Ukumaka ipiston
Okuqukethwe
Ukumaka ipiston ikuvumela ukuthi ungahluleli nje kuphela ubukhulu bawo bejiyomethri, kodwa futhi nezinto zokwakha, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imvume yokufaka evumelekile, uphawu lokuthengisa lomkhiqizi, isiqondiso sokufaka, nokunye okuningi. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-piston asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ayathengiswa, abanikazi bezimoto kwesinye isikhathi babhekana nenkinga yokuchaza amagama athile. Le nto iqukethe ulwazi oluningi olukuvumela ukuthi uthole ulwazi mayelana nokumaka ku-piston futhi uthole ukuthi izinombolo, izinhlamvu nemicibisholo zisho ukuthini.
1 - Ukuqokwa kophawu lwentengiso lapho kukhishwa khona ipiston. 2 - Inombolo ye-serial yomkhiqizo. 3 - Ububanzi bukhuphuka ngo-0,5 mm, okungukuthi, kulokhu kuyi-piston yokulungisa. 4 - Inani lobubanzi obungaphandle bepiston, ngo-mm. 5 - Inani legebe le-thermal. Kulokhu, ilingana no-0,05 mm. 6 - Umcibisholo okhombisa isiqondiso sokufakwa kwepiston lapho imoto ihamba khona. 7 - Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lomkhiqizi (oludingekayo lapho kusetshenzwa izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi).
Ulwazi endaweni ye-piston
Izingxoxo mayelana nokuthi izimpawu zamaphistoni zisho ukuthini kufanele ziqale ngokuthi yiluphi ulwazi umkhiqizi alubekayo emkhiqizweni jikelele.
- Usayizi we-piston. Kwezinye izimo, emakhakheni angaphansi kwe-piston, ungathola izinombolo ezibonisa ubukhulu bayo, ezivezwe ngekhulu lamamilimitha. Isibonelo ngu-83.93. Lolu lwazi lusho ukuthi ububanzi abudluli inani elicacisiwe, kucatshangelwa ukubekezelelana (amaqembu okubekezelelana azoxoxwa ngezansi, ahluke ngemikhiqizo ehlukene yemishini). Isilinganiso senziwa ekushiseni kuka-+20 ° С.
- Ukukhuphuka kwegebe. Elinye igama layo izinga lokushisa (njengoba lingashintsha kanye noshintsho ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi). Inegama elithi - Sp. Inikezwa ngezinombolo eziyingxenye, okusho amamilimitha. Isibonelo, ukuqokwa kokumaka ku-piston SP0.03 kubonisa ukuthi imvume kuleli cala kufanele ibe ngu-0,03 mm, kucatshangelwa insimu yokubekezelelana.
- Uphawu lokuhweba. Noma uphawu. Abakhiqizi abazibonakalisi ngale ndlela kuphela, kodwa futhi banikeze ulwazi kubaphathi mayelana nokuthi imibhalo kabani (ikhathalogi yomkhiqizo) okufanele isetshenziswe lapho kukhethwa ipiston entsha.
- Isiqondiso sokufaka. Lolu lwazi luphendula umbuzo - umcibisholo osepiston ukhombani? "Ukhuluma" ukuthi i-piston kufanele ifakwe kanjani, okungukuthi, umcibisholo udonselwa lapho imoto iqhubekela phambili. Emishinini lapho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi itholakala ngemuva, esikhundleni somcibisholo, i-crankshaft engokomfanekiso ene-flywheel ivame ukuboniswa.
- Inombolo yokusakaza. Lezi izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhombisa ngohlelo ubukhulu bejiyomethri bepiston. Ngokuvamile, ukuqokwa okunjalo kungatholakala emishinini yaseYurophu lapho izakhi zeqembu le-piston zikhiqizwa izinkampani ezifana ne-MAHLE, i-Kolbenschmidt, i-AE, i-Nural nabanye. Ngobulungisa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulingisa manje kusetshenziswa kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ukukhomba i-piston kulolu lwazi, udinga ukusebenzisa iphepha noma ikhathalogi ye-electronic yomkhiqizi othize.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, kukhona nezinye, futhi zingahluka kumkhiqizi nomkhiqizi.
Ikuphi uphawu lwepiston?
Abashayeli abaningi banesithakazelo empendulweni yombuzo lapho izimpawu piston zitholakala. Kuncike ezimweni ezimbili - izindinganiso zomkhiqizi othile kanye nalokhu noma lolo lwazi mayelana ne-piston. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oluyinhloko luphrintiwe engxenyeni engezansi ("yangaphambili"), kuhabhu endaweni yomgodi wephini le-piston, kumphathi wesisindo.
Ukumaka pistons VAZ
Ngokwezibalo, ukumaka ama-pistons okukhanda kuvame ukuba nesithakazelo kubanikazi noma amakhosi ekulungiseni izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zezimoto ze-VAZ. ngokuqhubekayo sizonikeza ulwazi ngama-piston ahlukahlukene.
VAZ 2110
Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithathe injini ovuthayo yangaphakathi imoto Vaz-2110. Imvamisa, ama-piston abhalwe ukuthi 1004015 asetshenziswa kule modeli. Umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa ngokunembile ku-AvtoVAZ OJSC. Ulwazi olufushane lwezobuchwepheshe:
- ububanzi be-piston - 82,0 mm;
- piston ububanzi ngemva ukulungiswa kokuqala - 82,4 mm;
- piston ububanzi ngemva ukulungiswa yesibili - 82,8 mm;
- ukuphakama kwepiston - 65,9;
- ukuphakama kokucindezela - 37,9 mm;
- imvume enconyiwe ku-cylinder ngu-0,025 ... 0,045 mm.
kusemzimbeni wepiston lapho ulwazi olwengeziwe lungasetshenziswa khona. Ngokwesibonelo:
- "21" futhi "10" endaweni imbobo for umunwe - ukuqokwa imodeli umkhiqizo (ezinye izinketho - "213" libonisa injini amandla omlilo yangaphakathi Vaz 21213, futhi isibonelo, "23" - I-VAZ 2123);
- "VAZ" esiketini ngaphakathi - ukuqokwa komkhiqizi;
- izinhlamvu nezinombolo esiketini ngaphakathi - ukuqokwa okukhethekile kwemishini yokusungula (ingaqondwa kusetshenziswa imibhalo yomkhiqizi, kepha ezimweni eziningi lolu lwazi alunamsebenzi);
- "AL34" esiketini ngaphakathi - ukuqokwa kwe-alloy casting.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokumaka ezisetshenziswa kumqhele we-piston:
- Umcibisholo uwumaka wokuma obonisa isiqondiso esibheke kudrayivu ye-camshaft. Kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-classic" ye-VAZ onobuhle, ngezinye izikhathi esikhundleni somcibisholo ungathola uhlamvu "P", okusho ukuthi "ngaphambi". Ngokufanayo, unqenqema lapho uhlamvu lukhonjiswa khona kufanele luqondiswe endleleni yemoto.
- Enye yalezi zinhlamvu ezilandelayo ingu-A, B, C, D, E. Laba omaka besigaba sobubanzi ababonisa ukuchezuka kwevelu ye-OD. Ngezansi kunethebula elinamanani athile.
- Omaka beqembu le-piston mass. "G" - isisindo esivamile, "+" - isisindo senyuke ngamagremu angu-5, "-" - isisindo sincishiswe ngamagremu angu-5.
- Enye yezinombolo ngu-1, 2, 3. Lona umaka wesigaba sephinikhodi yephinikhodi futhi ichaza ukuchezuka kububanzi bebhore yephinikhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunekhodi yombala yale parameter. Ngakho-ke, upende usetshenziswa ngaphakathi ngaphansi. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka - isigaba sokuqala, umbala oluhlaza - isigaba sesibili, umbala obomvu - isigaba sesi-1. ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kunikezwa.
Kukhona futhi amagama amabili ahlukene we-VAZ ukulungisa pistons:
- unxantathu - ukulungiswa kokuqala (ububanzi bukhuphuka ngo-0,4 mm kusukela kusayizi ojwayelekile);
- isikwele - ukulungiswa kwesibili (ububanzi bukhuphuke ngo-0,8 mm kusukela kusayizi okuzisholo).
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kumabhrendi ahlukene ezimoto (okuhlanganisa nama-ICE ahlukene), inani lomehluko kuma-piston wokukhanda kufanele libhekwe kulwazi lwereferensi.
VAZ 21083
Enye i-piston "VAZ" edumile yi-21083-1004015. Iphinde ikhiqizwe yi-AvtoVAZ. Ubukhulu bayo bezobuchwepheshe namapharamitha:
- ububanzi obuningi - 82 mm;
- ububanzi ngemva kokulungiswa kokuqala - 82,4 mm;
- ububanzi ngemva kokulungiswa kwesibili - 82,8 mm;
- piston pin ububanzi - 22 mm.
Inegama elifanayo njenge-VAZ 2110-1004015. Ake sihlale kancane ekilasini le-piston ngokusho kobubanzi obungaphandle kanye nesigaba somgodi wephinikhodi. Ulwazi olufanele lufingqiwe kumathebula.
Ububanzi bangaphandle:
| Ikilasi le-piston ngobubanzi obungaphandle | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi bepiston 82,0 (mm) | 81,965-81,975 | 81,975-81,985 | 81,985-81,995 | 81,995-82,005 | 82,005-82,015 |
| Ububanzi bepiston 82,4 (mm) | 82,365-82,375 | 82,375-82,385 | 82,385-82,395 | 82,395-82,405 | 82,405-82,415 |
| Ububanzi bepiston 82,8 (mm) | 82,765-82,775 | 82,775-82,785 | 82,785-82,795 | 82,795-82,805 | 82,805-82,815 |
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amamodeli we-piston VAZ 11194 kanye ne-VAZ 21126 akhiqizwa kuphela emakilasini amathathu - A, B no-C. Kulokhu, usayizi wesinyathelo uhambelana no-0,01 mm.
Ithebula lokuxhumana lamamodeli we-piston namamodeli e-ICE (imikhiqizo) yezimoto ze-VAZ.
| Imodeli ye-ICE VAZ | imodeli ye-piston | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2101 | 21011 | 2105 | 21213 | 2123 | 2108 | 21083 | 2110 | 2112 | 21124 | 21126 | 21128 | 11194 | |
| 2101 | |||||||||||||
| 21011 | |||||||||||||
| 2103 | |||||||||||||
| 2104 | |||||||||||||
| 2105 | |||||||||||||
| 2106 | |||||||||||||
| 21073 | |||||||||||||
| 2121 | |||||||||||||
| 21213 | |||||||||||||
| 21214 | |||||||||||||
| 2123 | |||||||||||||
| 2130 | |||||||||||||
| 2108 | |||||||||||||
| 21081 | |||||||||||||
| 21083 | |||||||||||||
| 2110 | |||||||||||||
| 2111 | |||||||||||||
| 21114 | |||||||||||||
| 11183 | |||||||||||||
| 2112 | |||||||||||||
| 21124 | |||||||||||||
| 21126 | |||||||||||||
| 21128 | |||||||||||||
| 11194 | |||||||||||||
Izimbobo zephinikhodi ye-piston:
| Piston pin bore class | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi bembobo yephinikhodi(mm) | 21,982-21,986 | 21,986-21,990 | 21,990-21,994 |
Ukumakwa kwepiston ye-ZMZ
Esinye isigaba sabanikazi bezimoto abanentshisekelo yokumaka amapiston banama-motor ohlobo lwe-ZMZ onawo. Zifakwe ku-GAZ izimoto - iVolga, i-Gazelle, i-Sobol nabanye. Cabangela ukuqokwa okukhona emacaleni abo.
Igama elithi "406" lisho ukuthi i-piston ihloselwe ukufakwa ku-ZMZ-406 injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kunezimpawu ezimbili ezigxivizwe phansi kwepiston. Ngokwencwadi efakwe ngopende, kubhulokhi entsha, i-piston isondela kusilinda. Lapho kulungiswa ngesithukuthezi se-cylinder, ukucaciswa okudingekayo kwenziwa ngenqubo yokuthungatha nokuhlonipha ama-piston athengwa ngaphambilini ngosayizi oyifunayo.
Inombolo yesiRoma ku-piston ikhombisa iqembu lephinikhodi elifiswayo. Ububanzi bezimbobo kubaphathi be-piston, ikhanda lenduku yokuxhuma, kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle bephini le-piston kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane amakwe ngopende: I-white, II - eluhlaza, III - ephuzi, IV - ebomvu. Eminweni, inombolo yeqembu iphinde ikhonjiswe ngopende endaweni engaphakathi noma emaphethelweni. Kufanele ifane neqembu elikhonjiswe ku-piston.
kusendongeni yokuxhuma lapho inombolo yeqembu kufanele ngokufanayo imakwe ngopende. Kulesi simo, inombolo eshiwo kufanele ihambisane noma ibe eduze nenombolo yeqembu leminwe. Lokhu kukhetha kuqinisekisa ukuthi iphinikhodi egcotshiwe ihamba ngomzamo omncane ekhanda lenduku yokuxhuma, kodwa ayiwi kuyo. Ngokungafani nama-piston e-VAZ, lapho isiqondiso siboniswa khona ngomcibisholo, ku-ZMZ pistons umenzi ubhala ngokuqondile igama elithi "FRONT" noma abeke nje uhlamvu "P". Lapho uhlanganisa, i-protrusion ekhanda eliphansi lenduku yokuxhuma kufanele ihambisane nalo mbhalo (kube ohlangothini olufanayo).
Kunamaqembu amahlanu, anesinyathelo esingu-0,012 mm, aboniswa ngezinhlamvu A, B, C, D, D. Lawa maqembu osayizi akhethiwe ngokusho kobubanzi obungaphandle besiketi. Ziyafana:
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- G - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
Inani leqembu le-piston ligxivizwe ngezansi. Ngakho-ke, kunamaqembu amane osayizi amakwe ngopende kubaphathi bepiston:
- I-1 - emhlophe (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - eluhlaza (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - ophuzi (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - obomvu (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Izimpawu zeqembu lezimbobo zeminwe zingasetshenziswa futhi kumqhele wepiston ngezinombolo zamaRoma, idijithi ngayinye inombala ohlukile (I - white, II - green, III - yellow, IV - red). Amaqembu osayizi wamapiston akhethiwe namaphinikhodi kufanele afane.
I-ZMZ-405 ICE ifakwe ku-GAZ-3302 Gazelle Business kanye ne-GAZ-2752 Sobol. Imvume ebaliwe phakathi kwesiketi se-piston nesilinda (ezingxenyeni ezintsha) kufanele kube ngu-0,024 ... 0,048 mm. Ichazwa njengomehluko phakathi kobubanzi obuncane besilinda kanye nobubanzi besiketi se-piston esiphezulu. Kunamaqembu amahlanu, anesinyathelo esingu-0,012 mm, aboniswa ngezinhlamvu A, B, C, D, D. Lawa maqembu osayizi akhethiwe ngokusho kobubanzi obungaphandle besiketi. Ziyafana:
- A - 95,488 ... 95,500 mm;
- B - 95,500 ... 95,512 mm;
- B - 95,512...95,524 mm;
- G - 95,524...95,536 mm;
- D - 95,536 ... 95,548 mm.
Inani leqembu le-piston ligxivizwe ngezansi. Ngakho-ke, kunamaqembu amane osayizi amakwe ngopende kubaphathi bepiston:
- I-1 - emhlophe (22,0000 ... 21,9975 mm);
- 2 - eluhlaza (21,9975 ... 21,9950 mm);
- 3 - ophuzi (21,9950 ... 21,9925 mm);
- 4 - obomvu (21,9925 ... 21,9900 mm).
Ngakho-ke, uma i-GAZ injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ine-piston, isibonelo, uhlamvu B, lokhu kusho ukuthi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iphindwe kabili.
Ku-ZMZ 409, cishe zonke izilinganiso zifana ne-ZMZ 405, ngaphandle kwe-recess (i-puddle), ijulile kune-405. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kunxeshezelwe isilinganiso sokucindezela, usayizi h ukhuphuka kuma-pistons 409. Futhi , ukuphakama kokucindezela kwe-409 kungu-34 mm, futhi ku-405 - 38 mm.
Sinikeza ulwazi olufanayo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yohlobo lwe-ZMZ 402.
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 mm;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 mm;
- B - 92,012...92,024 mm;
- G - 92,024...92,036 mm;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 mm.
Amaqembu osayizi:
Ukubhala "okukhethiwe" kumaphiston
- I-1 - emhlophe; 25,0000…24,9975 mm;
- 2 - eluhlaza; 24,9975…24,9950 mm;
- 3 - ophuzi; 24,9950…24,9925 mm;
- 4 - obomvu; 24,9925…24,9900 mm.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2005 ku-pistons 53, 523, 524 (efakwe phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumamodeli amaningi we-ICE ZMZ), isitembu esithi "Ukukhetha Okukhethiwe" sifakwe phansi. Ama-piston anjalo akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu, obuchazwe ngokwehlukana emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe kubo.
| I-Piston brand ZMZ | Igama elisetshenzisiwe | Luphi uphawu | Indlela yokubhala |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53-1004015-22; "523.1004015"; "524.1004015"; "410.1004014". | Uphawu lokuhweba ZMZ | Ehabhu eduze kwembobo yephinikhodi ye-piston | Iyasakaza |
| Ukuqokwa kwemodeli ye-piston | Ehabhu eduze kwembobo yephinikhodi ye-piston | Iyasakaza | |
| "Ngaphambi" | Ehabhu eduze kwembobo yephinikhodi ye-piston | Iyasakaza | |
| I-piston diameter emaka A, B, C, D, D. | Phansi kwepiston | I-Etching | |
| Isitembu se-BTC | Phansi kwepiston | upende | |
| Ukumaka ubukhulu bomunwe (omhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi) | Kuphedi yesisindo | upende |
Ulwazi olufanayo lwe-piston 406.1004015:
| I-Piston brand ZMZ | Igama elisetshenzisiwe | Luphi uphawu | Indlela yokubhala |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4061004015; "405.1004015"; "4061.1004015"; "409.1004015". | Uphawu lokuhweba ZMZ | Ehabhu eduze kwembobo yephinikhodi ye-piston | Iyasakaza |
| "Ngaphambi" | |||
| Imodeli "406, 405, 4061,409" (406-AP; 406-BR) | |||
| I-piston diameter emaka A, B, C, D, D | Phansi kwepiston | Ukushaqeka | |
| Ukumaka ubukhulu bomunwe (omhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, obomvu) | Kuphedi yesisindo | upende | |
| Izinto zokukhiqiza "AK12MMgN" | Eceleni kwe-piston pin hole | Iyasakaza | |
| Isitembu se-BTC | Phansi kwepiston | ukukha |
Ukumaka amapiston "Toyota"
Amapiston akuToyota ICE nawo anegama lawo nosayizi. Ngokwesibonelo, emotweni edumile yakwaLand Cruiser, ama-piston aqokwa ngezinhlamvu zesiNgisi A, B kanye no-C, kanye nezinombolo ezisuka ku-1 kuye ku-3. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinhlamvu zibonisa ubukhulu bembobo yephinikhodi, nezinombolo. khombisa ubukhulu bobubanzi bepiston endaweni "yesiketi". I-piston yokulungisa ino +0,5 mm uma iqhathaniswa nobubanzi obujwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ukulungisa, kuphela ukuqokwa kwezinhlamvu ezishintshayo.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lapho uthenga i-piston esetshenzisiwe, udinga ukukala igebe elishisayo phakathi kwesiketi se-piston nodonga lwesilinda. Kufanele ibe kububanzi obungu-0,04 ... 0,06 mm. Uma kungenjalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilonga okwengeziwe kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa.
Ama-pistons avela embonini ye-Motordetal
Imishini eminingi ezifuywayo kanye kwamanye amazwe zisebenzisa pistons ukulungisa ekhiqizwa ezindaweni ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizi Kostroma piston iqembu Motordetal-Kostroma. Le nkampani ikhiqiza ama-pistons anobubanzi obungu-76 kuya ku-150 mm. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-piston zikhiqizwa:
- uhlaka oluqinile;
- ngokufaka i-thermostatic;
- nge-insert yendandatho yokucindezela ephezulu;
- ngesiteshi sokupholisa uwoyela.
Ama-piston akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elishiwo anegama lawo. Kulokhu, ulwazi (ukumaka) lungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili - laser kanye microimpact. Okokuqala, ake sibheke izibonelo ezithile zokumaka ezenziwe kusetshenziswa i-laser engraving:
- I-EAL - ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe yenyunyana yentela;
- Kwenziwe eRussia - inkomba eqondile yezwe lendabuko;
- I-1 - iqembu ngesisindo;
- I-H1 - iqembu ngobubanzi;
- 20-0305A-1 - inombolo yomkhiqizo;
- I-K1 (embuthanweni) - isibonakaliso somnyango wokulawula ubuchwepheshe (QCD);
- 15.05.2016/XNUMX/XNUMX - inkomba eqondile yosuku lokukhiqizwa kwepiston;
- Sp 0,2 - imvume phakathi kwepiston nesilinda (izinga lokushisa).
Manje ake sibheke ukuqokwa okusetshenziswe ngosizo lwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-micro-impact, sisebenzisa izibonelo ezithile:
- 95,5 - usayizi jikelele ububanzi;
- B - iqembu ngobubanzi;
- III - iqembu ngokusho kobubanzi bomunwe;
- K (embuthanweni) - uphawu lwe-OTK (ukulawula ikhwalithi);
- 26.04.2017/XNUMX/XNUMX - inkomba eqondile yosuku lokukhiqizwa kwepiston.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela lapha ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-piston ahlukene, ama-alloys ahlukahlukene e-aluminium anezithasiselo ze-alloying asetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, lolu lwazi alukhonjiswa ngokuqondile emzimbeni we-piston, kodwa lubhalwe emibhalweni yalo yobuchwepheshe.
