Amafutha, amafutha, izihlungi zomoya - nini futhi kanjani ukushintsha kubo? Umhlahlandlela
Izihlungi zezimoto zidinga ukushintshwa njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo omkhulu. Bheka ukuthi kwenziwa nini futhi kanjani.
Kuze kube manje, azikho izinkinga ngokushintsha isihlungi samafutha - ngemva kwakho konke, siyayishintsha kanye namafutha enjini futhi ngokuvamile sikwenza njalo, esimweni se-fuel noma isihlungi somoya, sivame ukuwakhumbula lapho kwenzeka okuthile emotweni.
Sibuze uDariusz Nalevaiko, inhloko yesikhungo senkonzo yakwaRenault eBialystok, ephethwe yiMotozbyt, ukuthi nini futhi kungani kudingekile ukushintsha izihlungi emotweni.
Isihlungi samafutha enjini
Inhloso yalesi sihlungi ukunciphisa inani lezinto ezingcolile ezingena enjini kanye nomoya owuthathayo futhi zihlanze uwoyela. Kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi isihlungi somoya asikuthathi konke ukungcola okuvela emkhathini ngamaphesenti angu-100. Ngakho, bangena enjinini, futhi isihlungi sikawoyela kufanele sibamise. Izwela kakhulu kunesihlungi somoya.
Ukukhethwa kwesihlungi samafutha enjini enikeziwe ngumkhiqizi wayo kuncike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekwakhiweni kweyunithi yamandla. Abakhiqizi bezihlungi bakhombisa kumakhathalogi abo ukuthi yiziphi izinjini abazilungele. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izihlungi zangempela kuphela noma izinkampani ezithenjwayo eziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile.
Isihlungi sikawoyela sivame ukushintshwa kanye ne-gasket yepulaki yamafutha kanye ne-drain. Isikhawu sokushintsha sinqunywa izindinganiso zomkhiqizi. Kubuye kuncike endleleni nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwemoto. Ngokuvamile sishintsha ngamafutha njalo ngonyaka noma ngemva kokugijima kwezinkulungwane eziyi-10-20. km.
Lesi sici sibiza kusukela kweshumi nambili kuya kwamashumi amaningana ama-zloty, futhi ukushintshwa, isibonelo, esikhungweni sesevisi esigunyaziwe, emotweni encane kubiza cishe ama-zloty angu-300 kanye namafutha.
Isihlungi se-Fuel
Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlanza uphethiloli. Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi ukungcoliswa kukaphethiloli kuvame ukuba yingozi kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Lokhu kungenxa yezixazululo zokuklama - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemishini yomjovo wengcindezi ephezulu ekufakweni kwengcindezi ephezulu.
Imvamisa, ezinhlelweni zamandla ezinjini zokuthungela izinhlansi, kusetshenziswa izihlungi zokuvikela ezinezikhala kuphela nezihlungi zomugqa wephepha ezincane.
Isihlungi se-mains sivame ukufakwa enjinini phakathi kwepompo ye-booster nama-injector. Ibonakala ngokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu. Sifaka esikhundleni ngemuva kokugijima kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15. km kufika ku-50 ayizinkulungwane km - kuye ngokuthi umenzi. Ukunemba kokuhlanza uphethiloli kuncike ohlotsheni lwephepha elisetshenzisiwe.
Izindleko zokuthenga isihlungi sikaphethiloli zisukela kokumbalwa kuya kwamashumi amaningana ama-zloty. Ukushintshwa kwayo ngokuvamile akunzima, ngakho singakwenza ngokwethu. Naka ngokukhethekile isiqondiso sokugeleza kukaphethiloli, okumakwe ngemicibisholo ezihlungini.
Bheka futhi:
Ukushintsha izihlungi emotweni - isithombe
Ukushintsha amafutha enjini yemoto - umhlahlandlela
Isikhathi - ukushintshwa, ibhande kanye ne-chain drive. Umhlahlandlela
Ukulungiselela imoto ebusika: yini okufanele uyihlole, yini ongayishintsha (PHOTO)
Isihlungi somoya
Isihlungi somoya sivikela injini ekungcoleni okungena enjinini.
“Izihlungi zomoya zanamuhla kumadrayivu anamandla zifuna kakhulu,” kusho uDariusz Nalevaiko. - Ukuhlanzwa okuphelele komoya ngaphambi kokuba ungene emagumbini omlilo kuyisidingo sokusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwezingxenye zokusebenza.
Umoya uyisici esibalulekile ekushisweni kukaphethiloli enjinini. Iqiniso elijabulisayo: 1000 cc injini enemivimbo emine. cm ngomzuzu owodwa - ku-7000 rpm. - imunca cishe amalitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye omoya. Ihora lomsebenzi oqhubekayo, lokhu kubiza cishe amalitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu!
Lokhu kuningi, kodwa lezi zinombolo zithatha ukubaluleka okukhethekile lapho siqala ukuba nesithakazelo emoyeni ngokwawo. Ngisho nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umoya ohlanzekile uqukethe ngokwesilinganiso mayelana ne-1 mg yothuli nge-cubic meter ngayinye.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi injini incela isilinganiso esingaba ngu-20 g wothuli ngamakhilomitha angu-1000 eqhutshwa. Gcina uthuli lungangeni ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokushayela, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza indawo engaphezulu yamasilinda, ama-piston, nama-piston ring, okuzokwenza kube mfushane ukuphila kwenjini.
Bheka futhi: I-Turbo emotweni - amandla amaningi, kodwa inkathazo eyengeziwe. Umhlahlandlela
Qaphela futhi unembile lapho ushintsha isihlungi somoya. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyo, ngisho nengxenye encane kakhulu, akungeni ngaphakathi enjinini. Izindleko zesihlungi somoya esishintshwayo esiteshini esigunyaziwe ngokuvamile ziba ngu-PLN 100. Isihlungi somoya kufanele simelane ngokombono kusukela ekuhlolweni kuya ekuhlolweni, i.e. 15-20 izinkulungwane. km of run. Empeleni, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi kubukeka kanjani ngemuva kokushayela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Bheka futhi: Izihlungi zomoya zezemidlalo - uzotshala nini?
Isihlungi se-Cabin
Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi sihlungi ukuhlanza umoya ofakwe ngaphakathi kwemoto. Ibamba iningi lempova, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, uthuli, intuthu, izinhlayiya ze-asphalt, izinhlayiya zenjoloba ezivela kumathayi abrasive, i-quartz nezinye izinto ezingcolile zomoya eziqoqwe phezu komgwaqo.
Izihlungi zekhabethe kufanele zishintshwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka noma ngemva kokushayela amakhilomitha angu-15. amakhilomitha. Ngeshwa, abashayeli abaningi bayakhohlwa ngalokhu, futhi ukungena kokungcola emotweni kungaphazamisa umshayeli nabagibeli.
Izimpawu zokugcina zokushintshwa kwesihlungi yilezi:
- ukuhwamuka kwamafasitela,
- ukwehla okubonakalayo kwenani lomoya oshaywa yi-fan,
- iphunga elingathandeki ekamelweni, elivela kumagciwane aphindaphinda esihlungini.
Izihlungi zekhabethe azisizi nje abantu abane-allergies, abangezwani nayo noma abaphethwe isifuba somoya. Ngenxa yabo, inhlalakahle yomshayeli nabagibeli iyathuthuka, futhi uhambo alugcini nje ngokuphepha, kodwa futhi luyancipha ukucindezeleka. Phela, simi emigwaqweni yezimoto, sichayeka ekuhogeleni izinto eziyingozi, ukugxila kwazo emotweni kuze kube izikhathi eziyisithupha ngaphezu komgwaqo.
Ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kwesihlungi somoya se-cabin kuthintwa yikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokunemba komsebenzi. Ama-cartridges wephepha akufanele asetshenziswe ezihlungini zomoya zekhabhinethi njengoba engasebenzi kahle kakhulu ekumunceni ukungcola kanye nokuhlunga kancane uma emanzi.
Bheka futhi: I-air conditioner nayo idinga ukulungiswa ekwindla nasebusika. Umhlahlandlela
Izihlungi zekhabethe ezinekhabhoni ecushiwe
Ukuze uvikele impilo yakho, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isihlungi se-carbon cabin esicushiwe. Inosayizi ofanayo nesihlungi esijwayelekile futhi ibamba ngokwengeziwe amagesi ayingozi. Ukuze isihlungi se-carbon cabin esicushiwe sithwebule amaphesenti angu-100 ezinto eziyingozi zegesi njenge-ozone, izinhlanganisela zesulphur nezinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen eziphuma kumagesi akhipha umoya, kufanele siqukathe ikhwalithi enhle yekhabhoni ecushiwe.
Isihlungi esisebenzayo sisiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungezwani komzimba kulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni namehlo, ikhala eligijimayo noma ukucasuka kokuphefumula - izifo ezithinta kakhulu abantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi ngemuva kwesondo.
Empeleni, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa isikhathi lapho isihlungi sizovaleka ngokuphelele. Impilo yesevisi incike enanini lokungcola emoyeni.
"Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlanza lesi sihlungi ngokuphumelelayo," kuchaza uDariusz Nalevaiko. - Ngakho-ke, isihlungi se-cabin kufanele sishintshwe njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-15. km of run, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuhleliwe noma okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Amanani okuhlunga amakhabethe asukela ku-PLN 70-80. Ukuhwebelana kungenziwa ngokuzimela.
Bheka futhi: Imoto ye-LPG - ukusebenza kwasebusika
Isihlungi se-Particulate
Isihlungi se-Diesel Particulate (i-DPF noma i-FAP ngamafuphi) sifakwe kumasistimu wokukhipha umoya wezinjini zikadizili. Ikhipha izinhlayiya ze-soot kumagesi wokuqeda. Ukwethulwa kwezihlungi ze-DPF kuqede ukukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezimotweni ezindala ezinezinjini zikadizili.
Ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi esisebenza kahle kusuka kumaphesenti angama-85 kuye kwayi-100, okusho ukuthi akungeni ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-15 emkhathini. ukungcola.
Bheka futhi: Injini yesimanje diesel - kungenzeka futhi kanjani ukususa DPF isihlungi kuyo. Umhlahlandlela
Izinhlayiya ze-soot ezinqwabelana kusihlungi zibangela ukuthi kancane kancane zivale futhi zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kahle. Ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa izihlungi ezilahlwayo ezidinga ukushintshwa njengoba isihlungi sigcwala. Isixazululo esithuthuke kakhulu ukuzihlanza kwesihlungi, okubandakanya ukushiswa kwe-catalytic kwe-soot ngemva kokuba isihlungi sifinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngokwanele.
Amasistimu asebenzayo okushisa umle oqoqwe kusihlungi nawo asetshenziswa - isibonelo, ushintsho lwezikhathi ezithile kumodi yokusebenza kwenjini. Enye indlela yokuvuselela isihlungi ngenkuthalo ukusishisisa ngezikhathi ezithile ngelangabi elengeziwe lengxube elijovwe esihlungini, ngenxa yalokho kushiswa umule.
Isilinganiso sempilo yesihlungi singaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-160. amakhilomitha ukugijima. Izindleko zokuvuselela ngaleso sikhathi yi-PLN 300-500.
Ukushintshwa kwesihlungi nezintengo - I-ASO / isevisi ezimele:
* Isihlungi samafutha - PLN 30-45, abasebenzi - PLN 36/30 (kuhlanganise nokushintshwa kwamafutha), ushintsho - njalo nge-10-20 km eyizinkulungwane noma njalo ngonyaka;
* Isihlungi sikaphethiloli (imoto enenjini kaphethiloli) - PLN 50-120, abasebenzi - PLN 36/30, ukushintshwa - njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-15-50. km;
* Isihlungi se-cabin - PLN 70-80, umsebenzi - PLN 36/30, ukushintshwa - njalo ngonyaka noma zonke izinkulungwane eziyi-15. km;
* Isihlungi somoya - i-PLN 60-70, abasebenzi - PLN 24/15, ukushintshwa - okuphezulu njalo ngezinkulungwane ezingama-20. km;
* Isihlungi se-diesel particulate - PLN 4, sebenza i-PLN 500, esikhundleni - ngokwesilinganiso njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-160. km (uma lesi sihlungi, amanani angafinyelela ku-PLN 14).
Sengeza ukuthi umshayeli onolwazi oluthile lwemishini kufanele akwazi ukushintsha izihlungi: uphethiloli, ikhabethe nomoya ngaphandle kosizo lukamakhenikha.
Umbhalo nesithombe: Piotr Walchak
