu. izizwa.

Ngokulandelayo, lo msebenzi uklanyelwe ukubuyisela izinkumbulo ezicacile abantu abanenkinga yokuwohloka komqondo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngochungechunge lwezivivinyo ezijabulisayo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali nezingilazi ze-3D. Kungumzamo wokukhumbula izinkumbulo ezisekelwe ezehlakalweni ezibalulekile umuntu onokuwohloka komqondo okungenzeka wahlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Abaqambi bathemba ukuthi lokhu kuzosebenza njengomcimbi wokuxhumana nabanye abantu futhi uthuthukise inhlalakahle yakho. Izivivinyo ezichazwe yi-The Guardian zakha ukulingisa okungokoqobo okubonakalayo okusekelwe ekugcotshweni kweNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II ngo-1953, okwakuhloselwe izakhamuzi zase-UK. Umcimbi udalwe kabusha kusetshenziswa imidwebo, abalingisi, imvunulo yenkathi kanye nezinsiza ezimele. Ingemuva bekuyi-Islington Street eNyakatho London.

Isiqalo esenziwe eCalifornia i-Deep Stream VR, eyisa iziguli emhlabeni obonakalayo lapho "zingakwazi khona ukuzicwilisa" ngenkathi zibuka izigigaba zamaqhawe, isizuzile. ukusebenza kahle ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu cishe 60-70%. Ikhambi labonakala lisebenza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezinqubo zokwelapha, kusukela ezimisweni zamazinyo kuya ekushintsheni kokugqoka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuwona umqondo odume kakhulu wobuhlungu obubonakalayo emhlabeni.

Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, amaphayona we-VR nabadwebi u-Hunter Hoffman noDavid Patterson, abacwaningi baseYunivesithi yaseWashington, bebelokhu befakazela ikhono eliyingqayizivele le-VR. ukukhululeka kobuhlungu obukhulu. Ukudala kwabo kwakamuva umhlaba virtual okuthatha ukunaka kwesiguli kusuka ezinhlungwini kuya endaweni ebonakalayo eneqhwa ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe okubandayo. Okuwukuphela komsebenzi womuntu ogulayo kukhona... ukujikijela amaphengwini eqhwa. Okuxakayo ukuthi, imiphumela iyazikhulumela - abantu abashile bezwe ubuhlungu obungaphansi ngo-35-50% lapho becwiliswa ku-VR kunethamo elilinganiselwe lamaphilisi ezinhlungu. Ngokungeziwe ezigulini zasesibhedlela zezingane, abacwaningi baphinde basebenza namasosha angaphambili ase-US abashise kanzima futhi abanenkinga ye-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Isithombe esivela kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-VR eklanyelwe ukwelapha ukusha.

Umdlavuza wabanjwa ngaso leso sikhathi

Kuvele ukuthi amasu e-virtualization angasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi. Ukutholwa kwesimila kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu esijwayelekile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, i-Google Research yethulwa ngo-Ephreli 2018. Isibonakhulu se-ARekwazi ukuhlonza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngesikhathi sangempela ngosizo olwengeziwe lokufunda ngomshini.

Ngaphezu kwekhamera, esebenzisana ne-algorithm ye-AI, kunesibonisi se-AR (i-augmented reality) ebonisa idatha uma kutholwa inkinga. Ngamanye amazwi, i-microscope ibheka amaseli omdlavuza ngokushesha nje lapho ufaka isampula kuwo. Lolu hlelo lungagcina lusetshenziselwe ukuxilonga ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo sofuba nomalaleveva.

Isibonakhulu se-AR esithola izinguquko ze-pathological

Inzuzo ayiseyona i-virtual ngempela

Ngonyaka odlule, inkampani yocwaningo iGrand View Research yalinganisela inani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke yezixazululo ze-VR kanye ne-AR kwezokwelapha ku-$ 568,7 million, emele izinga lokukhula lonyaka lika-29,1%. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi, le makethe kufanele idlule amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2025 ngo-5. Ukukhula okusheshayo okunjalo kwalo mkhakha kungenxa yentuthuko eqhubekayo ye-hardware engokoqobo ne-augmented reality kanye nesofthiwe, kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezintsha zemithi.

I-Delfinoterapia VR: 

I-trailer Wild Dolphin UnderwaterVR

Umbiko Wokutholwa Kwengqamuzana Lomdlavuza we-AR:

Ukutholwa Komdlavuza Wesikhathi Sangempela Ngokufunda Ngomshini