Imaski ye-FFP2 namanye ama-antivirus masks - ahluke kanjani komunye nomunye?

Izinqumo zokuphatha ezihlobene nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus zidinga umphakathi ukuthi uvale imilomo nekhala ngamamaski afanelekile, ngesincomo sokusebenzisa imaski ye-FFP2. Kusho ukuthini? Sizwa amagama neziphakamiso ezivela yonke indawo: imaski, imaski, imaski ewuhhafu, i-FFP1, i-FFP2, i-FFP3, ilahlwayo, isebenziseka kabusha, ngesihlungi, i-valve, indwangu, engalukiwe, njll. Kulula ukudideka kulokhu kugeleza kolwazi, ngakho-ke kulo mbhalo sichaza ukuthi izimpawu zisho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zama-antivirus masks ezifanele.

UDkt. N. Pharm. UMaria Kaspshak

Imaski, imaski uhhafu noma imaski yobuso?

Onyakeni odlule, besivamise ukuzwa igama elithi "imaski yobuso" lisetshenziswa kumongo wokumboza ubuso ngezinjongo zempilo. Leli akulona igama elisemthethweni noma elisemthethweni, kodwa liwukunciphisa okuvamile. Igama elilungile elithi "imask" noma "i-half mask", okusho into yokuvikela evikela umlomo nekhala. Imikhiqizo ephawulwe ngophawu lwe-FFP ihluza imaski ewuhhafu eklanyelwe ukuhlunga uthuli oluphuma emoyeni nama-aerosol. Baphumelela izivivinyo ezifanele futhi ngemuva kwazo bathola ukuhlukaniswa kwe-FFP 1-3.

Amamaski ezokwelapha namamaski okuhlinzwa aklanyelwe ukuvikela odokotela nabasebenzi bezokwelapha kubhaktheriya kanye noketshezi olungase lube izifo ezithathelwanayo. Zibuye zihlolwe futhi zilebulwe ngokufanele. I-FFP yokuhlunga imaski eyingxenye ihlukaniswa njengempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu, okungukuthi i-PPE (Isisetshenziswa Somuntu Sokuzivikela, i-PPE), kuyilapho imaski yezokwelapha ingaphansi kwemithetho ehluke kancane futhi ingeyemishini yezokwelapha. Kukhona futhi imaski engeyona eyezokwelapha eyenziwe ngendwangu noma ezinye izinto, ezilahlwayo noma ezisebenziseka kabusha, ezingekho ngaphansi kwanoma yimiphi imithetho ngakho-ke azibhekwa njenge-PPE noma izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha.

Amamaski okuhlunga e-FFP - ayini futhi yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele ahlangabezane nazo?

Isifinyezo esithi FFP sisuka emagameni esiNgisi athi Face Filtering Piece, okusho ukuthi umkhiqizo wokuhlunga umoya ogqokwa ebusweni. Ngokusemthethweni, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-half masks ngoba azimbozi ubuso bonke, kodwa kuphela umlomo nekhala, kodwa leli gama alivamile ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela. Zivame ukuthengiswa njengezifihla-buso zokulwa nothuli noma intuthu. Imaski ewuhhafu ye-FFP ayizinto zokuzivikela eziklanyelwe ukuvikela ogqokile ezinhlayiyeni ezingase zibe yingozi emoyeni. Njengokwejwayelekile, zihlolelwa amandla azo okuhlunga izinhlayiya ezinkulu kuno-300 nanometers. Lezi zingaba izinhlayiya eziqinile (uthuli), kanye namaconsi amancane kakhulu oketshezi amisiwe emoyeni, okungukuthi ama-aerosols. Omaski be-FFP baphinde bahlolelwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza okuphelele kwangaphakathi (ihlola ukuthi ungakanani umoya ovuza ngezikhala ngenxa yokungafani kwemaski) kanye nokumelana nokuphefumula.

 Amamaski e-FFP1, lapho esetshenziswa futhi efakwe kahle, azothatha okungenani u-80% wezinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni ezinkulu kuno-300 nm ububanzi. Imaski ye-FFP2 kumele ibambe okungenani u-94% walezi zinhlayiya, kuyilapho imaski ye-FFP3 kufanele ibambe u-99%.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imaski ye-FFP1 kufanele inikeze ukuvikeleka kokuvuza kwangaphakathi okungaphansi kwama-25% (isb. ukugeleza komoya ngenxa yokuvuza kwezimpawu), i-FFP2 ngaphansi kuka-11% kanye ne-FFP3 ngaphansi kuka-5%. Amamaski e-FFP angase abe namavalvu okwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Avalwa ngesikhathi sokuhogela ukuze ahlunge umoya owuphefumulayo ngezinto zemaski, kodwa avuleke phakathi nokukhipha umoya ukuze kube lula ukuthi umoya uphume.

Amamaski ane-valve awasebenzi ekuvikeleni abanye ezifweni ezingase zibe khona zokuphefumula ngenxa yokuthi umoya okhishiwe uphuma ungahlungiwe. Ngakho-ke, azikulungele ukusetshenziswa abantu abagulayo noma abasolwayo ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo. Nokho, avikela impilo yomuntu ogqokile ekuhogeleni uthuli nama-aerosol, okungase futhi kube namandla okuthwala amagciwane.

Amamaski e-FFP ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kanye, amakwe ngohlamvu olu-2 oluphambanisiwe noma u-N noma u-NR (ukusetshenziswa okukodwa), kodwa angaphinda asetshenziswe, lapho ephawulwa ngohlamvu u-R (ongasetshenziswa kabusha). Hlola lokhu kulebula yomkhiqizo othile. Khumbula ukugqoka imaski kuphela isikhathi esishiwo umenzi, bese ufaka entsha - ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, izakhiwo zokuhlunga ziyawohloka futhi asisaqinisekiswa ngokuvikelwa okuzonikezwa imaski entsha.

Amamaski anezihlungi ezishintshwayo P1, P2 noma P3

Olunye uhlobo lwamamaski amamaski noma imaski eyingxenye eyenziwe ngepulasitiki engangeni moya kodwa efakwe isihlungi esingashintshwa. Imaski enjalo, eshintshwa ngendlela efanele isihlungi, ivamise ukusebenziseka kabusha. Lezi zimaski nezihlungi zingaphansi kokuhlolwa okufanayo njengemaski ye-FFP futhi imakwe P1, P2 noma P3. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuhlunga, i.e. imaski ephumelelayo. Izihlungi ze-P1 ezisebenza kahle zingama-80% (zingakwazi ukudlula ku-20% wezinhlayiya ze-aerosol ezinobubanzi obuyi-300 nm), izihlungi ze-P2 - 94%, izihlungi ze-P3 - 99,95%. Uma ukhetha imaskhi ngenxa yemithetho ye-coronavirus, khona-ke uma kwenzeka imaski enesihlungi, hlola ukuthi ayinayo yini i-valve evula lapho kukhishwa umoya. Uma imaski ine-valve enjalo, kusho ukuthi ivikela kuphela ogqokile, hhayi abanye.

Imaski yezokwelapha - "imaski yokuhlinzwa"

Imaski yezokwelapha igqokwa abasebenzi bezempilo nsuku zonke. Zenzelwe ukuvikela isiguli ekungcolisweni yizisebenzi, kanye nokuvikela izisebenzi ekuthelelekeni ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni esigulini. Ngalesi sizathu, imaski yezokwelapha ihlolelwa ukuvuza kwamagciwane kanye nokuvuza - umqondo wokuthi uma uchaphazwe ngoketshezi olungase lube izifo ezithathelwanayo - amathe, igazi noma okunye uketshezi - ubuso bukadokotela buvikelekile. Imaski yezokwelapha ingeyokusetshenziswa kanye kuphela futhi kufanele ilahlwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Imvamisa aqukethe izingqimba ezintathu - ungqimba lwangaphandle, lwe-hydrophobic (okungenamanzi), oluphakathi nendawo - ukuhlunga kanye nengaphakathi - olunikeza ukunethezeka kokusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile azilingani ngokuqinile ebusweni, ngakho-ke azihloselwe ukuvikela ngokumelene nama-aerosol nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, kodwa kuphela ngokuthintana namaconsi amakhudlwana angakwazi ukuchaphazela ebusweni.

Amalebula - iyiphi imaski ongayikhetha?

Okokuqala, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ayikho imaskhi ezosinikeza isivikelo esingu-XNUMX%, inganciphisa kuphela ubungozi bokuxhumana namagciwane. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-mask kuncike ngokuyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okulungile nokushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokuhambisana neminye imithetho yenhlanzeko - ukugeza nokubulala amagciwane izandla, hhayi ukuthinta ubuso, njll. Kufanele futhi ucabange ukuthi iyiphi inhloso ofuna ukusebenzisa imaski - noma uzivikele noma uvikele abanye uma kwenzeka sitheleleka thina. 

Amamaski e-FFP - ahlunga ama-aerosols nothuli, ukuze akwazi ukuvikela kumabhaktheriya namagciwane amiswe ezinhlayiyeni ezinjalo. Uma sinendaba nokuvikelwa okungcono kwepheshana lethu lokuphefumula, kufanelekile ukukhetha imaskhi ye-FFP2 noma imaski enesihlungi se-P2 (ukusetshenziswa kwemaski ye-FFP3 kunconywa ezimeni ezinobungozi obukhulu, hhayi nsuku zonke. Nokho, uma othile efuna futhi uzizwa ekhululekile ukugqoka imaskhi enjalo, ungayisebenzisa). Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi lapho izihlungi zemaski zingcono, ziphakamisa ukumelana nokuphefumula, ngakho-ke lesi sixazululo singase singakhululeki kubantu abane-asthma, i-COPD noma ezinye izifo zamaphaphu. Izifihla-buso ezinamavalve okukhipha umoya azibavikeli abanye. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuvikela abanye futhi, kungcono ukhethe imaski ye-FFP ngaphandle kwe-valve. Ukusebenza kwe-mask kuncike ekuzivumelaniseni nobuso nokuhambisana nesikhathi nemibandela yokusetshenziswa.

Amamaski ezokwelapha - ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekuchaphazeni kwamaconsi lapho ukhuluma, ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Azilingani ngokuqinile ebusweni, ngakho-ke zivame ukugqokwa kalula kunamaski e-FFP. Futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kunamaski akhethekile e-FFP. Ziyisixazululo sendawo yonke ezimweni eziningi zansuku zonke lapho udinga ukuvala umlomo nekhala. Kudingeka zishintshwe njalo futhi kufakwe ezintsha.

Amanye amamaski awahlolwa, enziwa ngezinto ezihlukene, ngakho-ke akwaziwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlayiya ezivikela kuzo nokuthi zingakanani. Kuncike ezintweni ze-mask nezinye izici eziningi. Umqondo ojwayelekile ungaphakamisa ukuthi indwangu enjalo noma imaski engalukiwe ivikele ekuchaphazeni kwamaconsi amathe uma ukhuluma, ukhwehlela futhi uthimula. Ashibhile futhi ngokuvamile kulula ukuwaphefumula kune-FFP noma imaski yezokwelapha. Uma sisebenzisa imaskhi yendwangu engasetshenziswa kabusha, kufanele igezwe ekushiseni okuphezulu ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.

Indlela yokugqoka imaski noma imaski yokuzivikela?

• Funda futhi ulandele imiyalelo yomkhiqizi wemaski.
• Geza noma uhlanze izandla zakho ngaphambi kokufaka imaski.
• Ilingana kahle ebusweni bakho ukuze ugweme ukuvuza. Izinwele zobuso zikhawulela ikhono lemaski ukuthi lilingane kahle.
• Uma ugqoka izibuko, qaphela ngokukhethekile ukulingana ekhaleni lakho ukuze ugcine amalensi angafihli.
• Ungayithinti imaski ngenkathi uyigqokile.
• Susa imaski ngamabhande okunwebeka noma othayi ngaphandle kokuthinta ingaphambili.
• Uma imaski ilahlwa, yilahle ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Uma isisebenziseka kabusha, yibulale amagciwane noma igeze ngokwezincomo zomenzi ngaphambi kokuphinda uyisebenzise.
• Shintsha imaski uma iba manzi, ingcolile, noma uma uzwa ukuthi izinga layo liye lehla (isibonelo, sekunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula kunasekuqaleni).

Imibhalo eyengeziwe efanayo ingatholakala ku-AvtoTachki Pasje. Umagazini Online esigabeni Tutorials.

I-Bibliography

1. I-Central Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BHP) - UKUXHUMANA #1 ekuhlolweni nasekuhloleni ukuhambisana kokuvikelwa kokuphefumula, izingubo zokuzivikela, nokuvikelwa kwamehlo nobuso kumongo wemisebenzi yokuvimbela ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Isixhumanisi: https://m.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/file/89576/2020032052417&COVID-badania-srodkow-ochrony-ind-w-CIOP-PIB-Komunikat-pdf (kufinyelelwe 03.03.2021).
2. Ulwazi mayelana nemithetho emayelana nemaski ezokwelapha - http://www.wyrobmedyczny.info/maseczki-medyczne/ (Kufinyelelwe: 03.03.2021).

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