Impilo yomuntu siqu kaColonel Jozef Beck

Ngaphambi kokungena esiteji somhlaba, uJozef Beck wakwazi ukuxazulula izindaba zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu zomuntu siqu, okungukuthi, wahlukanisa nomkakhe wokuqala futhi washada noJadwiga Salkowska ( osesithombeni ), ohlukanisile no-Major General Stanislav Burchardt-Bukacki.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi izwi eliwujuqu emsebenzini wezombangazwe lingelomkakhe. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, lokhu kuzwakale ngoBilly noHillary Clinton; icala elifanayo lenzeka emlandweni we-Second Polish Republic. UJozef Beck wayengeke abe nomsebenzi omuhle kangaka uma kungenjalo kumkakhe wesibili, uJadwiga.

Emndenini wakwaBeck

Kwasatshalaliswa imininingwane ephikisanayo mayelana nemvelaphi yongqongqoshe wakusasa. Kuthiwa wayeyinzalo yetilosi laseFlemish elangena enkonzweni ye-Commonwealth ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, kwakukhona nokwaziswa ukuthi ukhokho womndeni wayengowokuzalwa eJalimane Holstein. Abanye baphinde bathi amaBeks aqhamuka ezicukuthwaneni zaseCourland, nokho, okubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uHans Frank wayefuna izimpande zamaJuda zomndeni kangqongqoshe, kodwa wehluleka ukukuqinisekisa lokhu.

Umndeni wakwaBeck wawuhlala e-Biala Podlaska iminyaka eminingi, uyingxenye yomphakathi wendawo - umkhulu wami wayengumphathi weposi kanti ubaba wami wayengummeli. Nokho, uColonel wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa eWarsaw (Okthoba 4, 1894), futhi wabhapathizwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox laseSt. UZiqu-zintathu endaweni engaphansi. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi unina kaJozef, uBronislav, wayephuma emkhayeni Obumbene, futhi ngemva kokuqedwa kweSonto LamaKatolika LamaGreki yiziphathimandla zaseRussia, wonke umphakathi waqashelwa njengowobu-Orthodox. UJozef Beck wamukelwa eSontweni LamaRoma Katolika ngemva kokuba umndeni uzinzile eLimanovo, eGalicia.

Ungqongqoshe wakusasa wayenentsha eyisivunguvungu. Waya endaweni yokuzivocavoca eLimanovo, kodwa izinkinga zemfundo zazisho ukuthi wayenenkinga yokuyiqeda. Ekugcineni wathola idiploma yakhe yesikole samabanga aphezulu eKrakow, wabe esefunda eLviv enyuvesi yendawo yezobuchwepheshe, futhi ngemva konyaka wathuthela e-Academy of Foreign Trade eVienna. Akazange aphumelele kule nyuvesi ngenxa yokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Wabe esejoyina iLegion, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokudubula njengendoda yezikhali (yangasese). Wakhombisa ikhono elikhulu; Ngokushesha wathola amakhono esikhulu futhi wayiqeda impi ngesikhundla sikakaputeni.

Ngo-1920 washada noMaria Slominskaya, futhi ngo-September 1926 kwazalwa indodana yabo u-Andrzej. Kunolwazi oluncane ngoNkk. Beck wokuqala, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi wayengowesifazane omuhle ngokwedlulele. Wayengubuhle obukhulu, - wakhumbula i-diplomat uVaclav Zbyshevsky, - wayenokumomotheka okuthakazelisayo, egcwele umusa nokuthakazelisa, nemilenze emihle; ke ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni kwakukhona imfashini yezingubo eziya emadolweni - futhi namuhla ngiyakhumbula ukuthi angikwazanga ukususa amehlo ami emadolweni akhe. Ngo-1922-1923 u-Beck wayeyilungu lezempi lasePoland eParis, futhi ngo-1926 wasekela uJozef Piłsudski ngesikhathi sokuketula umbuso ngoMeyi. Waze wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekulweni, eyinduna yebutho lamavukela-mbuso. Ukwethembeka, amakhono ezempi kanye nokufaneleka kwakwanele emsebenzini wezempi, futhi isiphetho sika-Beck sasinqunywe ukuthi wahlangana nowesifazane ofanele endleleni yakhe.

Jadwiga Salkowska

Ungqongqoshe wesikhathi esizayo, indodakazi yodwa yommeli ophumelelayo uVaclav Salkovsky noJadwiga Slavetskaya, wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 1896 eLublin. Ikhaya lomkhaya lalicebile; ubaba wayengumeluleki wezomthetho ezigayweni eziningi zikashukela kanye nebhange laseCukrownictwa, wabuye weluleka abanikazi bomhlaba bendawo. Le ntombazane yaphothula izifundo ezihlonishwayo zika-Aniela Warecka eWarsaw futhi yayisazi kahle isiJalimane, isiFulentshi nesiNtaliyane. Isimo esihle sezimali somndeni samvumela ukuba avakashele e-Italy naseFrance njalo ngonyaka (kanye nomama wakhe).

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, wahlangana noKaputeni uStanisław Burkhadt-Bukacki; lokhu kujwayelana kwagcina ngomshado. Ngemva kwempi, lo mbhangqwana wazinza eModlin, lapho uBukatsky eba (esesikhundleni sika-lieutenant colonel) umkhuzi we-8th Infantry Division. Eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokuphela kwempi, indodakazi yabo okuwukuphela kwayo, uJoanna, yazalelwa lapho.

Nokho umshado waba mubi kakhulu, bagcina benqume ukuhlukana bobabili. Isinqumo senziwe lula yiqiniso lokuthi ngamunye wabo wayesevele ehlela ikusasa nomlingani ohlukile. Endabeni kaJadwiga, kwakunguJózef Beck, futhi kwadingeka umusa wabantu abaningana ukuze kuxazululwe isimo esinzima. Indlela eshesha kakhulu (futhi eshibhile) kwakuwukushintsha inkolo - ukushintshela kwelinye lamahlelo amaProthestani. Ukuhlukana kwemibhangqwana yomibili kwahamba kahle, akuzange kubuhlungu ubuhlobo obuhle bukaBukatsky (wathola isikhundla sokuba jikelele) no-Beck. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu bahlekisa emgwaqweni eWarsaw:

Iphoyisa libuza iphoyisa lesibili, "Uzowuchithelaphi uKhisimusi?" Impendulo: Emndenini. Ingabe useqenjini elikhulu? "Hhayi-ke mkami uzobe ekhona, ingoduso yomkami, ingoduso yami, indoda yakhe kanye nomfazi wengoduso yomkami." Lesi simo esingavamile sake sammangaza uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle WaseFrance uJean Barthou. U-Becky unikezwe isidlo sasekuseni ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, futhi uBurkhadt-Bukatsky naye wayephakathi kwezihambeli ezimenyiwe. Inxusa laseFrance uJules Laroche wayengenaso isikhathi sokuxwayisa umphathi wakhe mayelana nesimo esithile somshado sabanikazi, futhi usopolitiki wangena engxoxweni noJadwiga mayelana nezindaba zamadoda nabesifazane:

UMadame Bekova, uLaroche ukhumbula, wathi ubuhlobo bomshado bungaba bubi, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ayizange ibavimbe ekugcineni ubuhlobo bobungane ngemva kwekhefu. Ebufakazini, uthe etafuleni elifanayo kwakukhona owayengumyeni wakhe, owayemzonda kanjalo, kodwa owayesamthanda kakhulu njengomuntu.

AmaFulentshi acabanga ukuthi umninikhaya wayedlala, kodwa lapho indodakazi kaNkk Bekova ibonakala etafuleni, uJadwiga wamyala ukuba aqabule uyise. Futhi, ukwesaba kukaBart, intombazane "yaziphonsela ezingalweni zikajenene." UMariya naye waphinde washada; wasebenzisa isibongo somyeni wakhe wesibili (Yanishevskaya). Ngemva kokugqashuka kwempi, wathuthela nendodana yakhe eNtshonalanga. U-Andrzej Beck walwa embuthweni wamasosha asePoland, wabe esezinza e-United States nonina. Uthole iziqu eRutgers University eNew Jersey, wasebenza njengonjiniyela, wasungula eyakhe inkampani. Wasebenza ngentshiseko ezinhlanganweni ze-diaspora yasePoland, wayengumongameli kanye nomongameli weJozef Pilsudski Institute eNew York. Washona ngo-2011; usuku lokushona kukanina alwaziwa.

Ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uJozef Beck waphazamisa izifundo zakhe futhi wajoyina amabutho asePoland. Wamiswa

ku-artillery ye-1916th brigade. Ukubamba iqhaza ekulweni, wazihlukanisa phakathi kwabanye ngesikhathi sempi yaseRussia empini yaseKostyukhnovka ngoJulayi XNUMX, lapho alimala khona.

UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle

UNkosikazi Beck omusha wayengumuntu othanda ukuvelela, cishe wayenezifiso ezinkulu kunawo wonke amakhosikazi ezikhulu eziphakeme (ngaphandle kokubalwa komlingani ka-Eduard Smigly-Rydz). Wayenganelisekile ngomsebenzi womfazi wesikhulu - phela, umyeni wakhe wokuqala wayesezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Iphupho lakhe kwakuwukuhamba, ukujwayelana nezwe elihle, kodwa wayengafuni ukuhamba unomphela ePoland. Wayengenaso isithakazelo esikhundleni sobunxusa; wayekholelwa ukuthi umyeni wakhe angasebenza eHhovisi Lezangaphandle. Futhi wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngesithombe esihle somyeni wakhe. Ngesikhathi u-Beck, uLaroche ekhumbula, eseyiPhini likaNobhala Wezwe e-Presidium of the Council of Ministers, kwabonakala ukuthi ubonakala emicimbini egqoke ijazi, hhayi edlubhe umfaniswano. Izifundo zafundwa ngokushesha kulokhu. Okuphawuleka nakakhulu ukuthi uNkz. Bekova wathola kuye isithembiso sokuyeka ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala.

U-Jadwiga wayazi kahle ukuthi utshwala lonakalisa imisebenzi eminingi, futhi phakathi kwabantu basePiłsudski kwakunabantu abaningi ababenokuthambekela okufanayo. Futhi wayesilawula ngokuphelele isimo. ULaroche ukhumbula indlela, phakathi nesidlo sakusihlwa ehhovisi lenxusa laseRomania, uNkz. Beck athatha ingilazi ye-champagne kumyeni wakhe, ethi: “Sekwanele.

Izifiso zikaJadwiga zaziwa kabanzi, zaze zaba isihloko somdwebo we-cabaret kaMarian Hemar - "Kumelwe ube ngumfundisi." Kwakuyindaba, - Mira Ziminskaya-Sigienskaya wakhumbula, - mayelana nentokazi eyayifuna ukuba umfundisi. Futhi yatshela inkosi yayo, isikhulu, ukuthi yenzeni, ukuthi yini okufanele ithenge, ukuthi yini okufanele ihlele, ukuthi yisiphi isipho esingasinikeza intokazi ukuze ibe yisikhonzi. Lo mnumzane uyachaza: Ngizohlala endaweni yami yamanje, sihlezi sithule, siphila kahle - ingabe umubi? Waqhubeka wathi, “Kufanele ube ngumfundisi, ube ngumfundisi.” Ngalingisa lo mdwebo: Ngagqoka, ngafaka iziqholo futhi ngakubeka kwacaca ukuthi ngizohlela umbukiso wokuqala, ukuthi inkosi yami izoba ungqongqoshe, ngoba kufanele ibe umfundisi.

Ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini, wazibonakalisa phakathi kwabanye ngesikhathi sokusebenza phambi kweRussia empini yaseKostyukhnovka ngoJulayi 1916, lapho alimala khona.

Khona-ke uNksz Bekkova, engangimthanda kakhulu, ngoba wayengumuntu omnandi, onesizotha - empilweni yomfundisi angizange ngibone ubucwebe obucebile, wayehlala egqoke isiliva elihle kuphela - ngakho uNkz. Bekkova wathi: "Hey Mira, Ngiyazi, ngiyazi ukuthi ubucabanga ngobani, ngiyazi, ngiyazi ukuthi ubucabanga ngobani ... ".

U-Jozef Beck ukhuphule ileli lomsebenzi ngempumelelo. Ube yiPhini likaNdunankulu wabe eseba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle. Umgomo womkakhe wawuwukuba isikhonzi sakhe; Wayazi ukuthi umphathi wakhe, u-August Zaleski, wayengeyena umuntu kaPiłsudski, futhi umphathi-mkhosi kwakudingeka abeke umphathi wenkonzo eyinhloko. Ukungena kwenhloko yezokuxhumana zasePoland kuqinisekise abakwaBecks ukuhlala unomphela eWarsaw ngamathuba amaningi okuhamba emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi emhlabeni nenhle kakhulu.

Ukunganaki kukaNobhala

Ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo yizinkumbulo zikaPavel Starzhevsky ("Trzy lata z Beck"), unobhala womuntu siqu kangqongqoshe ngo-1936-1939. Umlobi, yiqiniso, ugxile emisebenzini yezombangazwe ka-Beck, kodwa wanikeza iziqephu ezimbalwa ezinikeza ukukhanya okuthakazelisayo kumkakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwabo bobabili.

U-Starzhevsky wayemthanda ngokuphelele umqondisi, kodwa futhi wabona ukushiyeka kwakhe. Wazisa “ukukhanga kwakhe okukhulu komuntu siqu”, “ukunemba okukhulu kwengqondo” kanye “nomlilo wangaphakathi ovutha njalo” obonakala ezolile ngokuphelele. U-Beck wayebukeka kahle kakhulu - emude, emuhle, ebukeka emuhle egqoke ijazi lomsila kanye neyunifomu. Kodwa-ke, inhloko ye-diplomacy yasePoland yayinamaphutha amakhulu: wayezonda i-bureaucracy futhi engafuni ukubhekana "namaphepha". Wayethembele "kwinkumbulo yakhe emangalisayo" futhi akazange abe namanothi etafuleni lakhe. Ihhovisi likangqongqoshe eBrühl Palace lafakaza kumqashi - lalipendwe ngamathoni ensimbi, izindonga zazihlotshiswe ngezithombe ezimbili kuphela (uPilsudski noStefan Batory). Okunye okokusebenza kuncishiswa kube yizidingo ezingenalutho: ideski (elihlala lingenalutho, kunjalo), usofa, nezihlalo ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlobisa isigodlo ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha kuka-1937 kwabangela impikiswano enkulu:

Nakuba ukubukeka kwesigodlo, u-Starzhevsky ukhumbula, isitayela nobuhle bangaphambili kwakugcinwe ngokuphelele, okwasizwa kakhulu ukutholwa kwezinhlelo zangempela ezivela eDresden, ukuhlobisa kwayo kwangaphakathi akuzange kuhambisane nokubukeka kwayo. Ayiyeki ukungicasula; izibuko eziningi, amakholomu angama-filigree kakhulu, izinhlobonhlobo zemabula ezisetshenziswa lapho zanikeza umbono wesikhungo sezimali esichumayo, noma, njengoba omunye wosomaqhinga bakwamanye amazwe akubeka ngokunembe kakhudlwana: indlu yokugezela eCzechoslovakia.

Kusukela ngo-November 1918 e-Polish Army. Njengenhloko yebhethri yehhashi, walwa ebuthweni lase-Ukraine kwaze kwaba ngu-February 1919. Wabamba iqhaza ezifundweni zempi eSikoleni Sezisebenzi Ezivamile eWarsaw kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba 1919. Ngo-1920 waba yinhloko yomnyango eMnyangweni Wesibili Wezisebenzi Ezivamile Zezempi YasePoland. Ngo-1922-1923 wayengumxhumanisi wezempi eParis naseBrussels.

Noma kunjalo, ukuvulwa kwebhilidi kwaba yishwa elikhulu. Ngaphambi kokuvakasha okusemthethweni kweNkosi yaseRomania, uCharles II, kwanqunywa ukuhlela ukuqeqeshelwa izingubo. Kwaba nesidlo sakusihlwa sokuhlonipha abasebenzi bakangqongqoshe kanye nomlobi wokwakhiwa kabusha kwesigodlo, umdwebi wezakhiwo uBogdan Pnevsky. Umcimbi uphele ngokungenelela kwezokwelashwa.

Ephendula impilo ka-Bek, u-Pniewski wayefuna, ngokulandela isibonelo sika-Jerzy Lubomirski we-The Flood, ukuba aphule isitsha sekristalu ekhanda lakhe. Nokho, lokhu akuphumelelanga, futhi isitsha sachitheka lapho sijikijelwa phansi emabula, futhi uPnevsky owayelimele kwadingeka abize i-ambulensi.

Futhi umuntu angakholelwa kanjani ezibonakalisweni nasezibikezelweni? I-Brühl Palace yaba khona iminyaka embalwa nje, futhi ngemva kokuvukela kweWarsaw yaqhunyiswa kakhulu kangangokuthi namuhla awukho umkhondo walesi sakhiwo esihle ...

U-Starzhevsky naye akazange afihle ukuthi umqondisi umlutha wotshwala. Uveze ukuthi eGeneva, ngemva komsebenzi wosuku olugcwele, u-Beck wayethanda ukuchitha amahora amaningi endlunkulu yethimba, ephuza iwayini elibomvu ehlangene nentsha. La madoda ayephelezelwa izintokazi - amakhosikazi abasebenzi bebhizinisi lasePoland, futhi uColonel washo ngokumamatheka ukuthi akakaze ayeke.

Umbono omubi kakhulu wenziwa uTitus Komarnicki, ummeleli wesikhathi eside wasePoland eNhlanganweni Yezizwe. U-Beck waqala wathatha umkakhe waya eGeneva (eqinisekisa ukuthi wayenesithukuthezi lapho); ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu "zezombangazwe", waqala ukuza yedwa. Ngemva kwengxoxo, wanambitha iwiski yakhe ayithandayo ekude namehlo aqaphile omkakhe. UKomarnicki ukhale ngokuthi kufanele alalele i-monologue ka-Beck engapheli mayelana nomqondo wakhe wokulungisa kabusha ipolitiki yaseYurophu kuze kube sekuseni.

Ngo-1925 wathweswa iziqu Military Academy e Warsaw. Ngesikhathi sokuketulwa umbuso kukaMeyi 1926, weseka uMarshal Jozef Pilsudski, eyinduna yabasebenzi bamabutho akhe amakhulu, i-Operational Group of General Gustav Orlicz-Drescher. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuketulwa umbuso - ngoJuni 1926 - waba inhloko yeKhabhinethi kaNgqongqoshe Wezempi u-J. Pilsudski.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ozakwabo nabaphathi bezikhungo zikahulumeni basize ukuxosha unkosikazi kangqongqoshe. Kunzima ukungamomotheki lapho u-Yadviga ekhumbula ngakho konke:

Kwakuvame ukuba kanje: UNdunankulu uSlavek uyangibiza, ofuna ukungibona ngendaba ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyimfihlo evela kumyeni wami. ngiyabika kuye. Unolwazi oluvela kuNgqongqoshe wethu Wezangaphakathi, emaphoyiseni aseSwitzerland, ukuthi kukhona ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni mayelana nokuhlaselwa kukaNgqongqoshe u-Beck. Uma ehlala ehhotela, ukushayela nami kunzima kakhulu. AbaseSwitzerland bamcela ukuthi ahlale eMishini Ehlala Phansi YasePoland. Asikho isikhala esanele, ngakho-ke kufanele ihambe yodwa.

- Ucabanga kanjani? Kuzohamba kusasa ekuseni, yonke into isimi ngomumo. Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngiyeke ukuhamba ngokuzumayo?

- Yenza okufunayo. Kumele ashayele yedwa angazi ukuthi kade ngikhuluma nawe.

Slavek kwaba okufanayo; UJanusz Yendzheevich waziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kwaphinde kwaba nokwesaba mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ahlaselwe ungqongqoshe, futhi uJozef kwadingeka ukuthi aye eGeneva yedwa. Futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi ubumbano lwabesilisa kwesinye isikhathi lungenza izimanga...

Ungqongqoshe wayethanda ukuphuma emehlweni kaJadwiga, wabe eseziphathisa okomfundi ogangile. Yiqiniso, kwakufanele aqiniseke ukuthi angahlala engaziwa. Futhi amacala anjalo ayengavamile, kodwa ayenjalo. Ngemva kokuhlala e-Italy (ngaphandle komkakhe), wakhetha umzila wendiza esikhundleni sokubuyela ekhaya ngesitimela. Isikhathi esilondoloziwe sachithwa e-Vienna. Ngaphambili, wathumela umuntu omethembayo lapho ukuba ayolungisa indawo yokuhlala eDanube. UNgqongqoshe wayehambisana no-Starzhevsky, futhi incazelo yakhe iyathakazelisa kakhulu.

Okokuqala, abanumzane baya ku-opera ukuze badlale i-Knight of the Silver Rose kaRichard Strauss. U-Beck, nokho, wayengeke achithe ubusuku bonke endaweni ehloniphekile, ngoba wayenokuzijabulisa okwanele nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sekhefu abanumzane bahlukane, baye endaweni yokucima ukoma ethile, bangazigodli ngophuzo oludakayo bagqugquzela neqembu lomculo lendawo ukuthi lidlale. ULevitsky kuphela, owayesebenza njengonogada kangqongqoshe, owasinda.

Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo kwakuthakazelisa nakakhulu. Ngiyakhumbula, uStarzewski uyakhumbula, kwenye i-nightclub eWallfischgasse lapho safika khona, uCommissar Levitsky wayehlala etafuleni eliseduze futhi ephuza ingilazi ye-dilunt amahora amaningi. U-Beck wayechichima injabulo, ephindaphinda izikhathi ngezikhathi: "Yeka injabulo ukungabi umfundisi." Ilanga lase liphumile kudala lapho sibuyela ehhotela futhi salala, njengasezikhathini ezingcono kakhulu zasenyuvesi, ubusuku obuchitha eDanube.

Izimanga azigcinanga lapho. Ngesikhathi uStarzewski ezumeka ngemuva kokuchitha ubusuku, ucingo lwamvusa. Amakhosikazi amaningi abonisa isidingo esimangalisayo sokukhuluma nabayeni bawo ezimweni ezingafaneleki kakhulu. Futhi uJadwiga naye wayehlukile:

UNksz Bekova ushaye ucingo efuna ukukhuluma nongqongqoshe. Walala kwabafile ekamelweni elilandelayo. Kwaba nzima kakhulu kimi ukuchaza ukuthi wayengekho ehhotela, okwakungakholwanga, kodwa angizange ngithuke lapho ngiqinisekisa ukuthi konke kwakumi ngomumo. Emuva eWarsaw, u-Beck ukhulume kabanzi mayelana ne-"Knight of the Silver Rose" kwezinye izenzakalo.

ngemva kwe-opera, akazange angene.

UJadwiga washada nomyeni wakhe hhayi nje ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe. U-Jozef wayengekho esimweni sezempilo esingcono kakhulu futhi wahlushwa izifo ezimbi ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika. Wayephila impilo ekhandlayo, ngokuvamile esebenza ngemva kwamahora, futhi kwakudingeka ahlale etholakala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela ukuthi ungqongqoshe wayenesifo sofuba, esambulala ngesikhathi eboshiwe eRomania eneminyaka engu-50 kuphela ubudala.

UJadwiga, nokho, wakushaya indiva okunye okuthandwa umyeni wakhe. UColonel wayethanda ukubheka ekhasino, kodwa wayengeyena umdlali:

U-Beck wayethanda kusihlwa - njengoba u-Starzhevsky echaza ukuhlala kukangqongqoshe eCannes - ukuya kafushane ekhasino yendawo. Noma kunalokho, edlala nenhlanganisela yezinombolo kanye nesivunguvungu se-roulette, wayengavamile ukuzidlalela, kodwa wayemagange ukubona ukuthi inhlanhla ihambisana kanjani nabanye.

Ngokuqinisekile wayencamela ibhuloho futhi, njengabanye abaningi, wayengumlandeli oshisekayo walo mdlalo. Wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekuzilibaziseni kwakhe okuthandayo, kwakudingeka ukugcina isimo esisodwa kuphela - abalingani abalungile. Ngo-1932, ummeli u-Alfred Vysotsky wachaza ngokwesaba uhambo no-Beck beya e-Pikelishki, lapho kwakufanele babike khona ku-Piłsudski ngezindaba ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yangaphandle:

Endlini ka-Beck, ngathola isandla sokudla sikangqongqoshe, uMajor Sokolovsky noRyszard Ordynsky. Lapho uNgqongqoshe esendleleni eya enkulumweni yezombangazwe ebalulekile, ngangingalindele ukuhlangana noReinhard, umqondisi wemidlalo yeshashalazi nefilimu, intandokazi yabo bonke abalingisi. Kubukeka sengathi uNgqongqoshe wayelidinga ebhulohweni ababezowela kulo, engivimbela ukuba ngixoxe ngokuqukethwe umbiko wami, engangenza

lalela umasha.

Kodwa ingabe kukhona okumangazayo ngongqongqoshe? Ngisho noMongameli Wojciechowski, kolunye uhambo lwakhe ezweni lonke, wenqaba ukuya esikhulwini sendawo esiteshini esithile sesitimela, ngoba wayebheja i-slam (kwamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi akaphilile futhi ulele). Ngesikhathi sokuqondisa kwezempi, abadlali abahle kuphela babanjwa yilabo ababengakwazi ukudlala ibhuloho. Futhi ngisho noValery Slavek, owayebhekwa njengesizungu esivelele, wabuye wavela kusihlwa kwebhuloho lika-Beck. U-Józef Beck naye wayengowokugcina kubantu basePilsudski abavelele uSlavek akhuluma nabo ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Abanumzane abazange badlale ibhuloho ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva lowo owayengundunankulu wazibulala.

Kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuDisemba 1930, u-Józef Beck wayeyiPhini likaNdunankulu kuhulumeni wasePiłsudski. NgoZibandlela walowo nyaka, waba yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle. Kusukela ngo-November 1932 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-September 1939 waba inhloko yoMnyango Wezangaphandle, esikhundleni August Zaleski. Wabuye wasebenza eSenate kusukela ngo-1935-1939.

Ukuphila kwansuku zonke komndeni wakwaBeckov

Ungqongqoshe nomkakhe babenelungelo lendlu yenkonzo futhi baqale bahlala eRachinsky Palace endaweni yaseKrakow. Ayengamakamelo amakhulu nanokuthula, ayefaneleka ngokukhethekile uJosefa, owayenomkhuba wokucabanga ezinyaweni zakhe. Igumbi lokuphumula lalilikhulu kangangokuthi uNgqongqoshe "wayekwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka" bese ehlala eduze kweziko, okuyinto ayeyithanda kakhulu. Isimo sashintsha ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha kweSigodlo saseBrühl. AbakwaBek babehlala engxenyeni ehlanganisiwe yesigodlo, lapho amakamelo ayemancane, kodwa ewonke ayefana nendlu yesimanje yomuntu ocebile.

Usozimboni waseWarsaw.

UNgqongqoshe nomkakhe babenenqwaba yemisebenzi yokumela kuleli nasemazweni angaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlotsheni ezehlukene zokwamukela izivakashi ezisemthethweni, ukwamukela izivakashi kanye nokwamukela izivakashi, ukuba khona kuma-vernissages nasezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. U-Jadwiga akazange akufihle ukuthi wathola eminye yale misebenzi inzima kakhulu:

Ngangingawathandi amadili - hhayi ekhaya, hhayi kunoma ubani - ngemidanso esele imenyezelwe. Ngenxa yesikhundla somyeni wami, kwadingeka ngidanse abadansi ababi kunezikhulu eziphezulu. Babephelelwa umoya, bakhathele, kwakungabaniki ubumnandi. Nami futhi. Lapho ekugcineni sifika isikhathi sabadansi abahle, abancane nabajabule... Ngangivele ngikhathele futhi nginesizungu kangangokuthi ngavele ngaphupha ngokubuyela ekhaya.

U-Beck wahlukaniswa ngokunamathela okungajwayelekile kuMarshal Jozef Pilsudski. U-Vladislav Pobog-Malinovsky wabhala: Wayengumphathi wayo yonke into ka-Beck - umthombo wawo wonke amalungelo, umbono wezwe, ngisho nenkolo. Kwakungekho, futhi kwakungeke kube khona, noma iyiphi ingxoxo ngamacala lapho uMarshal ake akhipha khona isinqumo sakhe.

Nokho, wonke umuntu wavuma ukuthi Jadwiga uyifeza ngokuphelele imisebenzi yakhe. Wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze enze konke kube kuhle ngangokunokwenzeka, nakuba kwezinye izici wayengakwazi ukufinyelela umanduleli womyeni wakhe:

Ikhishi likangqongqoshe, uLaroche wakhala ngokuthi lalingenalo idumela elalinalo ngesikhathi sikaZaleski, owayeyisilomo, kodwa amadili ayemahle, futhi uNksz.

ULaroche, njengoba kufanele umFulentshi, wakhononda ngekhishi - ekholelwa ukuthi bapheka kahle kuphela ezweni lakubo. Kodwa (ngokumangazayo) u-Starzhevsky uphinde wazwakalisa ukubhuka okuthile, ethi i-turkey enama-blueberries isetshenziswa kaningi kumadili ongqongqoshe - ngithambile kakhulu ukuyikhonza njalo. Kodwa uGoering onjalo wayeyithanda kakhulu i-turkey; enye into ukuthi iMarshal of the Reich yayinohlu olude lwezitsha ezizithandayo, futhi isimo esiyinhloko sasiyinala eyanele yezitsha ...

Ama-akhawunti asekhona agcizelela ubuhlakani bukaJadwiga, owazinikela cishe ngokuphelele ohlangothini lokumelela impilo yomyeni wakhe. Ngokusuka ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yakhe, uLaroche waqhubeka, ezama ukuthuthukisa isithunzi somyeni wakhe futhi, kuyavunywa, nezwe lakubo.

Futhi wayenezinketho eziningi zalokho; Ukushisekela izwe kanye nomuzwa wokuthunywa kukaJadwiga kwamphoqa ukuba ahlanganyele ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yomphakathi. Isekela imicimbi yobuciko yemvelo ethile yesi-Polish, efana nemibukiso yobuciko bendabuko noma i-embroidery, amakhonsathi kanye nokuphromotha inganekwane.

Ukuphromothwa kwezimpahla zasePoland ngezinye izikhathi kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga - njengasendabeni yengubo kasilika kaJadwiga yasePoland evela eMilanowek. Phakathi nengxoxo neNkosazana u-Olga, inkosikazi yesikhulu saseYugoslavia, ungqongqoshe wavele waba nomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubi okwenzeka engutsheni yakhe:

… Benginengubo entsha kusilika ocwebezelayo ovela eMilanówek. Akuzange kungifikele ukuthi ngifike eWarsaw. Imodeli yenziwe nge-oblique. UPrincess Olga wangibingelela egunjini lakhe lokudweba elizimele, elifakwe kalula nangokufudumele, elimbozwe nge-chintz enombala okhanyayo enezimbali. Osofa abaphansi, abathambile kanye nezihlalo zengalo. Ngihlale phansi. Isihlalo sangigwinya. Ngizokwenzenjani, umnyakazo obucayi kakhulu, angenziwa ngokhuni, ingubo ikhuphukela phezulu ngibheke amadolo. Siyaxoxa. Ngizabalaza ngengubo ngokucophelela futhi lutho. Igumbi lokuphumula eligcwele ilanga, izimbali, intokazi ebukekayo iyakhuluma, futhi lo mthambeka omubi uphazamisa ukunaka kwami. Kulokhu inkulumo-ze kasilika evela eMilanovek yangithinta kabi.

Ngaphezu kwemicimbi eyisibopho yezikhulu eziphakeme eza eWarsaw, abakwaBekovite ngezinye izikhathi babehlela imihlangano evamile yomphakathi embuthanweni wezikhulu zezikhulu. U-Jadwiga ukhumbule ukuthi i-apula leso lakhe kwakuyisekela elihle laseSweden u-Bohemann nomkakhe omuhle. Ngolunye usuku wabaphekela isidlo sakusihlwa, wamema nommeleli waseRomania, omyeni wakhe naye wayebucwebe ubuhle bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidlo sakusihlwa besihanjelwe ngabasePoland, abakhethelwe ... ubuhle bamakhosikazi abo. Ubusuku obunjalo obukude nemihlangano evamile eqinile nomculo, ukudansa futhi ngaphandle "kwezingxoxo ezibucayi" kwakuyindlela yokuphumula yabahlanganyeli. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ukwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe kunganikeza ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe.

Isidlo sakusihlwa se-Swiss MEP entsha. Imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu, amandla ayaphela kuyo yonke iRachinsky Palace. Amakhandlela abekwe phezu kokudlwengulwa. Ziningi zazo, kodwa ama-salon makhulu. I-atmospheric twilight yonke indawo. Ukulungisa kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathe isikhathi eside. Kumele wenze sengathi amakhandlela aphonsa izithunzi ezingaqondakali kanye ne-stearin nxazonke akuyona ingozi, kodwa umhlobiso ohlosiwe. Ngenhlanhla, iLungu lePhalamende elisha manje selineminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili... futhi lijabulela ubuhle bokukhanya okuphansi. Izintokazi ezisencane zazicasulwe ukuthi aziyiboni imininingwane yezindlu zangasese zazo futhi zicabange ukuthi lokhu kuhlwa kumoshile. Hhayi-ke, ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa kwakhanya izibani.

Umbono ofanayo wezwakaliswa ku-Beck ngunobhala wakhe u-Pavel Starzheniaski, ephawula ukuthanda izwe okujulile kongqongqoshe: Uthando lwakhe oluvuthayo ngePoland nokuzinikela okuphelele ku-Piłsudski - "uthando olukhulu kunazo zonke empilweni yami" - futhi kuphela enkumbulweni yakhe "nezincomo" - zaziphakathi kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zika-Beck.

Enye inkinga yayiwukuthi osopolitiki baseJalimane naseSoviet babengathandwa ngabantu basePoland. Ngokusobala, abesifazane benqabile ukudansa "Schwab" noma "Bachelor Party", abafuni ngisho nokuba nengxoxo. U-Bekova wasindiswa ngabafazi bezikhulu ezincane zoMnyango Wezangaphandle, ababehlala ngokuzithandela nangokumomotheka benza imiyalo yakhe. NamaNtaliyane, isimo sasiphambene, ngoba izintokazi zaziwavimbezela futhi kwakunzima ukuncenga izivakashi ukuba zikhulume namadoda.

Omunye wemisebenzi eyayiwumthwalo omkhulu wombhangqwana wongqongqoshe kwakuwukuba khona ephathini yetiye eyayisemfashinini yangaleso sikhathi. Imihlangano ibiba phakathi kuka-17 no-19 ntambama futhi ibibizwa ngama-"queers" ngesiNgisi. AbakwaBheki abakwazanga ukubaziba, kwadingeka babonakale enkampanini.

Izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto, iSonto alivunyelwe, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngoMgqibelo, - wakhumbula u-Yadviga. - Izikhulu zezombusazwe kanye "nokuphuma" kweWarsaw kwakunamakhulu abantu. Amatiye ayenganikezwa kanye ngenyanga, kodwa-ke - ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwamabhuku okuyinkimbinkimbi - ngeke kwenzeke ukuwavakashela. Kufanele uzithole usekhanda lakho noma ekhalendeni: kuphi futhi endaweni kabani uLwesibili lwesibili ngemva kolweshumi nanhlanu, uLwesihlanu lokuqala ngemva kolwesikhombisa. Kunoma yikuphi, kuzoba nezinsuku ezimbalwa kanye "namatiye" amaningana nsuku zonke.

Yebo, ngekhalenda elimatasa, itiye lantambama laliwumsebenzi onzima. Ukumosha isikhathi, “akukho mnandi”, “ukuhlushwa” nje. Futhi ngokujwayelekile, ungahlobanisa kanjani nokuvakasha okudlulayo, ngokujaha njalo ukubamba isidlo santambama esilandelayo?

Ungena, uyawa, ukumamatheka lapha, igama lapho, ukuthinta okusuka enhliziyweni noma ukubuka nje okude kumasaluni aminyene futhi - ngenhlanhla - ngokuvamile asikho isikhathi nezandla zokuqabula ngetiye. Ngoba unezandla ezimbili kuphela. Ngokuvamile oyedwa uphatha ugwayi omunye akubingelele. Awukwazi ukubhema isikhashana. Uzibingelela njalo ngokuxhawula, eqala ukujuxuza: inkomishi yamanzi abilayo, isoso, ithisipuni, ipuleti elinezinto ezithile, imfoloko, ngokuvamile ingilazi. Isixuku, ukushisa nokuxoxa, noma kunalokho kuphonsa imisho emkhathini.

Kwakukhona futhi, mhlawumbe, kukhona inkambiso enhle yokungena egumbini lokuphumula ngejazi loboya noma ijazi. Mhlawumbe yasungulwa ukuze kube lula ukuphuma ngokushesha? Emakamelweni ashiswa abantu namafutha, izintokazi ezishaywayo ezinamakhala avuthayo zitshiyoza nje. Bekuphinde kube nombukiso wemfashini, ubukisisa kahle ukuthi ubani onesigqoko esisha, uboya, ijazi.

Kungakho izintokazi zangena emakamelweni ngoboya? Abanumzane bakhumula amajazi kusobala ukuthi abafuni ukukhombisa amajazi abo amasha. UJadwiga Beck, ngokuphambene nalokho, wafunda ukuthi abanye besifazane bayakwazi ukuza ngehora lesihlanu futhi babaphathe baze bafe. Abesifazane abaningi baseWarsaw babeyithanda le ndlela yokuphila.

Emihlanganweni yantambama, ngaphezu kwetiye (ngokuvamile ephathwa ngeramu), amabhisikidi namasemishi kwakuphakwa, futhi ezinye zezivakashi zazihlala ukudla kwasemini. Kwakunakwa kakhulu, ngokuvamile umhlangano wawushintsha ube ubusuku bomdanso. Kwaba isiko,” kukhumbula uJadwiga Beck, “ngemuva kwamaphathi ami angu-5 × 7, ngamisa abantu abambalwa kusihlwa. Kwesinye isikhathi abezizwe nabo. (…) Ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa safaka amarekhodi futhi sadansa kancane. Yayingekho i-lemonade yesidlo sakusihlwa futhi sonke sasijabule. UCaballero [umthunywa wase-Argentina - umbhalo waphansi we-S.K.] wafaka i-tango elengayo edangele futhi wamemezela ukuthi uzokhombisa - eyedwa - ukuthi badansa kanjani emazweni ahlukene. Samemeza sihleka. Kuze kube usuku engifa ngalo, ngeke ngikhohlwe ukuthi, ngemva kokumemeza "en Pologne", waqala i-tango nge "bang", iklabishi rolls, kodwa ngobuso obudabukisayo. Ukwanga kozakwethu ongekho kuyamenyezelwa. Ukube bekunjalo ngabe udansa ephuke umgogodla.

Inxusa lase-Argentina lalinokuhlekisa ngendlela engavamile, likude kakhulu nezwe elinzima lezokuxhumana. Lapho efika esiteshini sesitimela eWarsaw ezovalelisa eLaroche, uyena yedwa ongazange eze nezimbali. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, wanikeza i-diplomat evela eSeine ubhasikidi we-wicker wezimbali, okwakukhona inombolo enkulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, wanquma ukubamangaza abangane bakhe baseWarsaw. Emenyelwe uhlobo oluthile lomkhosi womndeni, wathengela izingane zabanikazi izipho futhi wangena endlini, enikeza izingubo zangaphandle zencekukazi.

U-Jadwiga Beck ubambe iqhaza emihlanganweni nemicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu yamanxusa. Futhi wayengumlingisi oyinhloko wama-anecdotes nama-gaffes, awachaza ngokwengxenye encwadini yakhe yokuphila. Umhleli wemibukiso yokuhunyushwa kwezincwadi zesiPolish ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe, lapho aklonyeliswa khona iSilver Academy of Literature yi-Academy of Literature.

[Wabe] efaka isigqoko sakhe se-cotillon, walengisa isigubhu, wafaka ipayipi emlonyeni wakhe. Njengoba esazi isimo sefulethi, wakhasa ngawo wone, egxumagxuma eshaya ihuni, wangena endlini yokudlela. Abantu basedolobheni bahlala etafuleni, futhi esikhundleni sokuhleka okulindelekile, izingxoxo zaqala futhi kwathuleka. I-Argentina enesibindi yandiza izungeza itafula ngawo womane, ihuba futhi ishaya izigubhu ngokuphikelela. Ekugcineni, wamangala ngokuthula okuqhubekayo nokunganyakazi kwalabo ababekhona. Wasukuma, wabona ubuso obuningi bethukile, kodwa okwabantu angabazi. Uvele wenza iphutha ngezitezi.

Uhambo, uhambo

U-Jadwiga Beck wayengumuntu odalelwe indlela yokuphila emele - ulwazi lwakhe lwezilimi, imikhuba kanye nokubukeka kwamenza wakwazi lokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayenezici ezifanele zobuntu, wayehlakaniphile futhi akazange agxambukele nganoma iyiphi indlela ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe. Inqubo yezobuzwe yayidinga ukuba ahlanganyele ekuvakasheleni umyeni wakhe kwamanye amazwe, okuyinto ayekade eyifuna. Futhi ngenxa yezizathu zabesifazane kuphela, akazange athande ukuzulazula enesizungu umyeni wakhe, njengoba izilingo ezihlukahlukene zilindelwe amanxusa.

Leli yizwe labesifazane abahle kakhulu, - u-Starzewski ochazwe ngesikhathi evakashele eRomania ngokusemthethweni, - enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Ngesikhathi sasekuseni noma isidlo sakusihlwa, abantu babehlala eduze nobuhle abanezinwele ezimnyama namehlo amnyama noma ama-blonde ablonde anamaphrofayili esiGreki. Isimo sasikhululekile, izintokazi zazikhuluma isiFulentshi esihle kakhulu, futhi akukho lutho lomuntu olwalungaziwa kuzo.

Nakuba uNkk. Kodwa-ke isithunzi sombuso (kanye nesomyeni wakhe) sasisengozini, futhi wayengangabazi ezimweni ezinjalo. Konke kufanele kuhleleke kahle futhi kusebenze ngokungenasici.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi isimo sasingabekezeleleki kuye. Phela wayengowesifazane, futhi engumuntu wesifazane omuhle kakhulu owayedinga indawo efanele. Futhi owesifazane oyinkimbinkimbi ngeke avele aphume embhedeni ekuseni futhi abheke ngqo engxenyeni yesine yehora!

Umngcele wase-Italy wadlula ebusuku - lena indlela ukuvakasha okusemthethweni kuka-Beck e-Italy ngo-March 1938. - Ekuseni - ngokwezwi nezwi - i-Mestre. Ngiyalala. Ngivuswa incekukazi ethukile ukuthi sekusele ihora lesine ngaphambi kwesitimela futhi "ungqongqoshe ucela ukuthi ungene endlini yokuphumula ngokushesha." Kwenzenjani? I-Podestà (Mayor) yaseVenice iyalwe ukuba ingilethele izimbali mathupha, kanye nethikithi lokwamukela lika-Mussolini. Ekuseni...bayahlanya! Kufanele ngigqoke, ngenze izinwele zami, ngizenzele, ngikhulume noPodesta, konke ngemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu! Anginaso isikhathi futhi angicabangi ngokuvuka. Ngiyayibuyisela incekukazi engiyidabukelayo

kodwa ngine-migraine ehlanyayo.

Kamuva, u-Beck waba nenzondo ngomkakhe - ngokusobala, waphelelwa yimicabango. Imuphi owesifazane, ophaphama kungazelelwe, ongazilungiselela ngesivinini esingaka? Futhi inkosikazi yenxusa elimele izwe lakubo? I-migraine yahlala, izaba ezinhle, futhi idiplomacy kwakuyisiko elihle lokulima lomhlaba wonke. Phela, i-migraines yayiyingxenye yesifundo endaweni enjalo.

Okunye okuhlekisayo kokuhlala eTiber kwakuyizinkinga zemishini yesimanje yaseVilla Madama, lapho kwakuhlala khona ithimba lasePoland. Amalungiselelo edili elisemthethweni ehhovisi lenxusa lasePoland ayengelula neze, futhi ungqongqoshe waphelelwa amandla kancane.

Ngikumema ukuthi uzogeza. U-Zosya wami ohlakaniphile uthi usenesikhathi eside efuna futhi akakwazi ukuthola ompompi endlini yangasese. Yiphi? Ngingena endaweni yaseShayina enoboya bebhere elikhulu elimhlophe phansi. Obhavu, akukho mkhondo futhi akufani nendlu yokugezela. Igumbi liphakamisa itafula letafula elipendiwe, kukhona ubhavu, akukho ompompi. Imidwebo, imifanekiso, izibani eziyinkimbinkimbi, izifuba ezingavamile, izifuba zigcwele amadragoni athukuthele, ngisho nasezibukweni, kodwa akukho ompompi. Kwenzenjani? Siyacinga, siyaphumputha, sihambisa yonke into. Ukugeza kanjani?

Inkonzo yendawo yachaza inkinga. Kwakukhona ama-cranes, kodwa, kodwa endaweni efihliwe, lapho kwakudingeka ufinyelele khona ngokucindezela izinkinobho ezithile ezingabonakali. Igumbi lokugezela lika-Beck alibange lisabangela izinkinga ezinjalo, nakuba lalibukeka lingeyona eyangempela. Lalimane lifane nengaphakathi lethuna elikhulu lasendulo, eline-sarcophagus kubhavu.

Njengongqongqoshe wezangaphandle, u-Józef Beck wahlala ethembekile enkolelweni kaMarshal Piłsudski yokuthi iPoland kufanele igcine ibhalansi ebudlelwaneni neMoscow neBerlin. Njengaye, wayephikisana nokubamba iqhaza kwe-WP ezivumelwaneni ezihlangene, okuyinto, ngokubona kwakhe, yanciphisa inkululeko yezombangazwe zasePoland.

Nokho, uhambo lwangempela kwaba ukuvakashela eMoscow ngo-February 1934. IPoland yafudumala ebuhlotsheni nomakhelwane wayo oyingozi; eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, isivumelwano sokungalwi sasePoland-Soviet sase siqalisiwe. Enye into ukuthi ukuvakasha okusemthethweni kwenhloko ye-diplomacy yethu e-Kremlin kwakuyinto entsha ngokuphelele ekuxhumaneni okuhlangene, futhi ku-Yadwiga kwakuwuhambo oluya endaweni engaziwa, ezweni elingaziwa ngokuphelele kuye.

Ohlangothini lwaseSoviet, eNegoreloye, sagibela isitimela esinegeji elibanzi. Izinqola ezindala zintofontofo kakhulu, zineziphethu esezisukile. Ngaphambi kwaleyo mpi, uSalonka wayengowesikhulu esithile. Ingaphakathi layo lalisesimweni esiqinile sesitayela sesimanjemanje esibi kakhulu. I-velvet yehla ngezindonga futhi yemboza ifenisha. Kuyo yonke indawo kunokhuni olubaziwe kanye nokuqoshwa kwensimbi, okulukwe ezingxenyeni ezixhugayo zamaqabunga enziwe isitayela, izimbali kanye nemivini. Kwakuyimihlobiso enjalo yonke into embi, kodwa imibhede yayikhululekile kakhulu, igcwele ama-duvets nezingubo zangaphansi eziphansi nezincane. Izindawo zokulala ezinkulu zinezitsha zokugezela zakudala. I-porcelain inhle njengokubukwa - inamaphethini, i-gilding, ama-monograms ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiqhele emikhulu entweni ngayinye. Izitsha ezihlukahlukene, izimbiza, izitsha zensipho, njll.

Inkonzo yesitimela yaseSoviet yayigcina imfihlo yombuso kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokungabi nangqondo. Kwenzeka nokuthi umpheki wenqaba ukunikeza uNkk. Beck iresiphi yamabhisikidi anikezwe netiye! Futhi kwakuyikhukhi eyenziwa ngugogo wakhe, imithetho yokubunjwa kanye neyokubhaka kade ikhohliwe.

Yiqiniso, phakathi nohambo, amalungu ethimba lasePoland awazange azame ukukhuluma ngezihloko ezibalulekile. Kucacele wonke amalungu alolu hambo ukuthi imoto ibigcwele izinto zokulalela. Nokho, kwakumangaza ukubona izicukuthwane ezimbalwa zamaBolshevik - zonke zazikhuluma isiFulentshi esiphelele.

Umhlangano esiteshini sesitimela eMoscow wawuthakazelisa, ikakhulukazi ukuziphatha kuka-Karol Radek, u-Becks ayekwazi ngokuvakasha kwakhe ePoland:

Sehla emotweni eshisa bhé, evinjezelwa isithwathwa ngokushesha, bese siqala ukubingelela. Izicukuthwane eziholwa yi-People's Commissar Litvinov. Amabhuzu amade, ama-furs, ama-papacho. Iqembu labesifazane laligqoke izigqoko ezilukiwe ezimibalabala, izikhafu namagilavu. Ngizizwa ngingowaseYurophu... nginesikhumba esifudumele, esinesikhumba esihle futhi esihle - kodwa isigqoko. Isikhafu naso asenziwe ngentambo, ngokuqinisekile. Ngakha ukubingelela kanye nenjabulo yokuhlanya yokufika kwami ​​ngesiFulentshi, futhi ngizama ukuyibamba ngekhanda ngesiRashiya. Kungazelelwe - njengokuzalwa kukadeveli - u-Radek uhleba kakhulu endlebeni yami:

- Ngikuqalele i-gawaritie ngesiFulentshi! Sonke singamaJuda asePoland!

UJozef Beck iminyaka eminingi efuna isivumelwano neLondon, esavumelana ngaso kuphela ngoMashi-April 1939, lapho kwaba sobala ukuthi iBerlin yayiqhubekela phambili ngokungenakuphikiswa empini. Ubumbano nePoland lwabalwa ngezinhloso zosopolitiki baseBrithani zokumisa uHitler. Okufanekiselwe: Ukuvakasha kuka-Beck eLondon, ngo-April 4, 1939.

Izinkumbulo zikaJadwiga ngeMoscow ngezinye izikhathi zazifana nendaba evamile yenkulumo-ze. Incazelo yakhe yokwesatshiswa okwakukhona cishe yayiyiqiniso, nakuba ayengase enezele lokhu kamuva, esewazi kakade umlando wokuhlanzwa kukaStalin. Kodwa-ke, ukwaziswa mayelana nezicukuthwane zaseSoviet ezibulawa indlala cishe kuyinkulumo-ze. Ngokusobala, izicukuthwane zaseSoviet kusihlwa emishini yasePoland zaziziphatha njengokungathi azizange zidle lutho ngesonto eledlule:

Lapho amatafula eshiywe ngokoqobo namathambo emapuletini, amakhekhe okugoqa kanye neqoqo lamabhodlela angenalutho, izivakashi ziyahlakazeka. Akukho ndawo lapho ama-buffets ethandwa njengaseMoscow, futhi akekho odinga ukumenywa ukuba adle. Ihlala ibalwa njengenani eliphindwe kathathu labamenyiwe, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akwanele. Abantu abalambile - ngisho nezicukuthwane.

Inhloso yenqubomgomo yakhe kwakuwukugcina ukuthula isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze iPoland ilungiselele impi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefuna ukwandisa ukuzithoba kwezwe ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe langaleso sikhathi. Wayelwazi kahle ushintsho esimweni somnotho emhlabeni esingavuni iPoland.

Abantu baseSoviet bangase bangabi nakho ukunambitheka okuhle, bangase babe nemikhuba emibi, kodwa izikhulu zabo azibulawa yindlala. Ngisho noJadwiga wayethanda isidlo sasekuseni esasinikezwa ojenene baseSoviet, lapho ayehlala khona eduze kukaVoroshilov, ayembheka njengekhomanisi lenyama negazi, i-idelist kanye nombono omuhle ngendlela yakhe. Ukwamukela kwakukude ne-protocol ye-diplomatic: kwakukhona umsindo, ukuhleka okukhulu, isimo sengqondo sasinobungane, singenandaba ... Futhi kwakungenzeka kanjani ngenye indlela, ngoba kusihlwa ku-opera, lapho izidumbu zediplomatic zazigqoke ngokuhambisana nezidingo. zokuziphatha, izicukuthwane zaseSoviet zafika ngamabhantshi, futhi iningi labo liphezulu?

Nokho, ukuphawula okuhloswe kahle kwakuwukulandisa kwakhe ngezigigaba zaseMoscow zomyeni wakhe oyinceku. Lendoda yayizulazula yodwa edolobheni, akekho owayenesithakazelo esikhethekile kuye, ngakho yajwayelana nempahla yendawo.

Wayekhuluma isiRashiya, wamvakashela futhi wafunda okuningi. Lapho ngibuya, ngamuzwa etshela inkonzo yethu ukuthi ukube wayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi ePoland, esikhundleni sokumbopha, wayezothumela wonke amakhomanisi asePoland eRussia. Bayobuya, emazwini akhe, belashwe unomphela kubukhomanisi. Futhi mhlawumbe wayeqinisile...

Inxusa lokugcina laseFrance ngaphambi kwempi eWarsaw, u-Léon Noël, akazange akweqe ukugxekwa kuka-Beck.

udumo - lapho ebhala ukuthi ungqongqoshe wayehlakaniphe kakhulu, ngobuchule nangokushesha wakwazi kahle imiqondo ahlangana nayo. Wayenenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, wayengadingi ngisho nokuncane inothi ukuze akhumbule ulwazi ayenikezwe lona noma umbhalo owethulwe ... [waye]nomcabango, ehlale eqaphile futhi ephapheme, enobuhlakani obusheshayo, enengqondo, ukuzithiba okukhulu, ngokujulile. watshala ukuhlakanipha, ukukuthanda; "State nerve", njengoba uRichelieu abiza kanjalo, nokungaguquguquki ezenzweni ... Wayengumlingani oyingozi.

Izibuyekezo

Izindaba ezehlukene ezisabalele ngoJadwiga Beck; Ubethathwa njengomuntu othungathayo, kuthiwa isikhundla nesikhundla somyeni wakhe kuphendule ikhanda. Izilinganiso zazihlukahluka kakhulu futhi, njengomthetho, kwakuncike endaweni yombhali. UNgqongqoshe wayengeke aphuthelwe ezincwadini ze-Ziminskaya, Krzhivitskaya, Pretender, futhi uvela ku-Nalkowska's Diaries.

U-Irena Krzhivitskaya wavuma ukuthi uJadwiga nomyeni wakhe bamnikeze izinkonzo ezibalulekile. Wayesukelwa umkhongi, mhlawumbe ongahluzekile ngokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kokushaya izingcingo ezinonya (ngokwesibonelo, e-Warsaw Zoo mayelana nomkhaya wakwaKrzywicki ozothathwa inkawu), waze wasabisa indodana ka-Irena. Futhi nakuba idatha yakhe yomuntu siqu yayaziwa kakhulu yi-Krzhivitskaya, amaphoyisa awazange aqaphele leli cala - wenqaba ngisho nokuthinta ucingo lwakhe. U-Krzywicka wabe esehlangana no-Beck nomkakhe etiyeni langoMgqibelo Lomfana.

Ngikhuluma ngakho konke lokhu nabafana, angizange ngidalule igama lami, kodwa ngikhale ngokuthi abafuni ukungilalela. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ingxoxo yathatha indlela ehlukile, ngoba nami ngangifuna ukubalekela leli phupho elibi. Ngakusasa, isikhulu esigqoke kahle seza kimi futhi, egameni lika “ngqongqoshe”, sanginika isixha sama roses nebhokisi elikhulu likashokoledi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho sangicela ngesizotha ukuba ngimbikele konke. Okokuqala, wabuza ukuthi ngiyafuna yini ukuhleleka ukuhamba noPetru kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngenqaba ngihleka.

Ngaphinda ngacela ukuthi kuzwakale, ngaphinde ngangaphendulwa. Iphoyisa alizange lingibuze ukuthi nganginazo yini izinsolo, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yengxoxo lashaya indesheni lahamba. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhwabanisa ngocingo kwaphela kanye.

U-Jadwiga Beck wayehlale ekhathalela umbono womyeni wakhe, futhi ukusiza intatheli edumile kwakungaletha inzuzo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zikahulumeni bezilokhu zizama ukulondoloza ubuhlobo obuhle nomphakathi wokusungula. Noma mhlawumbe u-Jadwiga, njengomama, waqonda isikhundla sika-Krzywicka?

U-Zofia Nałkowska (njengoba kumfanele) unake kakhulu ukubukeka kukaJadwiga. Ngemva kwephathi eSigodlweni saseRachinsky, waphawula ukuthi ungqongqoshe wayemncane, enobuhle futhi ekhuthele kakhulu, futhi u-Bekka wayembheka njengomsizi ofanelekayo. Lokhu kuwumbono othokozisayo, njengoba inhloko yezokuxhumana yasePoland ngokuvamile yayijabulela umbono omuhle kakhulu. Nakuba uNałkowska ayevame ukuya emaphathini etiye noma ezidlweni zakusihlwa e-Becks (ngokwesikhundla sakhe njengesekela-mongameli we-Polish Academy of Literature), akakwazanga ukufihla ukunengeka kwakhe lapho leso sikhungo sokuhlonipha siklomelisa ungqongqoshe nge-Silver Laurel. Ngokusemthethweni, u-Jadwiga uthole umklomelo ngomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wenhlangano emkhakheni wezinganekwane, kodwa izikhungo zobuciko zisekelwa uxhaso lukahulumeni, futhi izenzo ezinjalo ezibhekiswe kubabusi zilandelana.

Lapho kuhlolwa inqubomgomo ka-Beck ekwindla ka-1938, umuntu kufanele akhumbule lawo maqiniso: IJalimane, enezimangalo zendawo nezombusazwe ngokumelene nomakhelwane bayo, yayifuna ukuzibona ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu - okungukuthi, ngemvume yamandla amakhulu, iFrance. , eNgilandi nase-Italy. Lokhu kwafezwa ngokumelene neCzechoslovakia ngo-Okthoba 1938 eMunich.

Umfundisi wayevame ukubhekwa njengendoda engaphezu kwesixuku sabantu abafayo. Ukuziphatha kukaJadwiga eJurata, lapho yena nomyeni wakhe bechitha khona amasonto ambalwa ehlobo unyaka ngamunye, kwakha izinkulumo ezinonya. Ungqongqoshe wayevame ukubizwa eWarsaw, kodwa umkakhe wazisebenzisa ngokugcwele izindawo zokungcebeleka. UMagdalena uMzenzisi wayembona njalo (abakwaKosakov babene-dacha e-Jurata) lapho ehamba egqoke imvunulo yasebhishi enesiyezi ezungezwe igceke lakhe, okungukuthi, indodakazi yakhe, izinja eziqinile nezimbili zasendle. Ngokusobala, waze wenza iphathi yenja lapho amema khona abangani bakhe ngezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlotshiswe ngeminsalo emikhulu. Kwandlalwe indwangu yetafula emhlophe phansi kule villa, futhi izibiliboco ezithandwayo zama-mutts ahlanzekile zazifakwa ezitsheni phezu kwayo. Kwakukhona nobhanana, ushokoledi kanye nezinsuku.

NgoMeyi 5, 1939, uNgqongqoshe uJózef Beck wenza inkulumo edumile ku-Sejm ephendula ukuqedwa kwesivumelwano sokungachukuluzi saseJalimane-Polish sika-Adolf Hitler. Le nkulumo ishaye ihlombe isikhathi eside kumasekela. Umphakathi wasePoland nawo wawamukela ngesasasa.

Umzenzisi wabhala izikhumbuzo zakhe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-XNUMXs, ngesikhathi sikaStalin, kodwa ubuqiniso bazo abunakugwenywa. I-Becks kancane kancane yayilahlekelwa ukuthintana neqiniso; ukuba khona kwabo njalo emhlabeni wezokuxhumana akuzange kusebenze ukuzethemba kwabo kahle. Ukufunda amamemo ka-Jadwiga, kunzima ukungaqapheli isiphakamiso sokuthi bobabili bekuyizintandokazi ezinkulu zika-Piłsudski. Kulokhu wayengeyedwa; umfanekiso womkhuzi uboniswa kubantu besikhathi sakhe. Phela, ngisho noHenryk Jablonski, usihlalo woMkhandlu Wombuso ngesikhathi sePublic People's Republic, kumelwe ukuba wayehlale eziqhenya ngengxoxo yomuntu siqu noPiłsudski. Futhi, ngokusobala, njengomfundi osemusha, egijima emhubheni we-Military History Institute, wazithela phezu kwekhehla elamkhonkotha: qaphela, bastard! Kwakungu-Piłsudski, futhi leyo kwakuyingxoxo yonke...

Inhlekelele yaseRomania

UJozef Beck nonkosikazi wakhe basuka eWarsaw ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Abathuthwayo nohulumeni bathuthela empumalanga, kodwa akulona ulwazi oluthophayo olulondoloziwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwabo ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi.

Ngibheke efasiteleni, - wakhumbula u-Irena Krzhivitskaya, owayehlala eduze kwendlu yabo ngaleso sikhathi, - ngabona nezinto ezihlazisayo. Ekuqaleni, uchungechunge lwamaloli phambi kwendlu ka-Beck kanye namasosha aphethe amashidi, uhlobo oluthile lukakhaphethi namakhethini. Lamaloli ahamba, egcwele, angazi ukuthi kuphi futhi ngani, ngokusobala, ezinyathelweni zikaBecky.

Ingabe kwakuyiqiniso? Kuthiwa ungqongqoshe wakhipha inqwaba yegolide eWarsaw ethungelwa engutsheni yendiza. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangelwa isiphetho esengeziwe se-Beks futhi ikakhulukazi i-Jadwiga, kubonakala sengathi kuyangabazeka. Ngokuqinisekile akuzange kuthathe ingcebo efanayo noMarta Thomas-Zaleska, umlingani kaSmigly. U-Zaleska wayehlala ngokunethezeka e-Riviera iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, futhi wathengisa izinto eziyisikhumbuzo zikazwelonke (kuhlanganise ne-coronation saber ka-Augustus II). Enye into ukuthi uNksz Zaleska wabulawa ngo-1951 kanti uNksz Bekova washona eminyakeni engu-XNUMX, futhi noma yimuphi umthombo wezezimali unemingcele. Noma mhlawumbe, esiphithiphithini sempi, izinto ezibalulekile ezikhishwe eWarsaw zalahleka ndawana thize? Cishe ngeke siphinde sikuchaze lokhu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi indaba ka-Krzywicka iwumqando. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi abakwaBekov eRomania babesesimweni esibi kakhulu sezimali.

Enye into ukuthi uma impi yayingakaqali, ubuhlobo phakathi kukaJadwiga noMarta Thomas-Zaleska kungenzeka buthuthuke ngendlela ethakazelisayo. U-Śmigły kwakulindeleke ukuthi abe nguMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yasePoland ngo-1940, futhi u-Martha wayezoba iNkosazana Yokuqala YeRiphabhulikhi yasePoland.

Futhi wayengumuntu onzima, futhi uJadwiga wabiza ngokucacile indima yokuqala phakathi kwabafazi bezombangazwe basePoland. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwalaba besifazane kungaba yinto engenakugwemeka ...

Maphakathi no-September, iziphathimandla zasePoland zazithola ziseKuty emngceleni neRomania. Zavela lapho-ke izindaba zokuhlasela kweSoviet; impi yaphela, kwaqala inhlekelele engakaze ibonwe. Kwanqunywa ukulishiya izwe kuqhubeke umzabalazo ekudingisweni. Naphezu kwezivumelwano zangaphambili nohulumeni waseBucharest, iziphathimandla zaseRomania zavalela izicukuthwane zasePoland. Abalingani baseNtshonalanga abazange babhikishe - babekhululekile; nalapho, kwahlelwa ukubambisana nosopolitiki abavela ekamu elizonda inhlangano yeSanation.

U-Bolesław Wieniawa-Dlugoszowski akazange avunyelwe ukuba esikhundleni sikaMongameli Mościcki. Ekugcineni, u-Vladislav Rachkevich wathatha imisebenzi yenhloko yezwe - ngo-September 30, 1939, uGeneral Felician Slavoj-Skladkovsky wesula iKhabhinethi yongqongqoshe ababebuthene eStanich-Moldovana. U-Józef Beck waba umuntu ozimele.

UMnu noNkk. Beckov (nendodakazi uJadwiga) bavalelwe eBrasov; lapho owayengungqongqoshe wavunyelwa ukuba avakashele (egadile) udokotela wamazinyo eBucharest. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo badluliselwa eDobroseti eLake Sangov eduze kwaseBucharest. Ekuqaleni, lowo owayengungqongqoshe wayengavunyelwe ngisho nokuphuma endlini encane ababehlala kuyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokungenelela okunzima, babenikezwa imvume yokugibela isikebhe (besigadile, kunjalo). UJozef wayaziwa ngokuthanda imidlalo yasemanzini futhi wayenechibi elikhulu ngaphansi kwefasitela lakhe...

Ngo-May 1940, emhlanganweni kahulumeni wasePoland owawuse-Angers, u-Władysław Sikorski wasikisela ukuba kuvunyelwe amalungu athile ekhabhinethi yokugcina ye-Second Polish Republic ukuba angene eFrance. USolwazi Kot uphakamise ukuthi uSkladkowski noKwiatkowski (umsunguli weGdynia neCentral Industrial Region), kwathi u-August Zaleski (owaphinde wathatha isikhundla sokuba uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle) waqoka owamanduleli wakhe. Wachaza ukuthi iRomania yayingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yaseJalimane nokuthi amaNazi angase abulale u-Beck. Umbhikisho uvezwe nguJan Stanczyk; ekugcineni kwamiswa ikomiti eliyisipesheli elizobhekana nalesi sihloko. Nokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, iJalimane yahlasela iFrance futhi ngokushesha leli zwe elihlangene lawela ngaphansi kokushaywa amaNazi. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kweziphathimandla zasePoland eLondon, isihloko asizange sibuye.

Ngo-Okthoba, uJozef Beck wazama ukweqa esitokisini - ngokusobala, wayefuna ukuya eTurkey. Ubanjwe, wachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa ejele elingcolile, elunywe izinambuzane. Iziphathimandla zaseRomania kubikwa ukuthi zaziswe ngezinhlelo zika-Beck nguhulumeni waseSikorski, zitshelwe umfuduki othembekile wasePoland...

U-Bekov wathuthela endaweni yokuhlala esendaweni yaseBucharest; lapho owayengungqongqoshe wayenelungelo lokuhamba ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yiphoyisa. Isikhathi samahhala, futhi wayenokuningi, wazinikela ekubhaleni izikhumbuzo, ukwakha amamodeli emikhumbi yamapulangwe, ukufunda okuningi nokudlala ibhuloho alithandayo. Impilo yakhe yayiwohloka ngendlela ehlelekile - ehlobo lika-1942 kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba emphinjeni. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezindiza ezihlangene eBucharest, iBekov yadluliselwa eStanesti. Bahlala esikoleni esingenalutho samagumbi amabili esakhiwe ngobumba (!). Lapho, ungqongqoshe wangaphambili washonela ngoJuni 5, 1944.

U-Jadwiga Beck wadlula umyeni wakhe cishe iminyaka engama-30. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe, owangcwatshwa ngokuhlonishwa kwezempi (uNkk. ibutho eCairo. Ngemva kokuba ama-Allies engene e-Italy, wathuthela eRoma, esebenzisa ukungenisa izihambi kwabangane bakhe base-Italy. Ngemva kwempi wahlala eRoma naseBrussels; iminyaka emithathu wayengumphathi kamagazini eBelgian Congo. Ngemva kokufika eLondon, njengabaningi abafudukayo basePoland, waziphilisa ngomsebenzi wokuhlanza. Nokho, akazange akhohlwe ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayeyilungu lekhabhinethi yokugcina yasePoland ekhululekile, futhi wayehlale elwela amalungelo akhe. Futhi ngokuvamile waphuma kuwo njengomnqobi.

Uchithe izinyanga zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe edolobhaneni laseStanesti-Cirulesti, elingekude nenhloko-dolobha yaseRomania. Ephethwe isifo sofuba, wafa ngo-June 5, 1944 futhi wangcwatshwa ophikweni lwezempi lwamathuna obu-Orthodox eBucharest. Ngo-1991, umlotha wakhe wadluliselwa ePoland futhi wangcwatshwa emathuneni asePowazki Military eWarsaw.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, kwadingeka ayeke umsebenzi futhi ahlale nendodakazi yakhe nomkhwenyana. Ulungiselele ukushicilelwa kwedayari yomyeni wakhe ("Umbiko Wokugcina") futhi wabhalela umfuduki othi "Literary Literature". Wabhala nezakhe izinto azikhumbula ngesikhathi eshada noNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle ("Lapho Ngisengumhlonishwa"). Washona ngoJanuwari 1974 futhi wangcwatshwa eLondon.

Okwakuyisici sika-Jadwiga Betskovoy, indodakazi yakhe nomkhwenyana wakhe babhala esanduleleni sedayari yabo, kwakuyinkani emangalisayo nesibindi somphakathi. Wenqaba ukusebenzisa amaphepha okuhamba esikhathi esisodwa futhi, engenelela ngokuqondile ezindabeni zongqongqoshe bezangaphandle, waqinisekisa ukuthi amahhovisi enxusa laseBelgium, France, Italy kanye ne-United Kingdom anamathisele ama-visa akhe kwipasipoti endala yezobunxusa yaseRepublic of Poland.

Kuze kube sekupheleni, uNkz.