UMcPherson ungumklami we-front suspension entsha. Izinzuzo zekholomu kaMcPherson

Njengoba iminyaka ihamba, ukumiswa kwemoto kuye kwaba uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Konke lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokunethezeka kokushayela kumshayeli nabagibeli. Isixazululo esithandwa kakhulu esisetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka yikholomu kaMcPherson. Ibe yingqophamlando kangangoba isafakwa ezimotweni eziningi ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili nanamuhla. 

Uyini umsuka wokumiswa kwe-MacPherson front? 

U-Earl S. McPherson - umklami omusha wokumiswa

Indaba iqala e-Illinois ngo-1891. Kulapha lapho umklami wokumiswa okuchaziwe wazalelwa khona. Ngenkathi esebenza kwaGeneral Motors, wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi okwakungumfanekiso wekholomu ye-MacPherson. Wasebenzisa umklamo othuthuke ngokugcwele ngemva kokuthuthela kwaFord ngeFord Vedette. Lapho, wasebenza kwaze kwaba sekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe wokuba unjiniyela omkhulu.

Ukumiswa emotweni - kuyini? Isebenza kanjani ngamasondo?

Umsebenzi omkhulu we-suspension system wukubamba isondo ngendlela yokuthi likwazi ukuxhumana nomgwaqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezibekwe kuyo zinesibopho sokuhlanganisa isondo nesakhiwo somzimba futhi dambise noma yikuphi ukudlidliza nokushaqeka okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Uma uqonda ukuthi ukumiswa kusebenza kanjani, uzoqonda ukuthi kungani i-McPherson strut iyisisombululo esibalulekile futhi esasetshenziswa ohlelweni olungaphambili lokumiswa.

McPherson uhlobo ikholomu - ukwakhiwa

Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Earl S. McPherson waqaphela ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukudala isisombululo sokukhweza amasondo esishibhile, esinokwethenjelwa futhi esihlangene esihlinzeka:

• ukulungiswa;
• okuholayo;
• isiqondiso;
• damping ngenkathi ushayela. 

Umklamo wonke wemoto ikuvumela ukuthi ufake isondo ezindaweni ezimbili - usebenzisa i-shock absorber bear.

Ikholomu kaMcPherson - uhlelo lokwakha 

Isipikha ngasinye se-MacPherson sinesakhiwo esilandelayo. Isici esiyinhloko lapha i-shock absorber, okuthi, kanye nentwasahlobo kanye ne-knuckle yokuqondisa, yakha yonke into eyodwa. I-wishbone ephansi inesibopho sokuqondisa kwayo, okuvame ukuba nesimo somzimba oqinile noma ongunxantathu. Ukumiswa kuqukethe umsebenzi womhlangano we-shock absorber nge-spring, egxilwe enkomishini ekhethekile. Ukuthwala okuphezulu kuvumela ikholomu ukuthi ijikeleze. I-MacPherson strut ngokwayo ixhunywe ku-crossover evumela ukuthi ushintshe isiqondiso.

Yini eyenza iMacPherson Suspension ihluke? Isetshenziselwani i-rocker eyodwa?

Ukuze ufaneleke njengokumiswa kwe-MacPherson strut, kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• vula i-suspension yangaphambili;
• i-shock absorber ine-swivel shape futhi ihamba ngokuhambisana nokunyakaza kwesondo lokuqondisa;
• uma kuhlangene, i-shock absorber, i-spring kanye ne-knuckle yokuqondisa ingabhekwa njengento eyodwa yesakhiwo;
• i- wishbone engezansi ivumela isondo ukuthi liqondiswe ngokuxhuma kwiknuckle yokuqondisa.

Kusukela encazelweni engenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi eziningi izixazululo okwamanje efakwe ezimotweni akuzona ukumiswa MacPherson. Okokuqala, leli gama alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekumisweni okungemuva. Futhi, izixazululo lapho i-non-torsion shock absorbers eye yethulwa khona ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengesixazululo esihambisana nomqondo kaMcPherson. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwengalo yokulengiswa engaphezu kweyodwa esondweni ngalinye akubandakanyi lesi sibizo esingenhla.

Izinzuzo zekholomu ye-MacPherson

Kungani ikhambi elichazwayo lisetshenziswa kaningi kangaka namuhla? Okokuqala, ngoba ishibhile futhi kufakazelwe. Abakhiqizi bangalungisa ngempumelelo intengo yesakhiwo ukuze bahlangabezane nokulindelwe yikhasimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumiswa kwe-MacPherson kunikeza ukuphatha okwanelisayo, ukudambisa kanye nokusebenza kokumiswa. Yingakho zitholakala ezimotweni ezakhiwa eminyakeni engu-30 edlule nanamuhla.

Uma kungenjalo, ukumiswa kwe-MacPherson kuhlala isikhathi eside. Abaklami ababefuna ukusebenzisa injini ekulayini ngokuphambana nemizimba bangenza lokhu ngaphandle kokushiya le nto yokumiswa futhi badlulisele idrayivu ku-ekseli engemuva. Lokhu kuphinde kwaba nomthelela ekwandiseni isixazululo, ikakhulukazi njengoba iningi lezimoto ezikhiqizwayo njengamanje ziyi-front-wheel drive.

Sikuphi isipikha se-MacPherson esisifanelekela kangcono? 

Ama-MacPherson struts afaneleka kakhulu ezimotweni ezincane ngenxa yobulula bazo, amandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushayela. Lokhu kuthonywa yisisindo semoto, esiqinisekisa ukuzinza uma ijika emakhoneni futhi ibhreka. I-MacPherson iphatha kahle ama-g-forces futhi inikeza ukumiswa okuhle.

Ikholomu ye-MacPherson - amaphutha esixazululo

Yiqiniso, njenganoma yisiphi isisombululo, umklamo owethulwe unezinkinga ezithile. Okokuqala, kuwumklamo omncane kakhulu. I-MacPherson strut ingalimala ngemuva kokushayela isitebhisi noma igebe emgwaqeni ngesivinini esikhulu. Kuphinde kuthinte ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimoto. I-MacPherson struts ifakwe ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezincane futhi azihlonyelwe izinjini ezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, abaklami bezimoto zezemidlalo nezimoto zezigaba eziphakeme kwakudingeka benze kabusha isixazululo esikhona noma bathuthukise esisha.

Amathayi abanzi kakhulu akufanele afakwe emotweni ene-MacPherson suspension. felg. Badinga i-offset enkulu noma indandatho yokubeka indawo. Lapho i-corning futhi ngenxa yokuphambuka okukhulu kwamasondo, i-angle yabo yokuthambekela iyashintsha, engathinta kakhulu ukudonsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi akusona isisombululo esilula kakhulu, ngoba sidlulisela ukudlidliza ukusuka emgwaqeni kuya esondweni lokuqondisa. Ukuwanciphisa, amaphedi enjoloba asetshenziswa kumasokhethi abamba ukushaqeka.

Ukumiswa kweMacPherson - ukushintshwa

Isici ngasinye esakha isakhiwo sonke singaphansi kokugqoka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukushintsha izingxenye ezingahlelekile noma ezinephutha. Njengoba usuzwile kakade, i-MacPherson struts ayisona isisombululo esihlala isikhathi eside, ngakho ukusheshisa okusheshayo ngamathayi ahlabayo, ukushayela ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinamaqhubu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo kwemoto kungabhubhisa izingxenye zomuntu ngokushesha.

Uma NGAMALUNGELO I-workshop ihlanganisa ukushintshwa kwe-MacPherson strut noma izingxenye zayo ngabanye, hlola i-geometry yemoto kamuva. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina i-camber efanele nokubamba. Lokhu kubalulekile uma ushayela uqonde, ujika amakhona kanye nokubhuleka. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe yonke into ibonakala ilungile ekuqaleni, kuhle ukuthi uvakashele ishabhu elenza izilinganiso nokulungiswa okunjalo. Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka esikhundleni sezakhi ngazinye ngokwakho, inqobo nje uma unesikhala, amathuluzi, nolwazi oluthile.

Akuvamile ukuthi isixazululo esasungulwa emashumini eminyaka adlule sisasebenzela isintu. Ukumiswa kwe-MacPherson, yiqiniso, kuye kwaba nezinguqulo ezithile phakathi neminyaka, kodwa kusasekelwe ngokuqinile kwizixazululo ezisungulwe ngumklami. Yiqiniso, lokhu akuyona ingxenye ephelele futhi ayifanele zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto. Uma ufuna ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sifakwe emotweni yakho sihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, shayela ngokuthula futhi ufake amathayi anconywe umkhiqizi wezimoto.