Iphupho lomqondisi: umlando weMercedes E-class

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-sedan aphezulu, into yokuqala efika emqondweni iMercedes-Benz E-class. Incwadi ethi "E" yavela egameni lemodeli ngo-1993, nesizukulwane se-W124, esingasho ukuthi umlando ucebile kangakanani.

Kepha empeleni, imodeli yebhizinisi lakwaMercedes ihlehlela emuva ku-1926. Njengoba ukulungiswa kwesizukulwane samanje kulungiselela ukungena kuma-showroom, masikhumbule lapho isiko "lephupho lomqondisi" laqala khona ohlwini lwabakwaDaimler.

1926: W2, iMercedes yokuqala "yodumo"

Embukisweni wezimoto iBerlin Motor Show, abakwaMercedes bakhombisa uhlobo olusha ceke oluphakathi nendawo enenjini engu-2 litre six-cylinder, iW8, ebuye yaziwe nge-Type 38/XNUMX. Lena cishe imodeli yokuqala ekhishwe yi-Daimler-Benz esanda kwakhiwa ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene ngaphambilini. Imoto yathuthukiswa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi u-Daimler CTO Ferdinand Porsche. Ngenxa yengcindezi engapheli evela phezulu, iPorsche yaxabana nomqondisi wenkampani uWilhelm Kessel, futhi inkontileka yakhe ayizange ivuselelwe.

1936: Imoto yokuqala yabagibeli enenjini kadizili

Eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuqala kwayo, i-W2 isakhiwe kabusha futhi manje isibizwa ngeMercedes-Benz Typ Stuttgart 200. Igcina injini ka-1998 cc kanye namandla amahhashi angama-38, kodwa isilinganiso sokucindezelwa sandisiwe sisuka ku-5: 1 kuye ku-6,2: 1, iZenith i-carburetor yathathelwa indawo iSolex, no-gearbox onamagiya amane uyatholakala njengenketho esikhundleni sika-gearbox ojwayelekile onamagiya amathathu. Ububanzi buhlanganisa okuhlukile okungu-200 (W21), 230 (W143) kanye no-260 D (W138), okwavela ngo-1936 njengemoto yokuqala yabagibeli enenjini kadizili.

1946-1955: 170 V kuya ku-170 DS

I-Daimler-Benz ingelinye labakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane abalulama ngokushesha kusukela ngempi. Kakade ngo-1946, inkampani yaqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli ezinenjini yangaphambi kwempi engu-170 V (W136), kodwa zalungiselelwa izidingo zamaphoyisa, izinsizakalo zokuhlenga, njll. Ngemva konyaka, i-170 S (W191) yavela, i- imodeli yokuqala yangemva kwempi ngokuphelele, isenamandla amahhashi angama-38. Ngo-1950 kuphela lapho lenyuka lafinyelela amahhashi angu-44.

Umnotho uya ngokuya usimama, futhi isidingo siyakhula, ngakho uMercedes wandisa uchungechunge lwe-170. Ngo-1949, kwakhululwa udizili i-170 D, futhi ngemva konyaka, i-170 S Saloon, izinguqulo ezimbili ze-convertible. Ngo-1952, kwakhululwa udizili i-170 D, yalandelwa yi-170 SV kanye ne-170 SD. Lesi sakamuva sahlala sikhiqizwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1955.

1952-1962: W120, "iPontoon"

Ngenkathi izithombe zokuqala zohlobo lwesikhathi esizayo lweMercedes 1952 (W180) zishicilelwa ngo-120, uhlelo lwesiJalimane iDas Auto, Motor und Sport nalo labeka umfanekiso wenkondlo kaGoethe edumile ethi "The King King" (Erlkonig). Yingakho eJalimane imodeli ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-King King. Kodwa-ke, yaziwa kangcono kakhulu njenge- "pontoon" yezakhiwo zayo ezintsha ezinokwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu namafomu amahle.

Njengoba kunama-aerodynamics angcono kakhulu kunamamodeli amadala, ukumiswa okusha kanye nenjini esebenza kahle kakhulu engu-1,9 injini yamahhashi engu-52-litre, imoto iya ngokuya idingeka. Ngo-1954 kwavela izinhlobo ezingama-cylinder eziyisithupha, kanye nodizili ongu-180 D.

Ngo-1956, abokuqala abangu-190 baphuma emgqeni womhlangano - inguqulo ephakeme yemoto, enamandla amahhashi angu-75, yanda yaba ngu-80.

Sekukonke, angu-443 amaphontoni angamasilinda amane athengiswa emhlabeni wonke - impumelelo enhle kakhulu kuleyo minyaka.

1961-1968: W110, Fins

EJalimane, le modeli ibizwa nge-Heckflosse ("fin" noma "propeller") ngenxa yedizayini ethile yangemuva. Umlandeli wePontoon uqala isiko elide likaMercedes lokusungula izinto ezintsha. Imoto inendawo yangaphakathi evikelwe nezindawo ezikhethekile zokumunca amandla uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela. Ngo-1963, amabhuleki e-disc ayesebenza kahle afakwa emasondweni angaphambili, kwathi ngo-1967 kwafakwa isiteringi sokushayela, esiphuca namandla uma kwenzeka kushayisana.

Umndeni wakwa-W110 ekuqaleni wawunophethiloli ongu-190 D kanye nodizili ongu-190 D, kwalandela owama-200, owama-200D nowawu-230 oyisilinda onamandla ayi-105 anamandla ngaleso sikhathi. Izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu zithola nezinguqulo ezinwetshiwe, kufaka phakathi izinqola zesiteshi. Okukhethwa kukho kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjenge-steering yamandla, uphahla lwengilazi, iwindi langemuva elifudumele, i-air conditioning, ukuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo namawindi kagesi.

I-1968-1976: W114, dash 8

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, inkampani yagcina ihlukanise phakathi kwamamodeli ayo engxenye yebhizinisi nama-sedan okunethezeka, ayesabizwa ngama-S-models.

Ngo-1968, kwavela owalandela Fin, W114, ukubukeka kwawo kwapendwa umklami edume French uPaul Braque. EJalimane, le moto kanye nodadewabo W115 babizwa ngokuthi "Strich Acht" - "oblique eyisishiyagalombili", ngoba "/8" livela egameni lekhodi yabo.

Kuyimodeli yokuqala yakwaMercedes ukuthi ithengise ngaphezulu kwamayunithi ayisigidi (empeleni, ama-sedan ayi-1 wezigidi kanye nama-coupon angama-1976 ayeseqoqiwe ngasekupheleni komkhiqizo ngo-1,8).

Ikhodi W114 isetshenziselwa izinjini eziyisithupha-cylinder, futhi W115 amamodeli anamasilinda amane noma amahlanu. Okukhumbuleka kakhulu i-Bosch fuel-injection 250 CE enamandla amahhashi angu-150, kanye ne-280 E enamandla afinyelela ku-185.

Kwezobuchwepheshe, le moto kakhulu yesimanje kuka "Fin" - nge bar stabilizer, ukudluliselwa-speed ezinhlanu, ukukhiya central kanye namasondo ingxubevange. Bese kuba namabhande esihlalo esine-inertial nezithiyo ekhanda.

1976-1986: Inganekwane ye-W123

Ngo-1976, uMercedes wagcina ethule umlandeli we-W114, waqoka iW123. Le moto ngokushesha yaba umuzwa wemakethe, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomklamo oyengayo kaBruno Saco. Inzalo inkulu kangangoba imoto ibilinde isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kanti emakethe yesibili, ama-W123 angasetshenziswanga ayabiza kakhulu kunamasha. Imodeli yathuthukisa ngokushesha ekusebenzeni kowandulelayo futhi ekupheleni kokukhiqizwa kwayo ngo-1986 kwase kuthengise amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2,7. Abashayeli bamatekisi eJalimane baphinde baqondiswe kuyo ngobuningi, ngoba izinjini zingakwazi ukumboza kalula ama-500 ngisho ne-000 km ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu.

Futhi iyimodeli yokuqala enenguqulo esemthethweni yenqola yesiteshi - kuze kube manje bekuyinguqulo eyengeziwe kuphela, ikakhulukazi embonini yaseBelgian IMA.

I-W123 iza nokukhethwa kwezinjini okuhlaba umxhwele ngempela, kusuka ku-55 kuye ku-177 amandla wehhashi. Okuqaphelekayo ukuhlukahluka okungama-300 TD, okuneyunithi ye-turbodiesel namandla angu-125 amahhashi. Izinhlobo zokuhlola ezinesikhungo samandla kagesi ne-hydrogen nazo zakhiwe.

Ngokokuqala ngqa kule modeli, i-ABS, ithangi elilwa nokushaqeka, i-airbag yomshayeli kanye ne-cruise control ziyatholakala njengezengezwe ngokuzithandela.

Imoto ikhombisa ukuthi ibalulekile ku-London-Sydney Rally, lapho ama-E angama-280 amabili ahamba phambili amabili kanti amanye amabili aleshumi aphezulu.

1984-1997: W124, i-E-Class yokuqala yangempela

Isizukulwane se-W124, esaqala ngo-1984, saba ngesokuqala ukwamukela ngokusemthethweni ukubizwa nge-E-class, yize singazange sisithole kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yemodeli, ngoJuni 1993. I-prototype yasungulwa nguHalicendorfer noPfeiffer, nemodeli yokukhiqiza ngumsebenzisi uBruno Sako. I-W124 itholakala ngezinhlobo ezine: i-sedan, isiteshi wagon, i-coupe ne-convertible, kanye nohlobo olwandisiwe nohlu lwamamodeli akhethekile.

Ukukhethwa kwamayunithi kaphethiloli nodizili kwandisiwe, ngamandla manje asukela ku-72 kuye ku-326 amandla wehhashi (phezulu 500 E kusukela ngo-1990). Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-E 60 AMG yavela ngamandla angu-381 amahhashi, i-4Matic idonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kanye nokumiswa kwangemuva kwezixhumanisi eziningi. Eminyakeni eyi-13 nje kuphela, kwakhishwa izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-2,737.

1995-2002: W210, "amehlo amane" E-Class

Umsebenzi womlandeli we-W124 waqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-80s. Idizayinwe nguSteen Mateen ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaBruno Sako. Le moto sizoyikhumbula njenge "four" ngenxa yamapheya amabili amalambu ayindilinga ngaphambili.

Le E-Class, eyaziwa ngaphansi kwekhodi W210, inkulu futhi inokunethezeka kunaleyo edlule.

Le yiMercedes yokuqala ukufaka amalambu e-xenon ngokulungiswa kobude be-othomathikhi.

Ukukhetha izinjini namanje ecebile, kusukela 95 ukuze 347 amahhashi. Ngo-1998, o-six ngaleso sikhathi bathathelwa indawo iV6 entsha, i-code M112, enamandla amahhashi angu-223 kanye ne-torque engu-310 Nm. Amamodeli akuqala abe namagiya angu-4, kuthi lawo angemva kuka-1996 abe namagiya amahlanu.

Ngeshwa, i-E210 izophinde ikhunjulwe ngoshintsho lwayo olumangalisayo lwekhwalithi, umphumela wombono womphathi wakwaDaimler uJurgen Schremp wokunciphisa izindleko. Izimoto zalesi sizukulwane zaziwa ngamaphutha amaningi - kusukela ezinkingeni ze-flywheel, inzwa yomoya, ukuncibilika kwezibani zangemuva, ukwehluleka kwezinqubo zamafasitela, ukugqwala njalo eminyango ngisho nakumfanekiso we-hood.

2002-2009: W211

Izinkinga ze-W210 zidlulela kumlandeli we-W211 owethulwe ngo-2002. Lolu hlobo luwuhlobo lwemoto yangaphambilini, yethula amalambu e-bi-xenon, air conditioning ozishintshayo, amawipha azishintshayo azwa imvula nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuningi. Imoto ine-suspension enamaphuzu amane ngaphambili, i-multi-link suspension ngemuva futhi, njengenketho, i-pneumatic suspension adjustment. Futhi kuyi-E-Class yokuqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-electronic stability (ESP) njengento evamile.

Ngokuxoshwa kukaSchremp nokufakwa esikhundleni kwakhe nguDieter Zetsche ngo-2006, inkampani yaqala imizamo emikhulu yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza futhi, futhi izinhlobo zakamuva ze-W211 zibhekwa njengezihlanganiswe kangcono kakhulu kunalezo ezedlule. Ngemuva kokuphakanyiswa kobuso, inguqulo ye-E63 AMG yavela ngamandla amakhulu we-514 amahhashi.

2009-2016: W212

Ngo-2009, i-W211 yaqedwa futhi yafakwa i-W212 ngomklamo kaThomas Stopka, okhunjulwa kakhulu ngamalambu ayo angajwayelekile okuhlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, ipulatifomu entsha yayisetshenziselwa kuphela i-sedan ne-station wagon, ngenkathi izixhumanisi nezinguqulo eziguqukayo zazisuselwa ku-C-class (W204).

Ngo-2013, abakwaMercedes benza ukulungisa ubuso, kepha empeleni, ngokwesilinganiso sezinguquko kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ekuthuthukisweni (ngaphezulu kwe-1 billion euros), bekuyimodeli entsha ngokuphelele. Le nkampani uqobo lwayo ithi lokhu "ukucwengwa okubaluleke kakhulu" kwemodeli abake bayenza. Amalambu angamakhompiyutha angama-quad ahambile, futhi umqambi wamakhanda omusha uGordon Wagener ulethe i-E-Class ekuvumelaneni nalo lonke uhlelo.

2016-2020: W213

Isizukulwane samanje saqala eDetroit ngo-2016. Ingaphandle layo, elidizayinwe nguRobert Lesnick ngaphansi kobuholi bukaWagener, manje seliyibopha kakhulu kwiC-Class ne-S-Class. Futhi iyisidan esiphezulu esithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe emlandweni wakwaMercedes, esinamandla okujika size sidlule emgwaqeni omkhulu bese sibuyele emzileni waso.

Kulo nyaka, i-E-Class ithole i-facelift ezoqala ukubonakala ezimakethe eziningi ngasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Izinguquko zokuklama zithobekile, kodwa i-powertrain inzima kakhulu - ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe be-48-volt hybrid yezinjini zikaphethiloli, ama-hybrids amabili kaphethiloli kanye nama-plug-in diesel amasha. Uhlelo oludala lwemininingwane ye-Command seluthathelwe indawo yi-MBUX eyakhiwe yihhovisi likaSofia lika-Visteon likasonkontileka ongaphansi.