Imoto iqala ukushisa nezitebhisi - izimbangela kanye namakhambi
Okuqukethwe
Uma imoto ifudumala futhi izitebele, futhi ingaqali, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kubangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile kwesistimu yokupholisa (ukujikeleza okupholile okubuthakathaka noma i-radiator engcolile), kuyilapho umcibisholo wenkomba yokushisa useduze nendawo ebomvu, kodwa ungaweqi.
Umnikazi wanoma iyiphi imoto angase abhekane nesimo lapho imoto izikekela ohambweni ngenjini efudumele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukusungula ngokushesha imbangela yalokhu kuziphatha, bese ulungisa imoto, ngaphandle kwalokho ingase imiswe ngesikhathi esingafaneleki.
Kwenzekani enjinini nakwisistimu kaphethiloli lapho kushisisa
Ukuze unqume izizathu zokuthi kungani imoto igcina lapho kushisa, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izinqubo ezenzeka kuyunithi yamandla kanye nesistimu kaphethiloli ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ngenkathi injini ibanda:
- ukuvunyelwa okushisayo phakathi kwama-valve kanye ne-camshaft ne-piston ring lock kuphezulu;
- amafutha ane-viscous kakhulu, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bengqimba yokugcoba ezingxenyeni zokuxubha, kanye nokuvikelwa kwabo, kuncane;
- izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lomlilo lilingana nezinga lokushisa lomgwaqo, yingakho uphethiloli uvutha kancane kancane kusuka kunhlansi evamile.
Ngakho-ke, injini yemoto iqala ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu, futhi ukufudumala kuyadingeka ukuze ufake imodi evamile yokusebenza.
Njengoba ifudumala:
- izikhala ezishisayo ziyancishiswa, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezela kanye nokwanda kokusebenza kahle kwenjini;
- uwoyela uyancibilika, unikeze ukugcotshwa okusebenzayo kwendawo yokuhlikihla;
- Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lomlilo liyakhuphuka, ukuze ingxube ye-air-fuel ivutha ngokushesha futhi ishise ngokuphumelelayo.
Lezi zinqubo zenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinjini zezimoto zanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Uma iyunithi yamandla isebenza, azikho izinkinga eziphakamayo, kodwa uma imoto ishisa futhi igxilile, imbangela yalokhu ihlale ingasebenzi kahle injini noma imishini kaphethiloli.
Lokhu kungagcina kukuhlehlisela inkinga "kamuva"
Uma inkinga ingaqedwa ngokushesha, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile izoba yingozi kakhulu futhi kuzodingeka ukuba kwenziwe hhayi okuncane, kodwa ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "amatafula ashisayo"?
Ukusebenzisa leli gama, iningi labashayeli lisho ukuthi iyunithi yamandla isinesikhathi eside isebenza (imvamisa imizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu), futhi izinga lokushisa elipholile lidlule ama-85-95 degrees (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenjini). Ngokufudumeza okunjalo, zonke izikhala ezishisayo zithola amanani amancane, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphukela phezulu.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani imoto "ishisa"
Uma umshini ushisa futhi uthengisa, khona-ke izizathu kufanele zihlale zifunwa esimweni sobuchwepheshe benjini namayunithi ayo, futhi ngokuvamile ukukhubazeka kungase kube ezinhlelweni eziningana ezihlobene noma ezingahlobene. Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngazo zonke izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani imoto ishisa lapho kushisa, futhi zonke ezinye izinkinga ziyinhlanganisela yazo.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa
Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa yilokhu:
- ukuphulwa kwebhande lepompo (uma lingaxhunywanga kubhande lesikhathi);
- izinga lokupholisa eliphansi;
- ungqimba oluqinile lwesilinganiso ezindongeni zeziteshi (kuvela ngenxa yokuxuba izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antifreeze);
- ukulimala kwama-pump blades;
- i-pump bearing jamming;
- i-radiator engcolile;
- amapayipi ochotshoziwe namashubhu;
- inzwa yokushisa engaphelele.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukupholisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-motor kubangela ukushisa kwendawo kwezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zeyunithi yamandla (imvamisa i-cylinder head) kanye nokubilisa kwe-antifreeze kuzo. Futhi njengoba isisekelo sanoma iyiphi i-antifreeze singamanzi, lapho ibilisa, iphenduka ibe isitimu bese ibalekela emkhathini ngokusebenzisa i-valve ku-cap yethangi lokunweba, okuholela ekwehleni kwezinga.
Ukufaka esikhundleni sezimpawu ze-valve stem
Khumbula: ngisho noma injini ibilisa kanye kuphela noma ishisa ngokushesha kumanani ayingozi, kodwa ingabilisi, isivele idinga ukuvulwa futhi kwenziwe ukulungiswa kokuxilonga. Kulula kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni sezimpawu zikawoyela ezomile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunokulungisa izinto ezinkulu ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.
Amafutha abilayo kuloliwe noma ku-carburetor
Uma imoto ifudumala futhi izitebele, futhi ingaqali, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kubangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile kwesistimu yokupholisa (ukujikeleza okupholile okubuthakathaka noma i-radiator engcolile), kuyilapho umcibisholo wenkomba yokushisa useduze nendawo ebomvu, kodwa ungaweqi.
Khona-ke izinga lokushisa ku-ramp noma i-carburetor liyancipha futhi injini ingaqalwa futhi, kodwa ngaphansi komthwalo ngeke isebenze isikhathi eside. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo inkomba ibonisa izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwendawo ebomvu, khona-ke inzwa kufanele ishintshwe. Kunezimo lapho imoto iqala ukushisa kanye nezitolo ngokushesha noma ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, nazo zibangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwamafutha esitimeleni noma ku-carburetor. Ngemuva kokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, i-motor enjalo iqala ngokujwayelekile, okuyisiqinisekiso salesi sizathu.
Ingxenye engalungile yengxube yesibaseli somoya
Izizathu zalokhu kungasebenzi kahle yilezi:
- ukuvuza komoya;
- izinga likaphethiloli eliphezulu kakhulu ekamelweni lokuntanta;
- ama-injection avuzayo noma azikayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwemoto ngokuvuza komoya
Uma injini ye-carbureted iqala kalula lapho ibanda ngisho nangaphandle kokudonsa isibambo sokuminyanisa, bese imoto ishisa futhi igxilile, khona-ke isizathu salokhu siphezulu kakhulu izinga likaphethiloli ekamelweni lokuntanta noma indiza yomoya engcolile. Uphethiloli oweqile wenza kube lula ukuqalisa injini endaweni ebandayo, kodwa ngemva kokufudumala, ingxube ethambile iyadingeka, futhi i-carburetor ayikwazi ukuyenza. Ngesizathu esifanayo, emotweni ye-carburetor, iyunithi yamandla afudumele ibamba lapho ucindezela i-gas pedal, kodwa ngenkathi injini ibanda, lokhu akwenzeki ngisho nangaphandle kokumunca.
Uma i-carburetor ingenayo isibambo sokuminyanisa (lo msebenzi uzenzakalelayo kuwo), futhi izitebele zemoto uma kushisa futhi zingaqali kuze kube yilapho zipholile, khona-ke awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhipha nokuhlakaza le ngxenye. Amajethi ahlanzekile kanye nezinga likaphethiloli elilungile likhombisa ukushisisa ngokweqile kwale ngxenye (funda isigaba esidlule).
Amarampu namabhomu kuvame ukuba ngesinye sezizathu eziholela ekumisweni kwenjini
Kumayunithi amandla omjovo, lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukubangelwa ukucwila noma ukuvaleka okuxekethile kwenaliti yomlomo, ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli omningi ungena ekamelweni. Ingxube enezilinganiso ezinjalo ivutha kabi, futhi ishisa isikhathi eside, okuholela ekuguqulweni okungasebenzi kahle kukaphethiloli noma udizili ube amandla e-kinetic, okubangela ukuthi injini ime.
Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa
Lokhu kungasebenzi kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umshayeli kufanele ashayele emigwaqweni engcolile noma esekelwe usawoti.
Ekubonakalisweni kwangaphandle, le nkinga ifana nophethiloli abilayo, futhi indlela kuphela yokuxilonga ukuhlola ngokugcwele bonke othintana nabo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-valve okungalungile
Uma igebe elishisayo phakathi kwama-valve kanye ne-camshaft (ama-camshaft) lingaphansi kwesidingo, okungukuthi, liboshwe, khona-ke ngemva kokufudumala kwenjini, ama-valve anjalo awasavaleki ngokuphelele, okunciphisa ukucindezela futhi kuholele ekushiseni kwekhanda le-cylinder. . Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwengxube ye-air-fuel, ingxenye yamagesi ashisayo igqekeza ekhanda le-cylinder futhi liyishise, okuholela ezinkingeni ezichazwe ngenhla, okungukuthi, ukushisa ngokweqile:
- ikhanda le-cylinder;
- amarampu;
- i-carburetor.
Ukulungiswa kwe-valve clearance
Isici esihlukile sale nkinga ukungqubuzana kwama-valve enjini efudumele, futhi kaningi ngisho nasenjini ebandayo, futhi iqala ngokuphindwe kathathu, kepha ama-motor anezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic awakho ngaphansi kwayo. Ngakho-ke, uma imoto enezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic iqhubeka nokuhamba enjini efudumele, kufanele kubhekwe ezinye izizathu.
Okufanele ukwenze uma injini iqala ukuma endaweni eshisayo
Uma lokhu kwenzeka kanye, kungase kube ingozi ebangelwa ezinye izici ezingaziwa, kodwa uma imoto igcina lapho kushisa, udinga ukubheka izizathu. Khumbula, injini esetshenziswayo, enesistimu kaphethiloli emiswe kahle, ayilokothi icime ngaphandle komyalo womshayeli, ngoba uhlelo lokupholisa lunikeza izinga lokushisa elisebenza njalo futhi zonke izinqubo kuyunithi yamandla enjalo ziqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.
Uma isizathu sokuthi kungani injini izitebhisi "hot" ingaqediwe, khona-ke kungase kudingeke ukulungisa kabusha injini.
Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto iyashesha uma kushisa futhi ingaqali kuze kube yilapho iphola, yenza ukuxilongwa ngokwakho, noma ulethe imoto ngeloli elidonsayo enkonzweni yemoto.
isiphetho
Uma imoto ihamba ngenjini efudumele, lokhu kubonisa njalo izinkinga ezinkulu zeyunithi yamandla kanye nesidingo sokulungiswa okuphuthumayo, ngoba ezinye zezinhlelo ezakha injini yemoto azisebenzi kahle. Ngemva kokuthola iphutha elinjalo kuwe, ungathathi izingozi, qala ukulungisa inkinga bese uhamba endleleni. Khumbula, ngisho ngokushayela itekisi, uzosebenzisa imali engaphansi kakhulu kunezindleko zokulungiswa kabusha kwenjini, futhi kuyodingeka ukwenze uma ukushaye indiva lokho kungasebenzi futhi uqhubeke nokushayela ngaphandle kokuqeda imbangela yokukhubazeka.
