Amafutha omshini. Kungani iyancipha?
Abakhiqizi bezimoto banquma izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamafutha okwamukelekayo ngokusekelwe kwinani elikhulu lokuhlolwa nezifundo. Nokho, ezinye izinjini zingadla uwoyela omningi, okungaba yingozi kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bandise kakhulu umkhawulo wokuphepha kulokhu, kodwa yonke into inemikhawulo yayo. Yiziphi izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukawoyela? Uphi umngcele oshiwo ngenhla?
Izizathu zezinga likawoyela eliphansi ukuvuza kwe-turbocharger noma imigqa yokubuya kawoyela evalekile, okuyingxenye ebalulekile kawoyela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amafutha ngokuvamile angena ngokuqondile ohlelweni lokuthatha kanye namakamelo omlilo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinjini ze-diesel ezinokukhubazeka okunjalo zingabhekana nokuqala okungalawulwa kwenjini, okungukuthi ukuvutha okuzenzakalelayo kwamafutha enjini (okuthiwa "ukusheshisa"). Ngenhlanhla, ukwehluleka okunjalo kuyivelakancane kakhulu namuhla, njengoba izinjini eziningi zifakwe ama-dampers akhethekile wokudambisa. Banqamula ukutholakala komoya enjinini, ukuvimbela ukusha okuzenzakalelayo.
“Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwezinga likawoyela ukuguga noma ukulimala kwemishini kwama-piston nama-piston ring. Amasongo avala igumbi lomlilo futhi alihlukanise ne-crankcase. Baphinde basuse amafutha amaningi ezindongeni zesilinda. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kungase kwande ngoba izindandatho azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngendlela efanele. Amafutha ashiywe ezindongeni zesilinda azosha kancane. Iphinde inyuse ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi inciphise namandla, njengoba injini ingeke ikwazi ukubambelela ngokwanele,” kusho u-Andrzej Gusiatinsky, oyiTechnical Manager kwaTOTAL Polska.
Ikhabhoni efakwa emafutheni avuthayo kancane kancane yonakalisa ikhanda le-cylinder, okungukuthi, ama-valve, iziqondiso kanye nezimpawu. Uma injini ihlale ibhekene nomfutho ophansi kawoyela, izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokushisa kukawoyela ezinjengokushisa kwenjini, ukuthwala, udonga lwesilinda noma izindandatho zepiston ezivalekile. Uwoyela omningi enjinini ungonakalisa isiguquli se-catalytic kanye ne-lambda probe.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukucabanga ukuthi injini yethu "idla amafutha" ingaba yiphutha. Ukwehla kwezinga likawoyela esikalini kungabangelwa ukuvuza, okuyingozi kakhulu, isibonelo, ezinjinini ezineketanga lesikhathi. Amaketango nama-tensioner asebenzisa uwoyela wenjini ukuze asebenze angonakaliswa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungagcwalisi okwanele. Ukuze uthole ukuvuza, qala ngokubheka izinto zokubopha, ama-gaskets, amapayipi enjoloba aguqukayo noma erabha, izindlu ezifana neketango lesikhathi, i-turbocharger, nezinye izindawo ezingabonakali njengepulaki ye-sump drain.
Esinye isizathu sokwehla ngokweqile kwezinga likawoyela kungase kube ukwehluleka kwepompo yomjovo. Uma iphampu igcotshwe ngamafutha enjini, ukwehluleka kwepompo kungabangela uwoyela ukuthi ungene kuphethiloli bese ungena emakamelweni avuthayo. Amafutha amaningi ekamelweni elivuthayo azophinde athinte kabi isihlungi se-particle (uma imoto inayo). Amafutha amaningi ekamelweni elivuthayo akhulisa ukukhishwa komlotha oyingozi we-sulphated. Amafutha akhethekile anomlotha ophansi (isibonelo, i-TOTAL Quartz 9000 5W30) yenzelwe izimoto ezinezihlungi ze-particle, ezinciphisa ukwakheka komlotha ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Bheka futhi: Imalimboleko yezimoto. Kungakanani kuncike ekunikeleni kwakho?
Sazi kanjani ukuthi injini yethu idla uwoyela omningi? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayicacile. Abakhiqizi baye bandisa kakhulu imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha okuvumelekile - okungenani emiyalweni yabo. Ezinjinini eziyi-1.4 TSI Volkswagen, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela komkhawulo ku-1 l/1000 km kuvunyelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinjini zesimanje kanye nezingxenye zazo, naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, azinakho ukunakekelwa. Ukwengeza uwoyela wenjini phakathi kwezinguquko zikawoyela ngezikhathi ezithile kuyinto evamile futhi kufaneleke ngokobuchwepheshe.
Konke kuncike ohlotsheni nesimo senjini kanye nemikhawulo eshiwo ngumkhiqizi wemoto. Umkhiqizi ufake izincomo ezinemininingwane encwadini yomnikazi, ecabangela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kungakhuphukela ezingeni elithile kuye ngezimo zokusebenza zemoto. Kuphela uma lo mkhawulo weqiwe lapho injini kufanele ilungiswe futhi kushintshwe izingxenye ezikhubazekile.
“Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, uma kungadalwanga ukuvuza noma ukulimala kwemishini endaweni yokuxhuma ne-piston, kuncike esimweni sokusebenza kwemoto. Uma sishayela endaweni enezintaba noma ngesivinini esiphezulu emigwaqweni emikhulu ecindezela kakhulu injini, ukwanda kukawoyela nophethiloli akumangalisi. Kunengqondo ukuhlola izinga likawoyela ngaphambi nangemva kwanoma yiluphi uhambo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba khona nalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi amafutha. "Ukugcwalisa", ngoba awazi ukuthi sizoyisebenzisa kuphi futhi nini. U-Andrzej Husyatinsky ufingqa.
Funda nalolu daba: Ihlola iVolkswagen Polo
