Amafutha e-CBD kanye nokukhishwa kwe-hemp

Muva nje, ukuthandwa kwamalungiselelo e-cannabis kukhule kakhulu. Ukuhlotshaniswa nensangu kungenzeka kube nomthelela ngokwengxenye kulo mkhuba. Kodwa-ke, okukhishwe ngokusemthethweni kwe-hemp namafutha e-CBD akufani nensangu ngoba aziqukethe i-THC edakayo. Kulo mbhalo, sizophendula imibuzo elandelayo: yini i-hemp, ayini amafutha e-CBD, atholakala kanjani, yini eyaziwayo ngomphumela wawo emzimbeni womuntu?

UDkt. N. Pharm. UMaria Kaspshak

Qaphela: Lo mbhalo ungokwezinjongo zokwaziswa, awuyona indlela yokuzelapha, akunjalo futhi awukwazi ukuthatha indawo yokubonisana nodokotela komuntu ngamunye!

I-Hemp isitshalo esitshalwe amakhulu eminyaka

I-Hemp, noma i-Cannabis sativa, isitshalo esilinywayo esitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, kunezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo ze-cannabis, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile. I-Hemp isilinywe amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yemicu yayo, esetshenziselwa ukwenza intambo, intambo kanye ne-tow, kanye nezindwangu (yingakho izinhlobonhlobo ze-hemp). Amafutha e-Hemp akhishwa embewini, eyayisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudla nezimboni - isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwamapende nama-varnish. Mayelana nalokhu, i-hemp inokusetshenziswa okufanayo nefilakisi (ephinde itshalwe i-fiber yayo kanye nembewu yamafutha), futhi ngaphambi kokuba ukotini wethulwe eYurophu, iflakisi ne-hemp kwakuyimithombo eyinhloko yemicu yezitshalo yezingubo kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi ngaphambi kokusabalala kokutshalwa kwe-rapeseed ePoland, kwakungamafutha e-hemp, eduze namafutha e-linseed futhi, kancane kancane, amafutha embewu ye-poppy, okwakungamafutha emifino athandwa kakhulu emaphandleni asePoland. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha emifino kwakudume kakhulu ngesikhathi se-Advent ne-Lent, lapho amafutha ezilwane ayezila ukudla futhi engadliwa.

I-Hemp, i-hemp, insangu - yini umehluko?

Njengamanje, i-hemp iyathakazelisa njengesitshalo sokwelapha. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu ama-inflorescences wesifazane, acebile ngezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ama-cannabinoids (noma: ama-cannabinoids) kanye ne-terpenes. Isithako esinesibopho somphumela we-narcotic we-cannabis i-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), okuyisithako esidakayo esidala imizwa yenjabulo, ukuphumula, izinguquko ekuboneni okungokoqobo, njll. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iTHC ne-cannabis equkethe ngaphezu kuka-0,2 .XNUMX% iTHC ngokwesisindo esomile, abhekwa njengesidakamizwa ePoland, futhi ukuthengiswa kwawo nokusetshenziswa kwawo akukho emthethweni.

ICannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. Indica, insangu) inokugxila okuphezulu kweTHC. Izinhlobo zeCannabis eziqukethe ukugxila okuphansi kweTHC zihlukaniswa njenge-hemp yezimboni (Cannabis sativa, hemp), azinazo izinto ezidakayo, futhi ukutshala nokuthengisa kwazo akunqatshelwe. Ukuthi i-cannabis ne-cannabis yezimboni ziyizinhlobo zezinhlobo ezifanayo, noma izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene, asikho isivumelwano esiphelele, kodwa kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo akubalulekile kakhulu.

Ama-cannabinoids nama-terpenes angama-phytochemicals atholakala ku-cannabis

I-Cannabis sativa iqukethe amanani omkhondo we-THC, kepha kunezinye izinhlanganisela ezihlukaniswa njengama-cannabinoids (noma ama-cannabinoids), kufaka phakathi i-CBD - cannabidiol (cannabidiol) kanye ne-terpenes, i.e. izinto ezitholakala ezitshalweni eziningi ezinesici, iphunga elimnandi. I-CBD ayinazo izinto ezidakayo kubantu futhi ayiluthi. Ama-cannabinoids kanye nama-terpenes e-cannabis agxile kakhulu ezinweleni eziyizindlala ezikhula kuma-inflorescence wesifazane. Ukukhiqizwa kwazo, kanye ne-hemp resin equkethe lezi zinhlanganisela, kunamathele kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuvikele isitshalo ekomeni nasekukhuleni kwamagciwane uma sonakalisiwe.

I-Terpenes efana ne-pinenes, i-terpineol, i-limonene, i-linalool, i-myrcene (kanye nabanye abaningi) ayizinhlanganisela ezitholakala hhayi ku-cannabis kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izitshalo eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinephunga elimnandi. Ziyizithako emafutheni amaningi abalulekile emvelo namakha, kanye nephunga elimnandi elengezwe ezimonyoni. Ezinye zazo zinezinto ezilwa namagciwane ezilawula ukugayeka kokudla kanye nokuphuma kwenyongo (isibonelo, i-alpha ne-beta pinene). Kodwa-ke, angabangela i-allergies, ngakho-ke abantu abangezwani kahle kufanele bawasebenzise ngokuqapha.

Imiphumela yokwelapha yama-cannabinoids - izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-THC ne-CBD

Ama-cannabinoids asebenza emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa okuthiwa yi-cannabinoid receptors, etholakala ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinzwa nasemangqamuzaneni amasosha omzimba. Lawa ma-receptors ayingxenye yeyodwa "yezindlela zokuxhumana nezindlela zokulawula" emzimbeni, njengama-opioid receptors nezinye. Uhlelo lwe-endocannabinoid emzimbeni lulawula imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, efana nemizwa nesifiso sokudla, kanye nokusabela kwamasosha omzimba, futhi kunomthelela ohlelweni lwe-endocrine. I-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ithinta kakhulu ama-receptors ebuchosheni, okubangela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umuzwa wokudakwa. I-Cannabidiol (CBD) ibonakala inomthelela omncane kuma-cannabinoid receptors, kodwa nakwabanye, njenge-histamine. Cishe futhi ishintsha imiphumela ye-THC.

 Ama-Anabinoid bathole ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezokwelapha. Umuthi oqukethe i-THC yokwenziwa, i-dronabinol, ugunyazwe yi-US FDA ukuze wehlise ukuhlanza futhi uthuthukise isifiso sokudla ezigulini eziwohlokayo ze-AIDS kanye nomdlavuza. I-Sativex equkethe i-THC ne-CBD iyatholakala ePoland futhi ikhonjiswe ukukhululeka kwe-spasticity (ukufinyela kwemisipha ngokweqile) ezigulini ezine-multiple sclerosis. I-Epidiolex iwukwakhiwa okusanda kuvunywa okuqukethe i-CBD emsulwa emafutheni esesame, ekhonjiswe ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zesithuthwane ezinganeni - i-Dravet syndrome kanye ne-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Ayikatholakali e-Poland.

Amafutha e-Hemp namafutha e-CBD - aqukethe ini futhi atholakala kanjani?

Amafutha e-Hemp ngokuyisisekelo angamafutha avela kumbewu ye-hemp. Ziwumkhiqizo wokudla obalulekile, zinambitheka kamnandi futhi ziqukethe ama-acids abalulekile angagcwalisiwe i-omega-3 ne-omega-6 ngokwesilinganiso esivumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafutha e-CBD ngokuvamile amafutha ezitshalo (i-hemp noma enye) kanye nokwengezwa kokukhishwa (okukhishwe) ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zesitshalo se-hemp - amaqabunga noma izimbali. Futhi - ngenxa yokugxila kwabo - ukunambitheka kwabo akusajabulisi ngempela.

Esinye sezithako eziyinhloko zalokhu kukhishwa yi-cannabidiol (CBD), yingakho igama lale mithi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-hemp nakho kuqukethe ezinye izinto zezitshalo (noma ama-phytochemicals, kusukela ku-Greek "phyton" - isitshalo), okungukuthi amanye ama-cannabinoids, ama-terpenes nezinye izinto eziningi, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-hemp olusetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela yokukhipha, i.e. khipha. Abakhiqizi kwesinye isikhathi babhala "i-spectrum egcwele" kulebula ukukhombisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe insangu ephelele. Ama-solvents e-organic angasetshenziselwa ukukhipha, okungukuthi "ukugeza" kanye nokugxila kwezinhlanganisela ezithakazelisayo ezivela ezintweni zezitshalo, ngoba ama-cannabinoids namanye ama-phytochemicals awancibiliki emanzini. Le ndlela inezingqinamba zayo - izinsalela ze-solvent zingangcolisa umkhiqizo oqediwe, futhi izinsalela zazo kufanele zilahlwe kahle. Kungakho lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-supercritical CO2 extraction. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi njenge-solvent ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu, i.e. kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izimo ezibucayi kakhulu.

 Lena incazelo eyinkimbinkimbi emkhakheni we-physics of the physical states, kodwa okubalulekile kithi ukuthi i-carbon dioxide ewuketshezi incibilikisa izinto ezingancibiliki emanzini, ayinabo ubuthi futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ihwamuka kalula ngaphandle kokushiya ukungcola. . Ngakho-ke, lokhu kukhishwa kwe-CO2 okunamandla kakhulu kuyindlela "ehlanzekile" esetshenziswa ezimbonini zemithi nezokudla.

Kwesinye isikhathi ungafunda ngamafutha e-CBD ukuthi "ayi-decarboxylated." Kusho ukuthini? Yebo, ama-cannabinoids amaningi akhiqizwa izitshalo ngendlela ene-acidic. Ake sikukhumbuze esikoleni ukuthi iqembu lama-asidi e-organic liyiqembu le-carboxyl, noma -COOH. Ukushisisa isithelo esomisiwe noma ukukhishwa kwephula leli qembu ku-molecule ye-cannabinoid futhi kuyikhiphe njenge-carbon dioxide - CO2. Lena inqubo ye-decarboxylation lapho i-cannabidiol (CBD), isibonelo, ingatholakala ku-cannabidiolic acid (CBDA).

Ingabe amafutha e-CBD anomphumela wokuphulukisa?

Ingabe okukhishwe kwe-hemp, amalungiselelo emithi noma uwoyela we-CBD kuyafana namalungiselelo asohlwini, njenge-Epidiolex equkethe i-CBD? Cha, azifani. Okokuqala, azinayo i-THC. Okwesibili, i-Epidiolex iqukethe i-cannabidiol emsulwa encibilikiswe emafutheni, ahlolelwe imithamo ethile. Amafutha e-CBD aqukethe i-cocktail ephelele yezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ze-cannabis. Akwaziwa ukuthi ukutholakala kwamanye ama-phytochemicals kuguqula kanjani imiphumela ye-cannabidiol emzimbeni. Uwoyela we-CBD wenkampani eyodwa ungaba nokwakheka okuhluke ngokuphelele kunokwenye, njengoba bengasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hemp, izindlela zokukhiqiza, nokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo mayelana nezithako zokudla eziqukethe uwoyela we-CBD zibonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwangempela kwe-cannabidiol nezinye izithako kungase kuhluke kulokho okumenyezelwe umenzi, njengoba ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwesengezo akukho ngaphansi kokuqina okufanayo nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa. . Azikho futhi izivivinyo zemitholampilo ezanele okwamanje zokuqinisekisa izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zamafutha e-CBD ezifweni ezithile, ngakho-ke futhi awekho imithamo ehleliwe engabangela imiphumela ethile.

Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, amafutha e-CBD awakwazi ukubhekwa njengezokwelapha futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi, isibonelo, i-Epidiolex iyafana nowoyela we-CBD. Ngokufanayo, i-willow bark ayifani ne-aspirin. Lokhu akusho ukuthi uwoyela we-CBD awuthinti umzimba futhi akazishintshi izimpawu zesifo - kuncane okuthembekile, imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngalesi sihloko.

Ungawasebenzisa kanjani ngokuphepha amafutha e-CBD?

Ngaphandle kokuntuleka kobufakazi bomtholampilo bemiphumela yokwelapha yamafutha e-CBD, ayatholakala emakethe futhi aya ngokuya ethandwa. Awathengiswa njengezidakamizwa, kodwa bayanda abantu abafuna ukuwazama. Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa uwoyela we-CBD, kunemithetho embalwa ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule.

• Okokuqala, bheka amafutha e-CBD asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu avela kubakhiqizi abathembekile. Buza ngesimo sokubhaliswa komkhiqizo, izitifiketi zokuhlaziya ukwakheka, okungcono okwenziwa amalabhorethri ezinkampani zangaphandle.
• Okwesibili, hlola nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi. I-Cannabidiol kanye nama-phytochemicals angasebenzisana nezidakamizwa ukunciphisa noma ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yazo noma kubangele imiphumela enobuthi. Kunezitshalo eziningi namakhambi asabela kabi emithini eminingi (njenge-St. John's wort noma i-grapefruit), ngakho "imvelo" akusho ukuthi "iphephile ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo."
• Hlola nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuthatha uwoyela we-CBD kungasiza yini. Encwadini yezincwadi uzothola imithombo ezokusiza wenze isinqumo sakho.
• Nquma inani noma ukunikezwa kwamafutha owathathayo nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukusekela ukuphathwa kwezifo ezingapheli noma uthatha eminye imithi. Lapho unquma inani lamafutha owathathayo, khumbula ukuthi kukhona amafutha anamazinga ahlukene kanye nokugxila kwe-CBD, khetha ukulungiswa okuthile.
• Ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshele okuhlukile, ungeqi umthamo otuswe umenzi.
• Qaphela ukuthi i-cannabidiol namanye ama-phytochemicals nawo angaba nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngemithamo ephezulu noma lapho esetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Kungaba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukozela, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, izinkinga zesibindi noma izinso. Kungase kube neminye imisebenzi esingayazi ngenxa yocwaningo oluncane kule ndawo. Buka ukusabela kwakho!
• Ungasebenzisi amafutha e-CBD uma unenkinga yesibindi noma yezinso, noma uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho uma ungabaza!
• Ungalokothi wenqabe incwadi kadokotela wakho ukuze uvune amafutha e-CBD "aziphilisayo"! Ikakhulukazi uma ugula kakhulu, njengomdlavuza, isifo sezinzwa noma ingqondo, akufanele ukwenze lokhu. Ungazilimaza kakhulu.

I-Bibliography

1. I-CANNABIDIOL (CBD), Umbiko Wokubuyekeza Okubalulekile, Ikomidi Lochwepheshe Lokuncika Kwezidakamizwa, Umhlangano Wamashumi Amane, e-Geneva, 4–7 June 2018 https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf (dostęp 04.01.2021)
2. Ijenali Yemithetho 2005 No. 179, art. 1485, Umthetho we-AWA kaJulayi 29, 2005 wokulwa nokulutha izidakamizwa. Izixhumanisi zomthetho nezinye izenzo zomthetho: https://www.kbpn.gov.pl/portal?id=108828 (idethi yokufinyelela: 04.01.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX)
3. Ulwazi mayelana ne-Sativex: https://www.mp.pl/pacjent/leki/lek/88409,Sativex-aerozol-do-stosowania-w-jamie-ustnej (Kufinyelelwe: 04.01.2021/XNUMX/XNUMX)
4. Ulwazi mayelana ne-Epidiolex (ngesiNgisi): https://www.epidiolex.com (Kufinyelelwe: 001.2021)
5. Amanothi esifundo: VanDolah HJ, Bauer BA, Mauck KF. "Umhlahlandlela Kadokotela ku-Cannabidiol kanye namafutha e-Hemp". I-Mayo Clean Proc. 2019 Sep;94(9):1840-1851 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.003. I-Epub 2019, Agasti 22. PMID:31447137 https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0025-6196%2819%2930007-2 (dostęp 04.01.2021)
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