Iphupho lemoto yomoya

Ukuphahlazeka kwemodeli yemoto endizayo eshayelwa nguStefan Klein wenkampani yaseSlovakia i-AeroMobil, osekuyiminyaka eminingi isebenza ngalolu hlobo lomklamo, kwenze wonke umuntu owayesezibonile izimoto ezihambahambayo ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke ukuthi aphinde amise umbono wakhe. Kolandelayo.

U-Klein, ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-300, ukwazile ukwenza kusebenze uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lweparachute oluqaliswe esitsheni esikhethekile. Lokhu kwasindisa impilo yakhe - phakathi nengozi wayelimale kancane. Kodwa-ke, inkampani iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa komshini kuzoqhubeka, nakuba akwaziwa kahle ukuthi ama-prototypes alandelayo azobhekwa nini ukuthi alungele ukundiza endaweni evamile yomoya.

Ziphi lezi zimanga ezindizayo?

Engxenyeni yesibili yochungechunge lwefilimu edumile ethi Back to the Future, eyasungulwa ngo-2015, sibone izimoto zehla ngesivinini emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka womoya. Imibono yemishini endizayo ibivamile kwezinye izihloko zezinganekwane zesayensi, kusukela ku-The Jetsons kuya ku-Fifth Element. Baze baba ngesinye sezisusa ezihlala njalo ze-futurism zekhulu lama-XNUMX, zafinyelela ekhulwini elilandelayo.

Futhi njengoba ikusasa selifikile, sinekhulu lesi-XNUMX nobuchwepheshe obuningi ebesingabulindele ngaphambilini. Ngakho uyabuza - ziphi lezi zimoto ezindizayo?!

Eqinisweni, sesikwazile ukwakha izimoto zomoya isikhathi eside. I-prototype yokuqala yemoto enjalo yadalwa ngo-1947. Kwakuyi-Airphibian eyakhiwe ngumqambi uRobert Edison Fulton.

umklamo we-air phoebe

Phakathi namashumi eminyaka alandelayo, kwakungekho ukushoda kwemiklamo ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhlolwa okwalandela. AbakwaFord babesebenza ezimotweni ezindizayo, kanti uChrysler wayesebenzela ibutho le-jeep endizayo. I-Aerocar eyakhiwa nguMoulton Taylor ngeminyaka yawo-60s, yayidume kakhulu kwaFord kangangokuthi inkampani yacishe yadayiswa. Kodwa-ke, ama-prototypes okuqala ayemane akhiwe kabusha indiza enamamojula abagibeli ayengahlukaniswa futhi anamathiselwe ku-fuselage. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imiklamo ethuthuke kakhulu isiqalile ukuvela, njenge-AeroMobil eshiwo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, uma inkinga ibikhona ngamakhono ezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho omshini ngokwawo, khona-ke mhlawumbe ngabe sesinemoto endizayo isikhathi eside. I-snag ikwenye. Muva nje, u-Elon Musk ukhulume ngokuqondile. Okungukuthi, wathi "kungaba kuhle ukuba nezimoto ezihambayo endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu", kodwa "ingozi yokuthi ziwele ekhanda lomuntu inkulu kakhulu."

Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngalokhu - isithiyo esikhulu sokuhamba ngezimoto emoyeni ukucabangela ukuphepha. Uma kunezigidi zezingozi nokufa kwabantu abaningi ngokunyakaza okujwayelekile okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, ukungezwa kohlangothi lwesithathu kubonakala kungenangqondo ukusho okuncane.

I-50m yanele ukuthi ihlale phansi

I-Slovak AeroMobil, enye yamaphrojekthi ezimoto ezindizayo ezidume kakhulu, sekuyiminyaka eminingi isebenza ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2013, uJuraj Vakulik, omunye wabamele inkampani eyaklama imoto futhi wadala ama-prototypes, wathi inguqulo yokuqala yemoto "yabathengi" izofika emakethe ngo-2016. Ngeshwa, ngemva kwengozi, ngeke kusaba. ngenkathi kungenzeka, kodwa iphrojekthi isahamba phambili emibonweni engenzeka.

Kunezithiyo eziningi ezingokomthetho okufanele zinqotshwe ngokwemithetho yethrafikhi yezindiza, imigwaqo yezindiza, njll. Kukhona nezinselelo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Airmobile kumele ibe lula ukuze isakhiwo sikhuphuke kalula emoyeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha zezakhiwo ezihamba emgwaqeni. Futhi izinto eziqinile nezingasindi ngokuvamile ziyabiza. Intengo yenguqulo yemakethe yemoto ilinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingamakhulu amaningana. I-Euro.

Ngokusho kwabamele inkampani, i-AeroMobil ingasuka futhi yehlele endaweni yotshani. Kuthatha cishe amamitha angu-200 ukusuka futhi ukuhlala kubikwa ukuthi kungamamitha angu-50. Nokho, "indiza yemoto" ye-carbon-fiber izohlukaniswa njengendiza yezemidlalo encane ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokushayela, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ilayisense ekhethekile ukuze undize i-AeroMobile. 

I-VTOL kuphela

Njengoba ubona, ngisho nangombono wezomthetho, i-AeroMobil ibhekwa njengohlobo lwendiza enegiya lokuhlala elikwazi ukuhamba emigwaqweni yomphakathi, hhayi "imoto endizayo". U-Paul Moller, umsunguli we-M400 Skycar, ukholelwa ukuthi inqobo nje uma singabhekani nemiklamo yokusuka eqondile neyokumisa, ukuguquguquka "komoya" kwezokuthutha komuntu ngeke kwenzeke. Umklami ngokwakhe ubesebenza kumshini onjalo osuselwe kuma-propeller kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s. Muva nje, uye waba nesithakazelo kubuchwepheshe be-drone. Kodwa-ke, isazabalaza ngodaba lokuthola ama-motor aqonde phezulu kanye nokwehla kwamandla ngendlela efanele.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemibili edlule, iTerrafugia yethula lolu hlobo lwemoto yomqondo, engeke nje ibe ne-hybrid drive yesimanje kanye ne-semi-automatic steering system, kodwa futhi ngeke idinge indawo yokupaka. Kwanele igaraji elivamile. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi imoto eyimodeli, okwamanje eqokwe i-TF-X esikalini esingu-1:10, izohlolwa ngo-A. ngabazalwane bakwaWright eMIT.

Imoto ebukeka njengemoto yabantu abane, kumele isuke ibheke phezulu isebenzisa amarotha asebenza ngogesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injini ye-turbine yegesi kufanele isebenze njengokushayela izindiza zebanga elide. Abasiki bengqephu babikezela ukuthi imoto ingaba nebanga lokuhamba ibanga elifinyelela ku-800 km. Le nkampani isiqoqe amakhulukhulu ama-oda ezimoto zayo ezindizayo. Ukuthengiswa kwamayunithi okuqala kwakuhlelelwe i-2015-16. Kodwa-ke, ukungena kwezimoto ekusebenzeni kungase kubambezeleke ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho, esibhale ngazo ngenhla. I-Terrafugia yabekela eceleni iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi nambili ngo-2013 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele lomsebenzi.

Ukucushwa okuhlukahlukene kwezimoto zeTerraf TF-X

Uma kukhulunywa ngezimoto ezindizayo, kunenye inkinga okufanele ixazululwe - noma sifuna izimoto ezindiza zombili nezihamba ngendlela ejwayelekile emigwaqeni, noma ezindizayo kuphela. Ngoba uma kungeyakamuva, khona-ke sisusa izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe abaklami abalwa nazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bemoto endizayo nezinhlelo zokushayela ezizimele zibonakala ngokucacile. Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ochwepheshe abakholelwa nje ekuhambeni ngaphandle kokungqubuzana kwezinkulungwane zabashayeli "abangabantu" abazimele endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, uma siqala ukucabanga ngamakhompyutha nezisombululo ezifana nalezi i-Google ezithuthukisayo okwamanje ezimotweni ezizimele, indaba ehlukile. Ngakho kufana nokundiza - yebo, kodwa ngaphandle komshayeli