Ukumaka irimu lesondo lemoto
Okuqukethwe
Ukumakwa kwediski amasondo omshini ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili - ejwayelekile futhi eyengeziwe. Izinga lihlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nobubanzi berimu, uhlobo lonqenqema lwalo, ukuhlukaniswa kwerimu, ububanzi obukhuphukayo, ama-annular protrusions, i-offset, njalonjalo.
Ngokuqondene nokumaka okungeziwe, kuhlanganisa ulwazi ngomthwalo omkhulu ovunyelwe, ukucindezela okuphezulu okuvumelekile ethayini, ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokwenza i-disc, ulwazi mayelana nesitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe sediski ethile. Nokho, akuwona wonke amarimu omshini azoba nalo lonke ulwazi olubalwe ngenhla. Imikhiqizo eminingi ibonisa kuphela olunye ulwazi olusohlwini.
Aphi amamaki kuma-disc
Ngokuqondene nendawo yombhalo kumasondo e-alloy, ngokuvamile ulwazi olufanele aluboniswa njengensimbi ezungeze umjikelezo, kodwa kuma-spokes noma ngaphandle phakathi kwabo (endaweni yezimbobo zokufakwa esondweni). Konke kuncike ekwakhiweni kwediski ethile. Ngokuvamile, imibhalo eqoshiwe itholakala ngaphakathi kwamasondo amasondo. Eceleni komjikelezo wembobo yenadi lehabhu, phakathi kwezimbobo zamabhawodi amasondo, kusetshenziswa olunye ulwazi oluhlukene oluhlobene nosayizi wediski kanye nolwazi lwayo lobuchwepheshe.
Kuma-discs anesitembu, ukumaka kugcizelelwa phezulu kusuka ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zohlelo lokusebenza. Eyokuqala yilapho imibhalo ngayinye isetshenziswa esikhaleni esiphakathi phakathi kwezimbobo ezifakwayo zamadiski. Kwenye inguqulo, ulwazi luboniswa kalula eduze komjikelezo werimu eduze konqenqema lwangaphandle. Kumadrayivu ashibhile, inketho yesibili ivame kakhulu.
Ukumakwa okujwayelekile kwamarimu
Ukumaka ama-disc ezimoto
Lapho ukhetha amarimu amasha, abashayeli abaningi babhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene neqiniso lokuthi abazi ukuqoshwa kwamarimu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, abazi ukuthi yiziphi ezifanele imoto ethile nokuthi yiziphi ezingekho.
Endaweni ye-Russian Federation, iMithetho ye-UNECE iyasebenza, okungukuthi, iMithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe yaseRussia "Ngokuphepha kwezimoto ezinamasondo" (GOST R 52390-2005 "Ama-Wheel disks. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola"). Ngakho, lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lungatholakala kumbhalo osemthethweni oshiwo. Kodwa-ke, kubashayeli abaningi abajwayelekile, imininingwane ehlinzekwe lapho izoba ncane. Esikhundleni salokho, lapho ukhetha, udinga ukwazi izidingo eziyisisekelo nemingcele, futhi, ngokufanele, ukuqoshwa kwabo kudiski.
Ukumaka isondo lengxubevange
Iningi lamapharamitha abhalwe ngezansi afanelekile kumasondo e-alloy. Kodwa-ke, umehluko wabo kubalingani bensimbi ukuthi ebusweni bama-cast disks kuyoba ngaphezu kwalokho uphawu lokuhlola lwe-x-ray, kanye nophawu lwenhlangano eyenza lokhu kuhlolwa noma inemvume efanele yokwenza kanjalo. Ngokuvamile aqukethe ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nekhwalithi yediski kanye nesitifiketi sayo.
Ukumakwa kwamadiski anezitembu
Ukulebula amadiski, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zawo, kuyamiswa. Okusho ukuthi, ulwazi ngokwalo kuma-cast and stamped discs luzofana futhi luvele lubonise ulwazi lobuchwepheshe mayelana nediski ethile. Amadiski anesitembu ngokuvamile aqukethe ulwazi lobuchwepheshe futhi ngokuvamile umenzi kanye nezwe lapho atholakala khona.
Ukuqoshwa kokumaka idiski
Ukumakwa okujwayelekile kwamadiski amasondo emoto kusetshenziswa ngokunembile ebusweni bayo. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olunesibopho sani, sizonikeza isibonelo esithile. Ake sithi sinediski yomshini enegama elithi 7,5 J x 16 H2 4 × 98 ET45 d54.1. Sibala ukuqoshwa kwayo ngokulandelana.
Ububanzi beRim
Ububanzi berimu ikhombisa inombolo yokuqala ku-notation, kulokhu kungu-7,5. Leli nani licacisa ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphethelo angaphakathi erimu. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi amathayi alingana ngobubanzi angafakwa kule disc. Iqiniso liwukuthi amathayi ebangeni elithile lobubanzi angafakwa kunoma iyiphi i-rim. Okusho ukuthi, okuthiwa yi-high-profile kanye ne-low-profile. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ububanzi bamathayi nabo buzohluka. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokukhetha i-disk yamasondo emoto ingaba ububanzi besondo cishe phakathi nenani lesondo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ufake irabha enobubanzi obuhlukene nobude kudiski.
Uhlobo lwe-Rim Edge
Ukumakwa okulandelayo kwamadiski omshini kuwuhlobo lonqenqema lwawo. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yaseYurophu neyamazwe ngamazwe, uhlobo lwamaphethelo lungaqokwa enye yezinhlamvu zesiLatini ezilandelayo - JJ, JK, K, B, D, P yezimoto zabagibeli kanye no-E, F, G, H - ngamasondo amaloli. Empeleni, incazelo yalezi zinhlobo ngayinye iyinkimbinkimbi. Esimweni ngasinye kuba mayelana nokuma noma ububanzi be-contour yediski, futhi kwezinye izimo i-rim angle. Ipharamitha ecacisiwe iwulwazi lwesevisi, futhi ayithwali imininingwane ewusizo yomshayeli othile. Kodwa-ke, ungase udinge lokhu kuqokwa kokumaka kudiski lapho ujwayelana nezidingo zomenzi wezimoto futhi unentshisekelo yokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomphetho okufanele lube kudiski lomkhiqizo wemoto yakho.
Isibonelo, amasondo anegama elithi JJ aklanyelwe amaSUV. Idiski enohlamvu P ifanele izimoto zakwaVolkswagen, idiski enohlamvu u-K eyezimoto zakwaJaguar. okungukuthi, ibhukwana libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi yimaphi amasondo afanele imoto ethile futhi enze ukukhetha ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezicacisiwe.
I-Rim ihlukaniswe
Ipharamitha elandelayo ye-rim ukuhlukana kwayo. Kulokhu, kunegama elinohlamvu lwesiNgisi u-X. Lokhu uphawu lubonisa ukuthi umklamo wediski ngokwawo uyingxenye eyodwa, okungukuthi, umkhiqizo owodwa. Uma esikhundleni sohlamvu X kubhalwe uphawu "-", lokhu kusho ukuthi umugqa uyahlukaniseka, okungukuthi, uqukethe izingxenye eziningana.
Amarimu amaningi ezimoto zabagibeli ayingxenye eyodwa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ufake kuwo amathayi okuthiwa "athambile", okungukuthi, nokunwebeka. Ama-split drives avame ukufakwa emalolini noma kuma-SUV. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ufake amathayi aqinile kuwo, okuthi, empeleni, kwenziwa umklamo ogoqekayo.
Ukukhweza ububanzi
Ngemuva kolwazi mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwediski ekumaka, kunenombolo ekhombisa ububanzi bomugqa, kulokhu kungu-16. ihambisana nobubanzi besondo. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, ama-diameter athandwa kakhulu angama-intshi angu-13 kuya kwangu-17. Amadiski amakhulu, futhi ngokufanelekile, amathayi ububanzi kuno-17'' (20-22'') abekwe ezimotweni ezinenjini enamandla yangaphakathi evuthayo, okuhlanganisa ama-SUV ahlukahlukene, amabhasi amancane noma amaloli. Kulokhu, lapho ukhetha, udinga ukunaka ukuze ububanzi besondo bufane ncamashi nobubanzi bomphetho.
Ama-protrusions annular
Elinye igama ama-ring rolls noma ama-humps. Kulesi sibonelo, banegama elithi H2. Lawa ama-disc avame kakhulu. Ulwazi lusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwediski kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-protrusions ukulungisa amathayi angenamashubhuetholakala nhlangothi zombili. Lokhu kunikeza okunamathiselwe okuvikeleke kakhudlwana kudiski.
Uma kunophawu olulodwa lwe-H ku-disc, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-protrusion itholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lwediski. kukhona futhi amagama amaningana afanayo we-ledges. okungukuthi:
- I-FH - i-ledge flat (Flat Hump);
- I-AH - i-asymmetric tackle (i-Asymmetric Hump);
- I-CH - i-hump ehlanganisiwe (i-Combi Hump);
- SL - awekho ama-protrusions ku-disc (kulokhu, isondo lizobambelela kuma-rim flanges).
Ama-humps amabili akhulisa ukuthembeka kokulungisa isondo kudiski futhi anciphise amathuba okucindezeleka kwalo. Nokho, okubi kwe-double hump ukuthi kuba nzima kakhulu ukuligqoka nokulikhumula isondo. Kodwa uma usebenzisa njalo izinsiza zokufaka amathayi, le nkinga akufanele ikuthakasele.
Amapharamitha wokukhweza (iphethini yebhawudi ye-PCD)
Ipharamitha elandelayo, okungukuthi, 4×98 isho ukuthi le disk ine kunezimbobo ezine ezifakwayo ezinobubanzi obuthileexhunywe ngayo kuhabhu. Kumarimu angenisiwe, le parameter ibizwa nge-PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter). NgesiRashiya, liphinde libe nencazelo "yephethini yebhawudi".
Inombolo 4 isho inani lezimbobo ezifakwayo. NgesiNgisi, inegama elithi LK. Ngendlela, ngezinye izikhathi imingcele yokufaka ingase ibukeke njenge-4/98 kulesi sibonelo. Inombolo 98 kuleli cala isho ukubaluleka kobubanzi bomjikelezo lapho izimbobo ezikhonjisiwe zikhona.
Izimoto eziningi zesimanje ezithwala abantu zinezimbobo ezine kuya kweziyisithupha. Kancane kancane ungathola amadiski anenani lezimbobo ezilingana nezintathu, eziyisishiyagalombili noma eziyishumi. Imvamisa, ububanzi bendilinga lapho izimbobo ezikhuphukayo zitholakala khona busuka ku-98 kuye ku-139,7 mm.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuma-discs anamabholithi amane afakwayo, ibanga le-PCD lilingana nebanga eliphakathi kwezikhungo zamabhawodi ahlukaniswe nge-diametrically noma amantongomane. Kumadiski afakwe amabhawudi akhwezwayo amahlanu, inani le-PCD lizolingana nebanga eliphakathi kwanoma yimaphi amabhawudi aseduze aphindwe ngesici esingu-1,051.
Abanye abakhiqizi bakhiqiza amarimu omhlaba wonke angafakwa kuma-hubs ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, 5x100/120. Ngakho-ke, amadiski anjalo afanele imishini ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, kungcono ukungasebenzisi ama-disc anjalo, ngoba izici zabo zemishini zingaphansi kwalezo ezijwayelekile.
Ukuhamba umaka kumarimu
Esibonelweni esithile, izimpawu ekumaka kwediski ye-ET45 (Einpress Tief) zisho lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukusuka (ngesiNgisi, ungathola incazelo ye-OFFSET noma i-DEPORT). Lena ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha. okungukuthi, ukuhamba kwediski et yi ibanga phakathi kwendiza eqondile, okudlula ngokwemibandela maphakathi nerimu futhi indiza ehambisana nendawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwediski nehabhu lomshini. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-wheel offsets:
- Okuhle. Kulokhu, indiza emaphakathi mpo (indiza ye-symmetry) itholakala kude nesikhungo somzimba wemoto ngokuphathelene nendiza yokuxhumana phakathi kwediski nehabhu. Ngamanye amazwi, i-disc iyona encane ephuma emzimbeni wemoto. Inombolo 45 isho ibanga ngamamilimitha phakathi kwezindiza ezimbili ezikhonjiwe.
- Okubi. Kulesi simo, ngokuphambene nalokho, indiza yokuxhumana phakathi kwediski kanye nehabhu iqhubekela phambili ukusuka endizeni ephakathi yokulinganisa kwediski. Kulesi simo, igama le-disc offset lizoba nenani elingalungile. Ngokwesibonelo, ET-45.
- Null. Kulesi simo, indiza yokuxhumana phakathi kwediski kanye nehabhu kanye nendiza yokulinganisa kwediski kuhambisana nomunye nomunye. Kulokhu, idiski iqukethe igama elithi ET0.
Lapho ukhetha i-disc, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ulwazi mayelana nokuthi imaphi ama-disc i-automaker evumela ukuwafaka. Kwezinye izimo, kuvunyelwe ukufaka ama-disc ane-positive noma i-zero overhang kuphela. Uma kungenjalo, umshini uzolahlekelwa ukuzinza futhi izinkinga zokushayela zingase ziqale, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini. Iphutha elivumelekile lokuhamba kwamadiski amasondo lenza amamilimitha angu-±2.
I-Bore diameter
Lapho ukhetha idiski, uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi i-dia isho ukuthini kulebula yediski. Njengoba igama lisho, inombolo ehambisanayo ikhombisa ububanzi bembobo efakwayo kuhabhu ngamamilimitha. Kulokhu, inegama elithi d54,1. Idatha enjalo yokufaka idiski ibhalwe ngekhodi ku-DIA notation.
Ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, inani elihambisanayo ngokuvamile liphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-50 no-70. Kumele kucaciswe ngaphambi kokukhetha idiski ethile, ngaphandle kwalokho idiski ayikwazi ukufakwa emshinini.
Emasondweni amaningi e-alloy anobubanzi obukhulu (okungukuthi, anenani elikhulu le-DIA), abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwezindandatho ze-adaptha noma amawasha (okubizwa nangokuthi "izisekelo ze-arch") ukuze kumiswe ihabhu. Zenziwe ngepulasitiki ne-aluminium. Amawasha epulasitiki awahlali isikhathi eside, kepha ngamaqiniso aseRussia anenzuzo enkulu. okungukuthi, azifaki i-oxidize futhi azivumeli i-disc ukuthi inamathele ku-hub, ikakhulukazi uma kuneqhwa.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kumasondo anezigxivizo (ensimbi), ububanzi bembobo yehabhu kufanele buhambisane nenani elinconyiwe elibekwe umenzi wemoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadiski ensimbi awasebenzisi izindandatho ze-adaptha.
Uma isondo elikhonjiwe noma elihlanganisiwe lisetshenziswa emotweni, khona-ke ububanzi bomgodi wehabhu bunqunywa usayizi we-plastic bushing. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhethwe ngaphezu kwalokho ngemoto ethile, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokukhetha idiski ethile yemoto. Ngokuvamile, i-automaker ayifaki izindandatho ze-adaptha kumadiski omshini wangempela, njengoba amadiski enziwa ekuqaleni ngembobo yobubanzi obufunayo.
Ukumakwa okwengeziwe kwamadiski kanye nokuqoshwa kwegama lawo
Imingcele ebalwe ngenhla ibalulekile lapho ukhetha idiski yemoto. Nokho, kwezinye zazo ungathola imibhalo eyengeziwe kanye nezimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-MAX Layisha. Lesi sifinyezo sisho ukuthi imuphi umthwalo omkhulu ovunyelwe ovunyelwe kurimu oluthile. ngokuvamile, inombolo ivezwa ngamaphawundi (LB). ukuze uguqule inani ngamaphawundi libe yinani ngamakhilogremu, kwanele ukuhlukanisa ngesici esingu-2,2. Isibonelo, MAX LOAD = 2000 LB = 2000 / 2,2 = 908 kilograms. Okusho ukuthi, amadiski, njengamathayi, anenkomba yomthwalo.
- MAX PSI 50 KUBANDA. Esibonelweni esithile, umbhalo usho ukuthi umfutho womoya ophezulu ovumelekile ethayini elifakwe kudiski akumele udlule amaphawundi angama-50 iyintshi yesikwele (PSI). Ukuze uthole ireferensi, ingcindezi elingana nekhilogremu-force icishe ibe ngu-14 PSI. Sebenzisa umshini wokubala ukuze uguqule inani lokucindezela. Okusho ukuthi, kulesi sibonelo, ingcindezi ephezulu evumelekile ethayini akufanele idlule ama-atmospheres angu-3,5 ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa imethrikhi. Futhi umbhalo othi COLD, kusho ukuthi ingcindezi kufanele ilinganiswe ngesondo elibandayo (ngaphambi kokuba imoto iqale ukuhamba, kuhlanganise hhayi ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo).
- Khohlwa. Lo mbhalo usho ukuthi idiski ethile yenziwa ngokufoja (okungukuthi, ifojiwe).
- UBEADLOCK. Kusho ukuthi i-disc ifakwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokukhiya amathayi. Okwamanje, lawo madiski awavunyelwe ukuthi asetshenziselwe izizathu zokuphepha, ngakho awasatholakali ukuze athengiswe.
- BEADLOCK SIMULATOR. Umbhalo ofanayo ubonisa ukuthi idiski iqukethe i-simulator yesistimu yokulungisa amathayi. Kulokhu, amadiski anjalo angasetshenziswa yonke indawo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa ma-disk awafani nalawo ajwayelekile.
- I-SAE/ISO/TUV. Lezi zifinyezo zibhekisela kumazinga nezindikimba ezilawulayo lapho ama-disc enziwa khona. Kumathayi asekhaya, ngezinye izikhathi ungathola inani le-GOST noma imininingwane yomkhiqizi.
- Usuku lokukhiqiza. Umkhiqizi ubonisa usuku oluhambisanayo lokukhiqiza ngendlela ebethelwe. Ivamise ukuba namadijithi amane. Ababili bokuqala basho isonto ngokulandelana, kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, kanti okwesibili - unyaka wokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, igama elithi 1217 libonisa ukuthi i-disc yenziwa ngeviki le-12 lika-2017.
- Izwe lokukhiqiza. Kwamanye amadiski ungathola igama lezwe lapho umkhiqizo wakhiqizwa khona. Kwesinye isikhathi abakhiqizi bashiya ilogo yabo kuphela kudiski noma bamane babhale igama.
Izimpawu zamasondo zaseJapane
Kwamanye ama-disc akhiqizwa eJapan, ungathola okuthiwa Ukumakwa kwe-JWL. Kuhunyushwe kusukela esiNgisini, isifinyezo sisho amasondo e-alloy aseJapane. Lokhu kumakwa kusetshenziswa kuphela kulawo madiski athengiswa e-Japan. Abanye abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa isifinyezo esifanele njengoba bethanda. Kodwa-ke, uma iku-disk, kusho ukuthi idiski ihlangabezana nezidingo zoMnyango Wezomhlaba, Ingqalasizinda, Ezokuthutha kanye Nezokuvakasha eJapane. Ngendlela, amaloli namabhasi, isifinyezo esifanayo sizohluka kancane - JWL-T.
Kukhona nokumaka okukodwa okungajwayelekile - I-VIA. Isetshenziswa kudiski kuphela uma umkhiqizo uhlolwe ngempumelelo elabhorethri yokuhlolwa kwezokuThutha yaseJapan. Isifinyezo esithi VIA wuphawu lokuhweba olubhalisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-discs angazange aphumelele ukuhlolwa okufanele kuyajeziswa. Ngakho-ke, amadiski lapho isifinyezo esibonisiwe sisetshenziswa khona ekuqaleni azoba yikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.
Indlela yokukhetha i-wheel rim
Lapho ukhetha i-disc ethile, abanikazi bezimoto bavame ukuba nenkinga - indlela yokukhetha i-disc efanele ngokuhambisana nenjoloba etholakalayo. Ake sithathe isibonelo esithile samasondo abhalwe ukuthi 185/60 R14. Ububanzi berimu, ngokuhambisana nezidingo, kufanele bube ngaphansi ngo-25% kunobubanzi bephrofayili yesondo. Ngokufanelekile, ikota eyodwa kufanele isuswe enanini lika-185 futhi inani eliwumphumela liguqulwe libe amayintshi. Umphumela uba amasentimitha amahlanu nengxenye.
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwezibalo ezingenhla, kungase kuthiwe ngesondo le-185/60 R14, i-disc enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-14 nobubanzi obuyi-5,5 ... 6,0 amayintshi ifanelekile. Imingcele esele ebalwe ngenhla kufanele icaciswe emibhalweni yobuchwepheshe yemoto.
Ngezansi kunethebula elifingqa ulwazi mayelana namadiski afakiwe ajwayelekile (afekthri) amukelwa abakhiqizi bawo. Ngakho-ke, ngezimoto, udinga ukukhetha amasondo anemingcele efanelekile.
| Imodeli yemoto | Osayizi nedatha yerimu yefekthri |
|---|---|
| Ukukhishwa kweToyota Corolla 2010 | 6Jx15 5/114,3 ET39 d60,1 |
| IFord Focus 2 | 5JR16 5 × 108 ET52,5 DIA 63,3 |
| Lada Granta | 13 / 5.0J PCD 4×98 ET 40 CH 58.5 noma 14 / 5.5J PCD 4×98 ET 37 CH 58.5 |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-Lada Vesta 2019 | 6Jx15 4/100 ET50 d60.1 |
| Ukukhishwa kweHyundai Solaris 2019 | 6Jx15 4/100 ET46 d54.1 |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-Kia Sportage 2015 | 6.5Jx16 5/114.3 ET31.5 d67.1 |
| IKia Rio | PCD 4×100 ububanzi 13 kuya 15, ububanzi 5J ukuze 6J, offset 34 ukuze 48 |
| Niva | I-Razboltovka - 5 × 139.7, ukusuka - ET 40, ububanzi - 6.5 J, imbobo emaphakathi - CO 98.6 |
| I-Renault Duster 2011 | Usayizi — 16x6,5, ET45, razboltovka — 5x114,3 |
| I-Renault Logan 2019 | 6Jx15 4/100 ET40 d60.1 |
| I-VAZ 2109 2006 | 5Jx13 4/98 ET35 d58.6 |
isiphetho
Ukukhethwa kwerimu kufanele kusekelwe olwazini lwezobuchwepheshe olunikezwa umenzi wemoto encwadini yemoto. okungukuthi, ubukhulu bamadiski avunyelwe ukufakwa, izinhlobo zawo, amanani ama-overhangs, ububanzi bezimbobo, njalonjalo. Ezimotweni eziningi, ama-disc anobubanzi obuhlukene angafakwa. Kodwa-ke, amapharamitha awo abalulekile kufanele ahambisane nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe.
