I-Lotus, isiko elide le-F1 - Ifomula 1
Okuqukethwe
ILotus ayiwunqobi umpetha womhlaba F1 isivele ineminyaka engama-35 ubudala, kodwa nokho ingabhekwa njengelinye lamaqembu angena emlandweni walo mdlalo: hhayi nje impumelelo (izihloko zomhlaba eziyi-13 - abashayeli bezindiza abayisithupha nabakhi abayisikhombisa - phakathi kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha namashumi ayisikhombisa), kodwa futhi nenhle kakhulu. inani ompetha baleli qembu.
Masithole ndawonye umlando weqembu laseBrithani, ebelilokhu liyisizinda sethalente (ompetha bomhlaba abayisikhombisa baqala ukuvela naleli qembu) futhi labonakala ngokwenyuka nokwehla okuningi.
I-Lotus: indaba ku-F1
La I-Lotus debuts kuFomula 1 eMonte Carlo Grand Prix ka-1958 nabashayeli ababili baseBrithani: UCliff Ellison (Indawo yesi-6 ekugcineni) e IGraham Hill (ukwehluleka ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenjini). Umphumela omuhle wesizini utholwe eBelgium, lapho u-Allison ethinta umsamo waqeda isine. Ngonyaka ozayo kwaba ukuphenduka kwesinye sezikhonzi zeSilo, I-Innes Ireland (indawo yesine eNetherlands), cishe ukuyenza yaba ngabathathu abahamba phambili.
Ukunqoba kokuqala
Iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha yaqala kahle: ngo-1960, ithimba "laseBrithani" lathatha indawo yesibili ku-World Constructors 'Championship sibonga u-Briton Stirling Moss, owawina ukunqoba kokuqala kweqembu e-Monte Carlo futhi waliphinda e-USA. Ngo-1961, uMoss uthole ezinye izimpumelelo ezimbili (i-Monte Carlo neJalimane), kuyilapho i-Ireland ibusa i-US, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, iwina kathathu (iBelgium, i-UK ne-US) yiBritish. UJim Clark azenele ukuwina isicoco somhlaba.
KwakunguJim Clark
1963 - unyaka wegolide weqembu UColin Chapman – Umsunguli owine uMqhudelwano Wama-World Constructors’ ngenxa kaClark, waba Umpetha Womhlaba Wabashayeli ngokunqoba okuyisikhombisa (iBelgium, Holland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Mexico kanye neNingizimu Afrika). Izinto zaba zimbi kakhulu ngonyaka olandelayo lapho umgibeli "waseBrithani" ethatha "kuphela" ukunqoba okuthathu (iHolland, iBelgium neGreat Britain).
La I-Lotus ubuyele embusweni ngo-1965, waphinda isihloko somhlaba futhi: waphinda futhi wabonga uClark, oweqa umugqa wokuqeda amahlandla ayisithupha ngaphambi kwabo bonke abantu (iNingizimu Afrika, iBelgium, iFrance, iGreat Britain, iHolland kanye neJalimane). Ushintsho lomthethonqubo ngo-1966 (izinjini yasuka ku-1.500 yaya ku-3.000 cc) ithola iqembu laseBrithani lingakulungele, lizuze impumelelo eyodwa kuphela e-USA. Iqembu liyazithethelela ngo-1967 ngempumelelo emine - futhi nguClark (Holland, Great Britain, USA neMexico) - kodwa imiphumela ayanele kumpetha.
Ngo-1968, uClake wawina umjaho wokuqala wesizini - eNingizimu Afrika - kodwa washona ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva emjahweni we-F2.
Hill e-Rindt
La I-Lotus unemoto enqobayo, futhi yize kushone umshayeli wakhe omele kakhulu, ubuyela nayo yomibili imiqhudelwano yomhlaba yalowo nyaka ngenxa yokunqoba kathathu kwaseBrithani. IGraham Hill (Spain, Monte Carlo neMexico), okumvumela ukuthi athole iris phakathi kwabashayeli, kanye nokuxhaphaza abaseSwitzerland. UJoe Siffert - owokuqala ongeyena owaseBrithani ukusika iLotus esinyathelweni esiphezulu sesiteji - e-UK. Awushadile I-49Bipendwe ngemibala kagwayi ebomvu nebomvu yegolide Iqabunga legolide futhi akusekho nohlaza lwakudala lwesiNgisi, kuqophe umlando we-motorsport njengemoto yokuqala exhaswe yi-Circus.
U-1969 unyaka wenguquko lapho u-Hill ewina e-Monte Carlo nase-Austria. UJochen Rindt kunqoba e-USA. Lesi sakamuva sibusa isizini yango-1970 ngokunqoba okuyisihlanu (iMonte Carlo, Holland, France, Great Britain kanye neJalimane), ulahlekelwa yimpilo yakhe kwi-Grand Prix yase-Italy, kepha wakwazi ukunqoba i-World Championship (okuwukuphela kwayo emlandweni eyanikezwa ngemuva kokufa). Isihloko sabakhi sanqotshwa nguLotus, sibonga ngokwengxenye impumelelo yethimba laseBrazil. U-Emerson Fittipaldi e-USA.
Indebe Yomhlaba KaFittipaldi
Ngo-1971, uChapman wagxila kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemoto eyisihlalo esisodwa enamasondo amane, futhi lokhu kwathinta imiphumela: ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1960 kwakungekho ukunqoba (indawo yesibili yeFittipaldi e-Austria yayihamba phambili ) I-Lotus.
Isimo siyathuthuka impela ngonyaka we-1972 lapho uFittipaldi eba yingqwele yomhlaba (sibonga ukunqoba okuyisihlanu: iSpain, iBelgium, iBrithani, i-Austria ne-Italy) futhi ivumela iqembu lakhe ukuthi ligoduke nompetha bomhlaba wonke wabakhi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, isicoco seqembu saphindwa ngemiklomelo emithathu nguFittipaldi (i-Argentina, iBrazil neSpain) kwathi amane yiSweden. URonnie Peterson (France, Austria, Italy kanye ne-USA).
Yehla uvuke
Ukwaneliseka kuphela kwe- I-Lotus ngo-1974 bavela ePeterson (owawina eMonte Carlo, eFrance nase-Italy), futhi ngo-1975 inkundla eyodwa kuphela - iphutha lemoto ephelelwe yisikhathi - ingeyaseBelgium. UJacqui X (owesibili eSpain).
Ukukhuphuka kwaqala ngo-1976 ngempumelelo yaseMelika UMario Andretti emzuliswaneni wokugcina wesizini, uGP waseJapan akhuluma ngawo kwifilimu ethi "Rush", kwathi ngo-1977 iqembu laseNgilandi lathinta isihloko soConstructors no-Andretti (okokuqala eNtshonalanga ye-USA, eSpain, eFrance nase e-Italy) kanye nabaseSweden UGunnar Nielsson (ngaphambi kwabo bonke abanye eBelgium).
Umqhudelwano wokugcina womhlaba
Umqhudelwano wokugcina womhlaba I-Lotus ibuyele emuva ku-1978: unyaka ojabulisayo nosizi weqembu likaColin Chapman. U-Andretti uba ngumpetha womhlaba ngokuwina okuyisithupha (i-Argentina, iBelgium, iSpain, iFrance, iJalimane neHolland), nozakwabo uPeterson (onqobe kabili eNingizimu Afrika nase-Austria), obuyele kuLotus ngemuva kokushiya iqembu lisenkingeni, ulahlekelwa yimpilo yakhe ... engozini e-Grand Prix yase-Italy. Ngemuva kwenyanga, uNilsson naye uyanyamalala ngenxa yesimila.
Umoya wenhlekelele
Ngemuva kwesicoco somhlaba esinezikhathi ezimbili seqembu "laseBrithani", kulandela isikhathi esibucayi, eminyakeni emithathu ezayo esingazange sinyukele esigabeni esiphakeme sesikhulumi: owase-Argentina unemiphumela emihle kakhulu. UCarlos Reitemann (Indawo yesi-2 e-Argentina naseSpain ngo-1979), kusuka kithi U-Elio de Angelis (Indawo yesi-2 eBrazil ngo-1980) naseBrithani UNigel Mansell (Indawo yesithathu eBelgium ngo-3).
Usale kahle, Chapman
La I-Lotus buyela ekunqobeni ngo-1982 - e-Austria - ngenxa ka-de Angelis. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uColin Chapman wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Iminyaka emibili eyalandela yayimpofu (uMansell walala isithathu ku-European Grand Prix ka-1983, eFrance naseNetherlands ngo-1984, no-de Angelis isithathu eBrazil, eSan Marino naseDallas ngo-1984).
Izikhathi zokugcina zenjabulo
Isiginesha yomshayeli waseBrazil U-Ayrton Senna ngo-1985, lokhu kuvumela iqembu laseBrithani ukuthi libuyele empumelelweni. INingizimu Melika iphethe ePortugal (impumelelo yakhe yokuqala kwezomsebenzi) naseBelgium, kuyilapho ozakwabo eqenjini u-de Angelis enyukela esicongweni sesikhulumi saseSan Marino.
Kusukela ngonyaka ozayo, impumelelo kuphela ye- I-Lotus zivela e-Ayrton: ezimbili ngo-1986 (eSpain naseDetroit) kanti ezimbili ngo-1987 (iMonte Carlo neDetroit).
Izikhathi ezimnyama
USenna wanikela ngeLotus ngo-1988 ngenkathi owaseBrazil UNelson Piquet ikwazi ukuthatha izindawo ezintathu kwezintathu (iBrazil, iSan Marino ne-Australia). Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, akukho lutho: ngo-1989, iqembu laseBrithani lacishe lakhuphuka emsamo izikhathi eziningana (izindawo ezintathu kwezine ePique eCanada, Great Britain naseJapan nakwenye yamaJapan). USatoru Nakajima e-Australia), futhi ngo-1990 umphumela omuhle kakhulu - indawo yesihlanu yaseBrithani. UDerek Warwick eHungary.
Ku-1991 I-Lotus uthembele ikakhulu eFinland UMika Heckkinen (owesihlanu eSan Marino), okwakuphindwe kabili kwesine eFrance naseHungary ngonyaka olandelayo. EBrithani UJohnny Herbert (indawo yesine eBrazil, e-European and British Grand Prix ngo-1993 nasendaweni yesikhombisa eBrazil ePacific Rim naseFrance ngo-1994, unyaka wokuqala ngaphandle kwamaphoyinti weqembu laseNgilandi) uthola izindawo ezihamba phambili zethimba ngaphambi kokuhlukana ne-Circus .
Noma ngokukhuluma
La I-Lotus ibuyela kuFomula 1 ngo-2010, kepha iqembu linezinto ezimbalwa kakhulu ezifanayo nalokhu okushiye i-Circus ngo-1994. Okokuqala, akuseyona eyaseBrithani, kepha seyaseMalaysian, ngoba yazalwa kumfelandawonye owakhiwa abanye osomabhizinisi abavela ezweni lase-Asia kanye nakuhulumeni waseKuala Lumpur, owuthola kumkhiqizi wezimoto Proton (ongowokuzalwa eMalaysia futhi ongumnikazi wohlobo lomkhiqizo "waseBrithani") ilungelo lokusebenzisa igama elingokomlando ukuze asebenze kumaSekisi.
Iqembu lidlale amasizini amabili lingazange liwine nephuzu elilodwa: unyaka wokuqala nguFinn. UHeikki Kovalainen usezingeni le-12 eJapan, kanti izindawo zeshumi nantathu zifika ngonyaka ozayo: ezimbili nezethu UJarno Trulli (Australia naseMonte Carlo) kanye nomunye noKovalainen (Italy).
Yeqa ngekhwalithi
Ngo-2012, ngemuva kwempi ende yezomthetho, igama I-Lotus isetshenziselwa izimoto zangaphambili ezihlala abantu abakwaRenault (iqembu elivele lixhaswe ngumenzi waseBrithani ngonyaka odlule). Ithimba, elibuyiselwe ngokusemthethweni esiNgisini, liwina iGrand Prix (leyo ese-Abu Dhabi neFinn UKimi Raikkonen) ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu yendlala futhi ngo-2013 iletha impumelelo entsha ekhaya, futhi noRaikkonen e-Australia.
