Izinjini ezihamba phambili kule minyaka engama-20 edlule
Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1999, umagazini ohlonishwayo waseBrithani we-Engine Technology International wanquma ukusungula imiklomelo yomhlaba yezinjini ezihamba phambili ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke. Ijaji lalihlanganisa izintatheli zezimoto ezinethonya ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Kwazalwa kanjalo-ke i-International Engine of the Year Awards. Futhi ngokuhlonipha iminyaka engu-20 yomklomelo, ijaji lanquma ukunquma izinjini ezingcono kakhulu zaso sonke isikhathi - kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2019. Kugalari engezansi ungabona ukuthi ubani ongene kwabangu-12. Nokho, sicela uqaphele ukuthi le miklomelo ivamise ukunikezwa izinjini ezintsha ngokusekelwe emibonweni yezintatheli, futhi izinto ezifana nokwethembeka nokuqina azivamile ukunakwa.
10. I-Fiat TwinAir
Indawo yeshumi esilinganisweni empeleni ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamayunithi amathathu. Enye yazo yiTwinAir yakwaFiat engu-0,875 litre ehlomule ngezindondo ezine emcimbini wango-2011 okubalwa neBest Engine. Usihlalo wamajaji uDean Slavnich uyibize "enye yezinjini ezingcono kakhulu ezake zaba khona".
I-Fiat unit inezikhathi zokushintsha kwe-valve ezinama-hydraulic drives. Uhlobo lwayo oluyisisekelo, oluhlosiwe ngokwemvelo lufakwe kwiFiat Panda kanye ne-500, enikeza amandla amahhashi angama-60. Kukhona nokuhlukahluka okubili okunama-turbocharger angama-80 no-105 amahhashi, asetshenziswa kumamodeli afana ne-Fiat 500L, Alfa Romeo MiTo neLancia Ypsilon. Le njini iphinde yanikezwa umklomelo ohlonishwayo waseJalimane uRaul Pietsch.
10. BMW N62 4.4 Valvetronic
Le V8 efiseleke ngokwemvelo bekuyinjini yokuqala yokukhiqiza enezinhlobo eziningi zokutholwa kokudla kanye neBMW 2002 yokuqala eneValvetronic. Ngo-XNUMX, wawina imiklomelo emithathu yaminyaka yonke ye-IEY, kufaka phakathi indondo yeGrand for Engine of the Year.
Izinhlobo zayo ezahlukahlukene zifakwe ku-5th, 7th, X5 onamandla amakhulu, kulo lonke ulayini we-Alpina, kanye nabakhiqizi bezemidlalo abanjengoMorgan noWiesmann, futhi bathuthukisa amandla kusuka ku-272 kuye ku-530 amahhashi.
Ubuchwepheshe bayo obuthuthukisiwe bukulethele ukuqashelwa umhlaba wonke, kepha ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, akuyona enye yezethembeke kakhulu. Sincoma ukuthi abathengi abangamasekeni bayiqaphele.
10. IHonda IMA 1.0
Isifinyezo se-Integrated Motor Assist, yinkampani yaseJapan yokuqala eyenza ubuchwepheshe obuningi obukhiqizwa ngobuningi, eyalelwa imodeli ethandwayo yaphesheya kwe-Insight. Kuyi-hybrid efanayo, kepha ngomqondo ohluke ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa, sithi, iToyota Prius. Ku-IMA, imoto kagesi ifakwa phakathi kwenjini yomlilo nokudluliswa futhi isebenza njengesiqalo, i-balancer kanye nesesekeli lapho kudingeka.
Eminyakeni edlule, lolu hlelo luye lwasetshenziswa ngokususwa okukhulu (kufika ku-1,3 amalitha) futhi lakhelwe kumamodeli ahlukahlukene akwaHonda - kusukela ku-Insight engathandeki, i-Freed Hybrid, i-CR-Z ne-Acura ILX Hybrid eYurophu kuya ezinguqulweni ezixubile ze-Jazz, I-Civic ne-Accord.
9. IToyota KR 1.0
Eqinisweni, lo mndeni wamayunithi angama-cylinder amathathu ane-aluminium blocks awuzange uthuthukiswe yi-Toyota, kodwa yi-subsidiary yayo i-Daihatsu. Iphuma ngo-2004, lezi zinjini zasebenzisa amakhanda esilinda aqhutshwa ngamaketanga e-DOHC, umjovo wamaphoyinti amaningi kanye nama-valve angu-4 isilinda ngasinye. Enye yamandla abo ayinhloko kwakuyisisindo sabo esiphansi ngokungavamile - amakhilogremu angu-69 kuphela.
Eminyakeni edlule, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinjini zenziwe ngomthamo wamandla wamahhashi angama-65 kuye kwangama-98. Afakwe kwaToyota Aygo / Citroen C1 / Peugeot 107, Toyota Yaris ne-IQ yesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili, eDaihatsu Cuore naseSirion, kanye naseSubary Justy.
8. IMazda 13B-MSP Renesis
Ukuphikelela kwenkampani yaseJapan ukufaka izinjini ze-Wankel, eyayizinike ilayisense kwa-NSU ngaleso sikhathi, yaklonyeliswa ngale yunithi, ebizwa ngekhodi engu-13B-MSP. Kuyo, imizamo yesikhathi eside yokulungisa izingqinamba ezimbili eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwenjini - ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kanye nekhabhoni ekhishwa ngokweqile - kubonakala kuthele izithelo.
Ushintsho lwangempela emachwebeni okukhipha luye lwakhuphula kakhulu ukucindezelwa kwangempela, futhi ngamandla. Ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuke ngama-49% ngaphezu kwezizukulwane ezedlule.
IMazda ifake le njini ku-RX-8 yawina nayo izindondo ezintathu ngo-2003, okuhlanganisa nendondo enkulukazi yenjini yonyaka. Ikhadi elikhulu lecilongo laliyisisindo esiphansi (112 kg kunguqulo eyisisekelo) nokusebenza okuphezulu - amandla afinyelela ku-235 ngamalitha angu-1,3 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kuhlala kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina futhi inezingxenye ezigugile kalula.
7.BMW N54 3.0
Ngenkathi iBMW engu-4,4-litre V8 inamazwana ngokubekezela, kunzima ukuzwa igama elibi nge-cylinder eyisithupha uN54. Le yunithi yamalitha amathathu yaqala ukubonakala ngonyaka ka-2006 ngezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu zochungechunge lwesithathu (E90) futhi yanqoba i- "International Engine of the Year" iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana, kanye nozakwabo waseMelika uWards Auto iminyaka emithathu ku irowu.
Le yinjini yokuqala ye-BMW yokukhiqiza ene-injection ngqo turbocharging ne-dual variable valve timing (VANOS). Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi ihlanganiswe kukho konke: E90, E60, E82, E71, E89, E92, F01, futhi, nezinguquko ezincane, e-Alpina.
6. BMW B38 1.5
I-BMW ingumkhiqizo oklonyeliswe kakhulu emashumini amabili okuqala e-International Engine of the Year, futhi lo obambe iqhaza ngokungalindelekile ube negalelo elikhulu kulokhu: injini eyi-cylinder turbo enesisindo samalitha ayi-1,5, isilinganiso sokucindezelwa esingu-11 1, umjovo oqondile, ama-VANOS amabili kanye ne-aluminium turbocharger yokuqala emhlabeni evela e-Continental.
Iphinde yafakwa nasezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili njengeBMW 2 Series Active Tourer neMINI Hatch, kanjalo nezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva. Kepha udumo lwayo olubucayi kakhulu luvela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kokuqala: kwi-i8 yezemidlalo eyi-hybrid, lapho, ephelele ngama-motors kagesi, inikeze ukushesha okufanayo neLamborghini Gallardo eyake yakwenza.
5. IToyota 1NZ-FXE 1.5
Le nguqulo ekhetheke kancane yezinjini zohlobo lwe-NZ zohlobo lweToyota, ezenzelwe ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli we-hybrid, ikakhulukazi i-Prius. Injini inesilinganiso sokucindezela somzimba esiphakeme kakhulu esingu-13,0: 1, kepha kukhona ukubambezeleka kokuvala i-valve yokudla, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwangempela kuye ku-9,5: 1 futhi kuyenze isebenze entweni efana nomjikelezo we-Atkinson. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla ne-torque, kepha kwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Kwakuyile njini yamandla wehhashi engama-77 nge-5000 rpm eyayiyinhliziyo yesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili se-Prius (esesithathu sesivele sisebenzisa i-2ZR-FXE), i-Yaris hybrid namanye amamodeli amaningi anesitshalo esifanayo.
4. IVolkswagen 1.4 TSFI, TSI Twincharger
Ngokuya nge-EA111 endala enhle, le njini entsha eyeturbocharged yethulwa embukisweni wezimoto iFrankfurt Motor Show ngo-2005 ukushayela isizukulwane sesihlanu iGalofu. Enguqulweni yayo yokuqala, le cylinder emine 1,4 yayinamandla angu-150 amahhashi futhi yayibizwa ngeTwincharger, okungukuthi, yayinakho kokubili icompressor ne-turbo. Ukufuduswa okuncishisiwe kunikeze ukonga okubalulekile kukaphethiloli namandla kwaba ngu-14% ngaphezu kwe-2.0 FSI.
Yenziwe eChemnitz, le yunithi isetshenziswa kumamodeli ahlukahlukene cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo. Kamuva kwavela inguqulo enamandla ancishisiwe, ngaphandle kwe-compressor, kodwa kuphela nge-turbocharger ne-intercooler. Wayephinde futhi akhanye ngo-14 kg.
3. BMW S54 3.2
Enye yezinto ezidume ngempela zekota yokugcina yekhulunyaka. Eyaziwa nge-S54, bekuyinguqulo yakamuva ye-S50 ephumelele kakhulu, injini kaphethiloli enamasilinda ayisithupha efunwa ngokwemvelo. Lesi sigameko sakamuva ngeyemoto ekhumbuleka kakhulu, i-E3-generation BMW M46.
Efektri, le njini ikhiqiza amandla amahhashi angama-343 ngo-7900 365 rpm, i-torque ephezulu yamamitha angu-8000 eNewton futhi iphotha kalula ifike ku-XNUMX rpm.
2. IFord 1.0 EcoBoost
Ngemva kwemisebenzi eminingi emikhulu yesevisi kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zezigameko zokushisisa kwenjini noma ukuzithungela, namuhla i-EcoBoost engamasilinda amathathu inesithunzi esonakele kancane. Kodwa empeleni, izinkinga nalo azizange zivele kuyunithi ngokwayo - impumelelo emangalisayo yobunjiniyela, kodwa ngenxa yokunganakwa nomnotho endaweni yayo, njengamathangi namapayipi okupholisa.
Lolu phiko, olwakhiwe yi-European division of Ford eDunton, e-UK, lwavela ngo-2012 futhi lwahlaba umxhwele izintatheli ngezici zalo - ilitha elilodwa levolumu, namandla amakhulu angu-125 amahhashi. Kwabe sekufika i-140 hp Fiesta Red Edition. Uzophinde ukuthole kokuthi Focus, C-Max, nokuningi. Phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014, uqokwe njengeNjini Yezizwe Yonyaka izikhathi ezintathu zilandelana.
1. IFerrari F154 3,9
Owinile ongaphikiswa emincintiswaneni emine yokugcina ye-International Engine of the Year. AmaNtaliyane aklama njengolandela i-F2,9A endala engu-120 litre. Ine-turbocharging ekabili, umjovo oqondile, isikhathi se-valve esiguqukayo ne-engela engu-90-degree phakathi kwamakhanda esilinda.
Isetshenziswa ekuguqulweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-Ferrari California T, GTC4 Lusso, Portofino, Roma, 488 Pista, F8 Spider futhi nakwi-high-tech Ferrari SF90 Stradale. Uzokuthola nasezinguqulweni ezide kakhulu zeMaserati Quattroporte neLevante. Ihlobene ngqo nenjini emnandi ye-V6 esetshenziswa i-Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio.
