Amafutha omshini
Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kunobudlelwano obuseduze phakathi komklamo wayo, ikhwalithi kawoyela kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amafutha afanele.
Enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kunobudlelwane obuseduze phakathi komklamo wayo, ikhwalithi kawoyela kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amafutha alungile ku-drive yakho futhi uyishintshe njalo. Lenza inani lemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Amafutha anciphisa ukungqubuzana enjinini, anciphisa ukuguga ezindangeni, amapiston, amasilinda namabheringi e-crankshaft. Okwesibili, ivala isikhala phakathi kwe-piston, izindandatho kanye ne-cylinder liner, okuvumela ukucindezela okuphezulu okudalwe kusilinda. Okwesithathu, uwoyela ukuphela kwendlela yokupholisa ama-piston, ama-crankshaft bearings nama-camshafts. Amafutha enjini kufanele abe nokuminyana okulungile kanye ne-viscosity emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ukuze afinyelele kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcoba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi kuqala amakhaza. Ekusebenzeni kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kunobudlelwane obuseduze phakathi komklamo wayo, ikhwalithi kawoyela kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha. Njengoba imithwalo namandla ezinjini kukhula njalo, amafutha okugcoba ahlala ethuthukiswa.
FUNDA FUTHI
Uwushintsha nini uwoyela?
Amafutha enjinini yakho
Indlela yokuqhathanisa amafutha?
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemikhiqizo embalwa emakethe kungenzeka uma kusetshenziswa izigaba ezifanele. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity ye-SAE kwaziwa kahle. Kunezigaba ezinhlanu zamafutha ehlobo kanye nezigaba eziyisithupha zamafutha asebusika. Njengamanje, kukhiqizwa amafutha e-multigrade anezici ze-viscosity zamafutha asebusika kanye nezindawo zokushisa eziphezulu zamafutha ehlobo. Uphawu lwabo luqukethe izinombolo ezimbili ezihlukaniswe "W", njenge-5 W-40. Kusukela ekuhlukaniseni nasekulebeni, kungenziwa isiphetho esisebenzayo: inombolo encane ngaphambi kohlamvu "W", amafutha amancane angasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Uma isibalo sesibili siphezulu, izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphezulu lapho lingalahlekelwa khona izakhiwo zalo. Ezimweni zethu zezulu, amafutha avela ekilasini le-10W-40 afanelekile.
Izigaba zamafutha ngekhwalithi azidumile futhi ziwusizo kakhulu. Njengoba ukwakheka kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwezinjini zaseMelika zihlukile kwezaseYurophu, izigaba ezimbili ze-API ne-ACEA sezenziwe. Esigabeni saseMelika, ikhwalithi yamafutha ezinjini zokuthungela izinhlansi imakwe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili. Eyokuqala inguhlamvu S, eyesibili uhlamvu olulandelayo lwezinhlamvu kusuka ku-A kuya ku-L. Kuze kube manje, uwoyela onophawu lwe-SL uyikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. 
Izinga lamafutha enjini ye-diesel libuye lichazwe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili, eyokuqala engu-C, elandelwa yizinhlamvu ezilandelayo, njenge-CC, CD, CE kanye ne-CF.
Isigaba sekhwalithi samafutha sinquma ukufaneleka kwawo ekugcobeni injini yomklamo othile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza.
Abanye abakhiqizi bezinjini bazenzele ezabo izinhlelo zocwaningo ezihlola uwoyela ukuze zisetshenziswe ezinqoleni zabo zikagesi. Izincomo zikawoyela wenjini zikhishwe izinkampani ezifana neVolkswagen, Mercedes, MAN neVolvo. Lolu ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi balezi zinhlobo zezimoto.
Yimuphi uwoyela ongakhetha kuwo?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zikawoyela wezimoto emakethe: amaminerali, i-semi-synthetic kanye ne-synthetic. Amafutha okwenziwa, nakuba ebiza kakhulu kunamafutha amaminerali, anezinzuzo eziningi. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwenjini, zimelana nezinqubo zokuguga, zinezindawo zokugcoba ezingcono, futhi ezinye zazo zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Njengomthetho, zenzelwe ukugcotshwa kwezinjini ezinama-valve anesivinini esikhulu. Phakathi kwamafutha ayisisekelo okwenziwa, kuneqembu lamafutha elonga u-1,5 kuya ku-3,9 wamaphesenti kaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa injini kuwoyela we-SAE 20W-30. Amafutha okwenziwa awashintsheki namafutha amaminerali.
Imanuwali yemoto ngayinye iqukethe ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana namafutha okufanele asetshenziselwe ukugcwalisa i-pan kawoyela yeyunithi yamandla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto sekuyiminyaka bekhetha abakhiqizi be-petrochemical abakhethiwe, njenge-Citroen ehlotshaniswa ne-Total, i-Renault esebenzisana eduze ne-Elf, kanye nezinjini zokugcwalisa zakwa-Ford ngamafutha anophawu lwakwa-Ford. , kanye ne-Fiat ngamafutha e-Selenia.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga uwoyela ngaphandle kwalawo asetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje, ungayigcwalisi injini ngamafutha ekhwalithi ephansi kunaleyo etuswe umenzi wemoto. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uwoyela wekilasi le-SD akufanele usetshenziswe esikhundleni sikawoyela we-SH. Kungenzeka, nakuba kungekho ukulunga kwezomnotho, ukusebenzisa uwoyela wezinga eliphezulu. Amafutha okwenziwa akufanele asetshenziswe ezinjinini ezihamba ibanga elide. Zinezingxenye zokuhlanza ezincibilikisa amadiphozithi enjinini, ezingaholela ekucindezelekeni kweyunithi yokushayela, imigqa kawoyela yokuvala futhi idale umonakalo.
Isabela kanjani imakethe?
Sekuyiminyaka eminingana manje, iphesenti lamafutha okwenziwa ekuthengeni liye landa kancane kancane, kanti isabelo samafutha amaminerali siyehla. Kodwa-ke, uwoyela wamaminerali usabala ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-40 amafutha ezimoto athengiwe. Amafutha athengwa kakhulu eziteshini zesevisi, egalaji likaphethiloli nasezindaweni ezithengisa izimoto, akuvamile ukuthi kuthengwe ezitolo ezinkulu. Ukukhethwa kohlobo kunqunywa inani, kulandelwa izincomo encwadini yokusebenza yemoto kanye nezeluleko zomakhenikha wezimoto. Umkhuba wokuncishiswa kwezindleko ubonakala nasendleleni uwoyela oshintshwa ngayo. Njengangaphambili, ingxenye yesithathu yabasebenzisi bezimoto ishintsha uwoyela ngokwabo.
Imithetho ejwayelekile yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amakilasi ngamanye.
Hamba izinjini zokushayela
SE class | amafutha anezithasiselo zokucebisa ezenzelwe izinjini 1972-80. |
Ikilasi le-SF | amafutha anezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ezenzelwe izinjini ze-1980-90. |
Ikilasi SG | uwoyela wama-catalytic converters, akhiqizwa ngemuva kuka-1990. |
CX, amakilasi e-SJ | amafutha ezinjini ezinama-valve amaningi anesivinini esiphezulu, amafutha awonga amandla. |
Izinjini ze-Diesel
Ikilasi le-CD | uwoyela wezinjini zasemkhathini nezine-turbocharged zesizukulwane esidala. |
isigaba SE | amafutha ezinjini ezisindayo, akhiqizwa ngemuva kuka-1983 |
Isigaba se-CF | amafutha ezinjini ezinesivinini esikhulu afakwe isiguquli se-catalytic, akhiqizwa ngemuva kuka-1990 |
Amanani okudayisa kwezinye izinhlobo zamafutha ezitsheni eziyilitha elingu-1.
I-BP Visco 2000 15W-40 | I-17,59 zł |
I-BP Visco 3000 10W-40 | I-22,59 zł |
I-BP Visco 5000 5 W-40 | I-32,59 zł |
I-Castrol GTX 15W-40 | I-21,99 zł |
I-Castrol GTX 3 Vikela i-15W-40 | I-29,99 zł |
I-Castrol GTX Magnatec 10W-40 | I-34,99 zł |
I-Castrol GTX Magnatec 5W-40 | I-48,99 zł |
I-Castrol Formula RS 0W-40 | I-52,99 zł |
