I-Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II e-Japan

I-Japanese F-35A (AX-01; 701) yokuqala endizeni ngo-Agasti 24, 2016. Uhulumeni wase-Japan wagunyaza ukuthengwa kwe-42 F-35As ngomhla ka-20 Disemba 2011, futhi wasayina isivumelwano sezinhlaka zikahulumeni ngoJuni 29, 2012.

I-Japan ibiphakathi kwabasebenzisi abakhulayo bendiza yokulwa ye-F-35 Lightning II iminyaka eminingana manje. Kuphinde kube yizwe lesibili ngemuva kwe-Italy (isingabali i-USA) lapho kusebenza khona umhlangano we-F-35 kanye nesikhungo senkonzo. Ngokungafani nengxenye enkulu yomhlaba, lapho i-F-35 izoba yindiza yokuqala yokulwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo, e-Japan ibhekwa njengesengezo esibalulekile kodwa esihambisanayo kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili - i-F-15J/DJ kai ethuthukisiwe amaqhawe e-FX esizukulwane esisha.

Maphakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lesi-2, iJapan Air Self-Defense Force (Kōkū Jieitai; Air Self-Defense Force, ASDF) yabhekana nombuzo wokukhetha indiza entsha yokulwa. Ngenxa yezizathu zezezimali, ukukhiqizwa kweziteleka ze-Mitsubishi F-2008A/B kwakunomkhawulo, futhi ngo-4, kuhlelwe ukuqala ukukhumbula i-McDonnell Douglas F-15EJ kanye ne-Phantom II fighters. Nakuba ama-avionics e-McDonnell Douglas F-5J/DJ Eagle interceptors ayenziwe abesimanje (bheka ibhokisi), ngokwakhiwa kwamaqhawe esizukulwane sama-20 (Chengdu J-50 kanye noSukhoi T-5/PAK FA, ngokulandelana), i-ASDF yayingaphakathi. isimo esingesihle. AmaJapane ayenesithakazelo esikhulu kumlweli waseMelika wesizukulwane sama-22 u-Lockheed Martin F-XNUMXA Raptor, kodwa ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuthumela ngaphandle okwaphasiswa yi-US Congress, ukuthenga kwabo kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, baqala olwabo uhlelo lokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha sabalwi (bheka ibhokisi).

I-Japanese F-35A yokuqala yenza indiza yayo yokuqala isuka eFort Worth, eTexas; Agasti 24, 2016 Egumbini labalindi lika-Lockheed Martin wokuhlola umshayeli,

UPaul Hattendorf.

Uhlelo Lokuvikela Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi (MTDP) Lweminyaka Yezimali ka-2005-2009, olusekelwe kuZiqondiso Zohlelo Lwezokuvikela Lukazwelonke olwamukelwa uHulumeni waseJapan ngoDisemba 10, 2004 (Bōei Keikaku no Taikō; Izinkombandlela Zohlelo Lwezokuvikela Kazwelonke, NDPG) zika-2005 kanye nezezimali ezalandela. iminyaka ephawuliwe: Uhulumeni wase-Japan uzogqugquzela ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwe-F-15 fighter futhi athenge ama-fighters amasha ukuze athathe indawo ye-F-4. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqulwa kukahulumeni kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukwamukelwa kwezinqumo ezithile zokuthengwa komlandeli we-F-4EJ kai kwabambezeleka iminyaka eminingana. Kuphela ku-SPR elandelayo ka-2011-2015, esekelwe ku-NPD 17 nangaphezulu, eyamukelwa uhulumeni ngoDisemba 2010, 2011, kwakuhlelwe ukuthenga iqoqo lokuqala lama-tactical fighters amasha angu-12.

Abazongenela ukhetho bahlanganisa: I-Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Boeing F-15 Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, Dassault Rafale kanye ne-Eurofighter Typhoon. NgoZibandlela wezi-2008, lolu hlu lwancishiswa lwaba yi-F-15, F-35 kanye neSishingishane. Abamele i-ASDF bavakashele imboni ngayinye ukuze bafunde ngokusebenza kwendiza nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngalesi sisekelo, ngo-June 2010, i-F-15 yathathelwa indawo yi-F / A-18E / F eyanqatshwa ngaphambilini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wanquma ukwengeza ohlwini lwezidingo ithuba lokukhiqizwa okunelayisensi noma ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina kwezindiza ezithengiwe e-Japan. Umqondo bekuwukugcina imisebenzi embonini yezindiza yaseJapan, ikakhulukazi iMitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), ebinamandla okukhiqiza ngemuva kokuthi i-F-2 inqanyulwe kusenesikhathi futhi ingafuni ukudiliza abasebenzi bayo abanolwazi, nabaqeqeshwe kakhulu.

Ngo-April 13, 2011, uMnyango Wezokuvikela WaseJapane (Bōeishō) wathumela Izicelo ezisemthethweni Zolwazi (ama-RFI) kumasosha amasha kuhulumeni wase-US nowase-UK. Umnqamulajuqu wokuhambisa iziphakamiso bekuwumhla zingama-26 kuMandulo. Ngemva kokuhlaziya kwabo, ngo-December 20, 2011, uhulumeni waseJapane kanye noMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha (Kokka Anzen Hoshō Kaigi; UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke) bagunyaza ukukhethwa kwe-F-35A. Izici ezibalulekile kwaba: ukwenza izinto eziningi, ikakhulukazi amakhono aphezulu kakhulu ohambweni olusuka emoyeni luya emhlabathini, ubuhle bezobuchwepheshe bendiza kanye namathemba okuthuthuka okuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo, kanye nokungeniswa emhlanganweni wokugcina nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezikhethiwe kanye imihlangano eJapane. Nakuba uhlelo lokuthuthukisa nokuhlola lwe-F-35 lwalukhungethwe izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambezeleka okude ngaleso sikhathi, amaJapane ayehlele ukuthenga amayunithi angu-42 kusukela ngonyaka wezimali ka-2012.

Ngemva kokumenyezelwa kwesinqumo sikahulumeni wase-Japan, uSihlalo kanye ne-CEO ye-Lockheed u-Martin Bob Stevens uthe, “Siyaziqhenya ngokwethemba uhulumeni wase-Japan akubeke ku-F-35 naseqenjini lethu labadidiyeli ukuletha le mpi yesizukulwane sesihlanu e-Japan. Air Self Defense Force. Lesi simemezelo siphawula isahluko esisha ebudlelwaneni bethu besikhathi eside nomkhakha wase-Japan futhi sakhela phezu kokubambisana okuseduze kwezokuphepha phakathi kwe-US ne-Japan.

Isiphetho senkontileka

Ngomhla zingama-30 kuMbasa, 2012, i-Defence and Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) yazisa i-US Congress ukuthi iziphathimandla zaseJapane zifake isicelo kubaphathi baseMelika ukuze bathole imvume yokuthengisa ama-F-35A amane ngaphansi kwenqubo ye-FMS (Foreign Military Sale) okungenzeka ukuthi omunye 38 Isamba esiphezulu senani lenkontileka, ngaphezu kwendiza ngokwayo, ehlanganisa nemishini eyengeziwe, izingxenye ezisele, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokusekelwa kokusebenza, kulinganiselwa ku-$ 10 billion. Isekela lesi sicelo, i-DSCA yathi: I-Japan ingamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe nezomnotho e-East Asia nase-Western Pacific futhi ingumfelandawonye obalulekile wase-US ekuletheni ukuthula nokuzinza esifundeni. Uhulumeni wase-US usebenzisa izisekelo nezinsiza eJapan. Ukudayiswa okuhlongozwayo kuhambisana nezinjongo zezombusazwe zase-U.S. kanye neSivumelwano Sokubambisana Nokuvikeleka Sango-1960.

Isivumelwano esisemthethweni sezinhlaka zikahulumeni (i-LOA) sokuthengwa kwama-F-35A amane anenketho engu-38 (eyasetshenziswa eminyakeni eyalandela) nemishini namasevisi ahlobene sasayinwa ngomhla ka-29 Juni 2012. Ngalesi sisekelo, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US , esebenza egameni likaHulumeni waseJapane, ngo-March 25 2013 usayine inkontileka ehambisanayo no-Lockheed Martin. Umbiko wonyaka woMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US kaJanuwari 2013 uthi ama-F-35A amane okuqala e-ASDF azoba nesofthiwe ye-Block 3i yezindiza. Imishini elandelayo yochungechunge lwe-Lot 9 LRIP (Low Rate Initial Production) isivele ifakwe isofthiwe ye-Block 3F.