LKS ngesiRashiya

I-Prototype Vasily Bykov ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kolwandle. I-silhouette yomkhumbi ingeyesimanje ngempela. Kodwa-ke, abagxeki eRussia bayamgxeka ngenxa yokuthi akasebenzi kangako ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlobo ezidingekayo zamamojula wezithunywa zevangeli. Baphinde baveze ukuthi i-WMF…ayikudingi nhlobo, ngoba imisebenzi yokuvikela imingcele kanye nokuqondisa indawo yezomnotho ekhethekile olwandle yenziwa ngabaQaphi Basogwini - njengeNkonzo yethu Yokugada Imingcele Yasolwandle.

Umqondo wemikhumbi enezinjongo eziningi, ngokusekelwe ekutheni kungenzeka ukushintshana ngemishini nezikhali ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, awuyona neze into entsha emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Nokho, isimo sihluke kakhulu nge-Navy of the Russian Federation, ethatha izinyathelo zokuqala kule ndlela.

Indlela yokuqala yokujwayela imikhumbi eyimodulayo kwakuwuhlelo lweDanish Standard Flex, olusasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ngokuyisisekelo kwakungekhona mayelana nokwenzeka kokumiswa okukhethekile komkhumbi othile wokwenza lo msebenzi, kodwa mayelana nokuthola ukuhlangana okwakhayo, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yesixhumi efanayo kanye nokuxhumana kwamamojula ezikhali noma imishini ekhethekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemikhumbi. . . Eminyakeni eminingi yokuzijwayeza, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi umkhumbi ofakwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-sonar edonswayo, waya olwandle izinyanga eziningi, futhi izinguquko zenzeka kuphela lapho ungena endaweni yemikhumbi ukuze ulungiswe isikhathi eside, uhlolwe futhi uthuthukiswe. Bese imojuli "ekhishiwe" ingathola omunye umkhumbi onohlelo lwe-Standard Flex. Uhlelo lwe-American LCS (Littoral Combat Ship) kuphela lwasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka obekufanele lube uhlelo lokuqala olufunwayo lwemodular. Izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhumbi eklanyelwe futhi esakhelwe i-US Navy, i-Freedom evamile kanye ne-Independence trimaran, isesigabeni sama-frigates ngokuya ngokufuduka kwawo. Zinezikhali ezicitshwayo ezimile kanye nezinhlelo ezicitshwayo zokulwa nezindiza zebanga elifushane, futhi zonke ezinye izinto eziqondiwe ziyashintshwa. Umqondo wokwehlisa amanani kanye nokwandisa ukutholakala kwemikhumbi ejwayelekile ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene wawumuhle, kodwa ukuqaliswa kwawo kwakuphaphatheka kubantu baseMelika - kwakukhona izinkinga ngokusebenza nokuhlanganiswa kwamamojula omsebenzi, ukwanda kwezindleko zokwakha amayunithi kanye nawo wonke. uhlelo. Nokho, ngokushesha wathola okulandelayo.

Phakathi kweqembu elikhulu kakhulu lemikhumbi efana nomqondo ofanayo, lokhu okulandelayo kungaboniswa: uhlobo lonogada baseFrance i-L'Adroit Gowind, uhlobo lwaseSingapore lwe-Independence (ebizwa nangokuthi i-Littoral Mission Vessel), uhlobo lwase-Omani i-Al-Ofouq (eyaklanywa futhi yakhiwa eSingapore) noma uhlobo lweBrunei iDarussalam (eklanywe futhi yakhiwa eFederal Germany). Abonakala ngezikhali ezingashintshiwe ezilinganiselwe kanye namadekhi asebenzayo aft, ezikhathini eziningi kunama-slipways okuqalisa izikebhe - afana ne-LCS. Nokho, ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu. Iningi lazo alidluli ngokulambisa ukufuduka kwamathani ayi-1300-1500, okwenza intengo yawo ibe ngaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunaleyo yozakwabo baseMelika, ithengeke kakhulu. Umkhumbi wokusula imayini i-Chapla bekufanele ufane nabo, kodwa kubonakala sengathi umqondo wokuwakhela i-Polish Navy awuzange uthandeke kunoma ubani - ngisho namatilosi noma abenzi bezinqumo, futhi wahlehliswa. .

Kodwa-ke, amaRussia ayekuthanda, okumangazayo, uma kubhekwa indlela yabo yokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi. Akungabazeki ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakubhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokuthekelisa, kodwa kwayala ukwakhiwa kwamayunithi afanayo e-WMF. Isizathu kwaba futhi sihlala sishoda imali yokukhiqiza ngobuningi bemikhumbi yokulwa, eyayizosetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokusekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubafaka emsebenzini ngemikhumbi yabo kuzoqinisa futhi kwenze iphrojekthi ibe negunya ngokwengeziwe emehlweni alabo abangase babe abathengi. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungena ngempumelelo emakethe yokulwa, ukugada kanye nabasizi bangaphandle abavela emazweni afana neChina, iNdiya, iRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea noma iSingapore eshiwo ngenhla kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi iMoscow inqamule isiphakamiso kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabamukeli bendabuko e-Asia naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Inkathi entsha ku-WMF

I-Navy of the Russian Federation sekuyisikhathi eside izwa isidingo samayunithi akwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo endaweni yogu. Uguquko olwalumlindile - kusukela emikhumbi emikhulu yasolwandle yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi kuya emabuthweni esimanje ahlome ngemikhumbi yendawo yonke - kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ezincane nezimaphakathi zokufuduka. "Impi Yomshoshaphansi" yayingakwazi ukugcwalisa igebe kancane, ngoba imingcele yabo ye-tactical kanye nezobuchwepheshe kanye neminyaka ayizange ikuvumele ngokugcwele lokhu. Esikhundleni salokho, kwavela umqondo wokwakha uhlobo olusha lomkhumbi wokugada ongaqapha ngempumelelo indawo yezomnotho futhi uhlanganyele ekulweni uma kunesidingo. Isixazululo esiyingxenye yenkinga kungaba imikhumbi emincane ecitshwayo yephrojekthi 21631 "Buzhan-M" noma 22800 "Karakurt", kodwa lezi zingamayunithi eziteleka ezijwayelekile, futhi zibiza kakhulu ukwakha nokusebenza, futhi ezidingekayo kwenye indawo.

Ukusebenza ngomkhumbi wokugada ojwayelekile wendawo yasolwandle yephrojekthi 22160 ye-VMP waqala kusenesikhathi - maphakathi neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lethu. Zenziwa yi-JSC "Northern Design Bureau" (SPKB) eSt. Petersburg ngaphansi kobuholi bomklami omkhulu u-Alexei Naumov. Inkontileka noMnyango Wezokuvikela ngezindleko ezingokomfanekiso zama-ruble angu-475 (cishe ama-zł angu-000 ngenani lokushintshanisa ngaleso sikhathi) ukuze kuthuthukiswe umklamo wokuqala waphothulwa ngo-43 kuphela. Kule nqubo, kwasetshenziswa i-Guards 000. U-Wybrzeże Służby Pogranicza we-FSB yeRussian Federation (ukwakhiwa kwe-prototype ye-Rubin kwaqala ngo-2013, futhi yangena enkonzweni eminyakeni emibili kamuva), lesi yisakhiwo esisha, futhi - ngezimo zaseRussia. - ezintsha. Inhloso yalezi zinyathelo kwakuwukwakha okungabizi kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ephumelelayo, nokulungela ukuhamba olwandle, izinhloso eziningi, ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana ehlobene nokuvikelwa kwamanzi ezindawo kanye namamayela angama-22460. indawo yezomnotho ekhethekile ezilwandle eziphakeme nezivaliwe, kanye nokuvinjelwa kokushushumbiswa kanye nokukhwabanisa, ukucinga nokusiza izisulu zezinhlekelele zasolwandle kanye nokuqapha imvelo. Ngesikhathi sempi, umlindi kuzodingeka enze imisebenzi yokuvikela imikhumbi nemikhumbi ngesikhathi sokuhamba olwandle, kanye nezisekelo namadamu. Kule misebenzi, amayunithi wephrojekthi 2007 kufanele athathe indawo yemikhumbi emincane yephrojekthi ye-ZOP i-200M ne-22160M, imikhumbi ecitshwayo yamaphrojekthi we-1124 no-1331 kanye nabashayi bezimayini, yonke inkathi yamaSoviet.

Umkhumbi wokugada we-Project 22160 umkhumbi wokuqala waseRussia osuselwe kumqondo wezikhali kanye nemishini ejwayelekile. Ingxenye yayo izofakwa unomphela ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kuyilapho kukhona umkhawulo wokufuduka kanye nesikhala sokuhlangana okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi - okubaluleke kakhulu - izikhundla zokukhethwa kwamamojula aguquguqukayo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, ezingathathelwa indawo ngamanye kuye ngokuthi isidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yalolu hlelo ingqalasizinda yezindiza unomphela, ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukusekela indiza enophephela emhlane esekela imisebenzi eminingi.

Ukufaneleka olwandle, isivinini kanye nokuzimela okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, kanye nokunethezeka kwabasebenzi, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo emkhunjini wezinhloso eziningi onokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe imingcele efanelekile, i-hull engenawo ukuguqulwa kwedeski yasetshenziswa. Ukukhiqizwa nokulungiswa kwayo ishibhile futhi kulula. Amafreyimu omnsalo anomumo ojulile we-V, olungiselelwe ukunyakaza kwesikhathi eside ngesivinini esikhulu samaza, futhi amafreyimu angemuva anziwe isicaba, akhe amathaneli amabili okugwedla endaweni yomugqa we-shaft. Ingxenye yekhala ine-hydrodynamic bulb entsha futhi womabili ama-rudder shafts ajikijelwa ngaphandle. Umklamo onjalo uzovumela ukuhamba kunoma yisiphi isimo solwandle, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali kuze kufike kumaphuzu angu-5 kanye nokusebenza kwezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kuze kufike kumaphuzu angu-4. Ngokusho kwe-SPKB, izici zasolwandle zomkhumbi wokugada wephrojekthi 22160 zizoba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kobukhulu bomkhumbi wokugada (i-frigate) wephrojekthi 11356 ngokususwa okuphelele okungaba ngu-4000 rpm.