MAKS 2019, nokho, eZhukovsky

I-prototype yendiza ye-Su-50 T-4-57 endizeni yokubonisa. Isithombe ngu-Miroslav Vasilevsky.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, cishe kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi i-salon ye-aerospace yaseRussia i-MAKS izobanjelwa okokugcina esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu saseZhukovsky. Izingxabano zezikhulu zazilula - njengoba iPatriot park yakhiwe eKubinka futhi njengoba kukhona isikhumulo sezindiza lapho, akufanele kuhanjiswe indawo yombukiso we-aerospace kuphela, kodwa futhi namaqoqo e-Central Air Force Museum. I-Russian Federation eMonino. Akekho owayecabanga ukuthi iPatriot Park kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza eKubinka kwakungamakhilomitha angama-25 ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi kuxhumene kabi. Izindawo zokubukisa esikhumulweni sezindiza e-Kubinka zincane - ama-hangars amabili, ngisho ne-apron incane uma kuqhathaniswa noZhukovsky. Isizathu siphumelele futhi (ekugcineni?) Futhi i-Moscow Aviation and Space Salon yalo nyaka yabanjwa kusukela ngo-August 27 kuya ku-September 1 endaweni endala.

Izikhulu, okungenzeka ukuthi nezisezikhundleni eziphezulu, azizange ziwamise amaqili azo futhi zayala ukuthi, njengoba i-MAKS iwumbukiso wasemkhathini, imikhiqizo emisha yanoma yisiphi esinye isihloko ngeke yethulwe lapho. Akekho owaqaphela ukuthi ezenzakalweni ezifanayo zakwamanye amazwe (Le Bourget, Farnborough, ILA...) imishini ye-radar, izikhali ezilwa nezindiza noma, ngomqondo obanzi, izikhali ezicitshwayo nazo zethulwa. Kuze kube manje, lokhu bekulokhu kwenzeka eZhukovsky, futhi ukungabikho cishe okuphelele kwemboni ye-missile ephikisana nezindiza kulo nyaka akumangazanga kuphela izivakashi ezingochwepheshe, kodwa futhi nababukeli abavamile. Singathemba nje ukuthi eminyakeni emibili lesi sinqumo esingenangqondo sizoshintshwa futhi isimo sibuyele kwesejwayelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza zaseRussia azikwazanga ukukhombisa imikhiqizo eminingi emisha (kungani - okuningi kulokhu ngezansi), ukubamba iqhaza kwababonisi bangaphandle ku-MAKS bekulokhu kungokomfanekiso, futhi kulo nyaka kulinganiselwe nakakhulu (ngaphezulu kulokhu ngezansi).

Izinkampani zezindiza zaseRussia manje sezikhokha inani elinzima engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka yokunciphisa kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwemali yocwaningo nentuthuko. Izinkinga ngezimali ezanele zezinhlelo ezibizayo nezithuthukile zaqala ekupheleni kwe-USSR. UMikhail Gorbachev uzame ukusindisa umnotho "owohlokayo", okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi. Phakathi nesikhathi sika-Boris Yeltsin, iziphathimandla zazingenandaba nalutho, kodwa amaphrojekthi amaningi ayenziwa “ngokungalindelekile” iminyaka eminingana eyengeziwe. Kwakukhona futhi "i-rump" enkulu, okungukuthi, izinsiza zemibono, ucwaningo, kanye nezibonelo ezivame ukuqedwa ezadalwa e-USSR, kodwa azizange zidalulwe ngaleso sikhathi ngezizathu ezicacile. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1990, imboni yezindiza yaseRussia kanye nemishini yezikhali ezicitshwayo yayingaziqhayisa “ngemikhiqizo emisha” ethokozisayo “engatshaliwe” cishe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba emva kweminyaka engama-20 bekungekho uxhaso oluphakathi nendawo lwezinhlelo ezintsha, lezo zinkampani kuphela ezenze izinkontileka ezinkulu zokuthumela ngaphandle zakwazi ukugcina ukuthuthukiswa kanye namandla okuqalisa ukusebenza. Eqinisweni, lezi kwakuyinkampani yakwaSukhodzha kanye nabakhiqizi bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane iMila. Izinkampani Ilyushin, Tupolev futhi Yakovlev cishe wayeka umsebenzi wabo. Onjiniyela abanekhono kakhulu nochwepheshe bashiya izikhungo zokuklama nezitshalo zokuhlola, futhi kwanqanyulwa izibopho zokubambisana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenzeka inhlekelele - ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwamahhovisi okwakha, okuyinto eRussia evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isikole sokwakha," kwaphazamiseka. Onjiniyela abasebasha babengenabani ababengafunda kuye futhi bazame, ngoba amaphrojekthi athile awazange aqaliswe. Lokhu kwakungabonakali ekuqaleni, kodwa lapho uhulumeni kaVladimir Putin eqala ukwandisa kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwemali kumaphrojekthi wesayensi, kwavela ukuthi lezi zinkampani zazilahlekelwe amandla okudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba awuzange ume futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi ubuyele kumaphrojekthi "eqandisiwe" eminyakeni eyi-XNUMX ngaphambili. Imiphumela yalokhu iya ngokuya ibonakala (ngaphezulu kulokhu ngezansi).

Izindawo ze-Su-57 ezinamapharashuthi emoyeni. Isithombe ngu-Marina Lystseva.

Izindiza

I-PJSC Holding Aviation Company i-Sukhoi inekhadi eliqinile ezandleni zayo - okuwukuphela kwendiza yokulwa yaseRussia yesizukulwane sesi-5, okungukuthi, i-PAK FA, noma i-T-50, noma i-Su-57. Ukuhlanganyela kwakhe ezindlini zombukiso zezindiza “kudoswa” ngokucophelela kakhulu. ULwesibili 2011 izimoto ezimbili zandizela phezu kweZhukovsky, eminyakeni emibili kamuva benza ukuqondisa ngokucophelela, njll. d. Kulo nyaka kugcine kunqunyiwe ukwethula ibhanoyi phansi. Ngale njongo, i-KNS yaqokwa - Ukuma Kwemvelo Okudidiyelwe, okungukuthi, isifanekiso esingandizi esisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-airframe yapenda futhi yanikezwa inombolo eqanjiwe 057 ... Ekuvulweni kwe-salon, kwakukhona ithimba elikhulu elivela eTurkey, eliholwa nguMongameli Recep Tayyip Erdogan, owaboniswa "057". Abezindaba baphawule kabanzi ngemibuzo yakhe mayelana nethuba lokuthola i-Su-57. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yomdlalo oyinkimbinkimbi waseTurkey ne-US, iRussia kanye nomakhelwane bayo abangama-Arab. Njengoba abaseMelika bengafuni ukuthengisa iTurkey i-F-35, lapho i-Ankara isivele ikhokhele cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-200 (izindleko ze-F-35 eyodwa ...), u-Erdogan "usongela" ukuthenga izindiza zaseRussia, nakuba kuze kube manje kuphela. I-Su-30 ne-Su-35. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, omunye umsebenzisi ongaba khona we-Su-57 - India - uveza isimo sengqondo esihlukile. Ekuqaleni, le ndiza kwakufanele ithuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela neRussia, base bebhekwa njengomsebenzisi wokuqala osobala angaphandle. Khonamanjalo, isimo sesishintshe kakhulu muva nje. I-India inezinkinga zokubuyisela imali ebolekiwe ngaphambilini eyayithathwe eRussia futhi isebenzisa imigqa emisha yezikweletu eqinisekiswe uhulumeni wase-US, ukuthenga, vele, izikhali zaseMelika. Osopolitiki baseNdiya nabo banokuphikisana okunesisekelo esiqinile ku-Su-57. Okungukuthi, baphikisana ngokuthi izinjini "zesiteji sokuqala" ezisetshenziswayo azihlinzeki ngokusebenza okwanele. Abaqambi baseRussia nabo bayazi ngalokhu, kodwa inkinga iwukuthi azikho izinjini ezifanele eRussia okwamanje futhi ngeke zibe khona isikhathi eside! Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile emhlabeni wonke ukwakha izinjini zezindiza zesizukulwane esisha. Ukusebenza kuzo kuvame ukuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunasendizeni ngokwazo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile “zifike sekwephuzile” futhi kudingeke ukuthi okwesikhashana zisebenzise amasistimu okushayela amadala ukuze lonke uhlelo luqhubeke. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo. I-Soviet T-10 yokuqala (Su-27) yandizela nge-AL-21 izinjini, hhayi i-AL-31 eyenzelwe bona. Injini ye-izdielije 57 yenzelwe i-Su-30, kodwa inkinga ukuthi umsebenzi kuyo waqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba umklamo wendiza uqale. Ngakho-ke, ama-prototypes we-T-50 afakwe izinjini zomndeni wakwa-AL-31, okwakuthiwa ngezinjongo zokuthengisa ngokuthi AL-41F1 ("umkhiqizo 117"). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-airframe yaklanywa kucatshangelwa ubukhulu nezinsimbi zezinjini ezindala. Ngokusemthethweni kuthiwa abaklami boMkhiqizo 30 kuzodingeka "balingane" nobukhulu nesisindo senjini yesizukulwane sangaphambilini, futhi lokhu kuwumkhawulo okunzima ukuvumelana nawo. Uma injini entsha izoba yintsha ngempela, ayikwazi ukufana (ngisho nangaphandle) njengenjini eyaklanywa eminyakeni engu-50 edlule. Ngakho-ke, uma injini entsha isilungile, okuningi kuzodingeka futhi kushintshwe ekwakhiweni kwe-airframe (kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-prototype ed. 30 iyahlolwa ku-T-50-2, ububanzi bezinguquko ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwe-airframe kunqunyelwe). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abenzi benqubomgomo yezempi yaseRussia bayabazi lobu buthakathaka be-T-50 ehlolwe njengamanje, ngakho-ke kuze kube muva nje babambezele isinqumo soku-oda iqoqo lokuqala lendiza. Kulo nyaka, esithangamini se-Army 2019 (hhayi ku-MAKS!), Izindiza zaseRussia zayala izindiza ze-76 ngenguqulo "yesikhashana", i.e. ngezinjini ze-AL-41F1. Lesi yisinqumo esifanele, esizovumela ukwethulwa kolayini wokukhiqiza emafektri e-Komsomolsk-on-Amur, kunikeze abahlanganyeli ithuba lokucwenga amathuluzi abo nokwenza lula ukumaketha kwamanye amazwe. Uma kungenjalo, lonke uhlelo kuzomele lumiswe iminyaka embalwa ezayo, bese, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe besho, kuzodingeka siqale ukuklama indiza entsha, ngoba i-T-50 okungenani yayizokhula ngokuziphatha ngalesi sikhathi.

Ilukuluku elincane elihlobene nokuboniswa kwama-T-50s amane endizeni bekuwukuhlala kwenye yezimoto ngokudedelwa kwamapharashuthi amabhuleki endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphezu komgwaqo wezindiza. Le nqubo yenza kube lula ukunciphisa kakhulu ibanga lokukhishwa, kodwa futhi ilayisha kakhulu i-airframe, ngoba, okokuqala, i-aerodynamic braking ebukhali iqala ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, indiza iyancipha kakhulu, i.e. igiya kufanele limelane nomthelela omkhulu kumzila wezindiza. Kudingeka umshayeli wendiza oqeqeshwe kakhulu. Lokhu kufanele kube isinqumo esinzima lapho, ngokwesibonelo, imoto kufanele yehlele engxenyeni emfushane yendlela yezindiza, enye esele ibhujiswe amabhomu ezitha. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, abashayeli bezindiza abahamba phambili be-MiG-21 kanye ne-Su-22 bafika ePoland...

Okufike kwamangaza ukuthi okuwukuphela kwemoto yokuhlola, i-Su-47 Bierkut, yagcina imile. Lesi ngesinye sezakhiwo eziningi ezithakazelisayo kusukela esikhathini sokuwohloka kwe-USSR. Ngaleso sikhathi, abaklami be-Sukhoi babefuna idizayini ye-aerodynamic ezohlinzeka ngokuguqulwa okuphezulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Ukukhetha kwawela phezu kwamaphiko ngomthambeka ongemuhle. Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwe-prototype, izingxenye eziningi zezinjini ze-Su-27 ne-MiG-a-31 zasetshenziswa ... Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwakungeyona i-demonstrator yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa i-fighter ehlome ngokugcwele enokubukeka okuncishisiwe (ngokungena komoya ojikelezayo. , igumbi lezikhali elimisiwe, inganono eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-Su-27M... ). Indiza "yahamba kahle", futhi uma kungenjalo "Yeltsin Troubles", yayiyoba nethuba lokungena ekukhiqizeni. Muva nje, le moto isetshenziselwe ukuhlola iziqhumane ze-airlock ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Su-57.

I-JSC RSK MiG isesimweni esibi kakhulu, cishe esingenathemba. Awekho ama-oda anele hhayi avela phesheya kuphela, kodwa ikakhulukazi avela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela waseRussia. UMikoyan akazange athole umyalo wokuthi "angenele" ngezindiza zakhe. Inkontileka enkulu kunazo zonke ezikhathini zamuva yi-46 MiG-29M kanye ne-6-8 MiG-29M2 yaseGibhithe (inkontileka evela ku-2014), kodwa izwe lidume ngokubalekela izibopho zalo zezezimali, nangemva kokuwohloka okungenzeka kobudlelwane phakathi kukaMongameli u-Abd al-Fattah. futhi Njengo-Sisi nenkantolo yaseSaudi, amathuba eRussia, ngakho-ke iMikoyan, yokuthi i-Egypt ibuyisele ngokushesha imali ebolekiwe yezikhali ingase ibe mancane kakhulu. Ithemba lokudayisa elinye iqoqo le-MiG-29K e-India nalo lingamampunge. Phakathi nombukiso, kwashiwo ngokungafanele ukuthi i-Algeria inesithakazelo esijulile ekuthengeni i-16 MiG-29M / M2, kodwa-ke, futhi ngokungafanele, kwacaciswa ukuthi izingxoxo zazithuthukisiwe ngempela, kodwa zihlobene ne-16 ... Su-30MKI.