Ithangi elikhanyayo i-M5 Stewart ingxenye 2
I-US Army light tank edume kakhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kwakuyi-M5A1 Stuart. Ema-TDW ase-Europe, alahleka kakhulu ngenxa yomlilo wezikhali (45%) kanye nezimayini (25%) kanye nokudubula eziqhumeni zamabhomu ezilwa namathangi ezibanjwa ngesandla. U-15% kuphela ocekelwe phansi ngamathangi.
Ekwindla ka-1942, kwase kuvele kusobala ukuthi amathangi alula ahlome ngezibhamu ezingama-37-mm nezikhali ezilinganiselwe ayengafaneleki ekusebenzeni kwamathangi okwakubalulekile enkundleni yempi - ukusekela izinsana lapho egqekeza izivikelo noma ehamba njengengxenye yeqembu lesitha. , ngoba. kanye nokusekela imisebenzi yabo yokuzivikela noma ukuhlasela. Kodwa yonke le yimisebenzi eyayisetshenziselwa amathangi? Lutho neze.
Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wamathangi kwakuwukusekela amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo ekuvikeleni imigudu yokuxhumana ngemuva kwamasosha athuthukayo. Cabanga ukuthi ungumphathi weqembu lezempi eliholwa ibutho elihlomile elinezinkampani ezintathu ze-Shermans, ephelezelwa amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo ezithwala izikhali ze-Half-Track. Ibutho lezempi elinezibhamu ezizishayayo ze-M7 Priest liya phambili ngemuva. Ekugxumeni, njengoba kunebhethri elilodwa noma amabili ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo, alungele ukuvula inhlamvu ekubizeni amasosha ngaphambili, futhi lonke iqembu lamasosha lisondela kuyunithi yezikhali ukuze lithathe indawo yokudubula, ibhethri lokugcina ingemuva ingena endaweni yokumasha futhi iye phambili. Ngemuva kwakho kunomgwaqo onempambanomgwaqo eyodwa noma ezimbili ezibalulekile.
I-prototype yasekuqaleni ye-M3E2, enomkhumbi wethangi le-M3 oxhaswe yizinjini ezimbili zezimoto zeCadillac. Lokhu kukhulula umthamo wokukhiqiza wezinjini ze-Continental radial, ezidingeka kakhulu ekuqeqesheni izindiza.
Ngamunye wabo, ushiye inkampani yamasosha ahamba ngezimoto ukuze ingavumeli isitha siyinqamule, ngoba amathangi kaphethiloli namaloli akwaGeneral Motors "nakho konke okudingayo" ahamba nalo mzila. Futhi enye indlela? Yilapho ama-platoons ethangi elikhanyayo athunyelwa esuka ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo aya ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kuyisixazululo esifanele. Uma kunjalo, bazothola futhi bacekele phansi iqembu lesitha elinqamule izinkundla noma ihlathi ngezinyawo ukuze liqamekele ezokuthutha. Ingabe udinga ama-Shermans amaphakathi kulokhu? Ngeke neze ingene i-M5 Stuart. Amandla ezitha angathi sína angavela kuphela emigwaqweni. Yiqiniso, amathangi angahamba emasimini, kodwa hhayi ibanga elikhulu, ngoba uma ekhubeka emgodleni wamanzi noma ihlathi eliminyene, kuzodingeka alijikeleze ngandlela-thile ... Futhi umgwaqo umgwaqo, ungashayela. ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kodwa lokhu akuwona kuphela umsebenzi. Uhola ibutho lamathangi aphakathi nendawo elinamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Nansi indlela eya eceleni. Kuzodingeka uhlole ukuthi yini ekhona, okungenani i-5-10 km ukusuka ohlangothini oluyinhloko lokuhlasela. Vumela i-Shermans ne-Half-Trucks iqhubeke, futhi iqoqo lamasathelayithi ka-Stewart athunyelwe eceleni. Uma kuvela ukuthi sebehambe amakhilomitha ayishumi, futhi akukho okuthakazelisayo lapho, mababuye futhi bahlanganyele amabutho amakhulu. Njalo njalo…
Ziyoba ziningi izabelo ezinjalo. Isibonelo, simisa ebusuku, i-brigade command post isetshenziswa endaweni ethile ngemuva kwamasosha, futhi ukuyivikela, sidinga ukwengeza inkampani yamathangi akhanyayo avela ku-armored battalion yeqembu le-brigade combat. Ngoba amathangi aphakathi ayadingeka ukuqinisa ukuzivikela kwesikhashana ekujikeni okufinyelelwe. Kanjalo njalonjalo… Kunemishini eminingi yokuhlola, ehlanganisa iphiko, imizila yokuhlinzeka ngokugada, amathimba onogada kanye nekomkhulu, okungadingeki kukho amathange “amakhulu”, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwemoto yezikhali lungaba usizo.
Konke ukunyakaza okuzonciphisa isidingo sikaphethiloli namagobolondo esindayo (izinhlamvu ze-M5 Stuart zazilula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngesisindo - kwakulula ukuziyisa emgqeni wangaphambili) kwakukuhle. Umkhuba othakazelisayo wawuvela kuwo wonke amazwe adala amabutho ezikhali phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ekuqaleni, wonke umuntu wenza izigaba ezigcwele amathangi, futhi wonke umuntu wanciphisa inani labo. AmaJalimane anciphisa inani lamayunithi ezigabeni zawo ze-panzer kusuka ku-brigade ye-regiment ezimbili kuya kubutho elilodwa elinamabutho amabili. AbaseBrithani babuye babashiya neqembu elilodwa lezikhali esikhundleni samabili, futhi amaRussia ahlakaza amabutho awo amakhulu ezikhali kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi futhi esikhundleni salokho akha ama-brigades, aqala ukuqoqwa ngokucophelela abe yizidumbu, kodwa amancane kakhulu, angabe esaba nokuningi. amathangi ayinkulungwane, kodwa enenombolo okungenani encane ngokuphindwe kathathu.
AmaMelika enza okufanayo. Ekuqaleni, izigaba zabo ze-panzer, ne-panzer regiments, ama-battalion ayisithupha kuzo zonke, zathunyelwa phambili eNyakatho Afrika. Khona-ke, esigabeni ngasinye esilandelayo sethangi futhi eziningi ezakhiwe ngaphambili, kwasala izimpi zamathangi ezintathu kuphela ezihlukene, izinga le-regimental laqedwa. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, amabutho ahlomile nenhlangano ezine-inkampani ye-Contact unit (ingabalwa inkampani umyalo amayunithi ukwesekwa) ahlala ekubunjweni kweqembu American armored. Amathathu kulawa mabhuthi abe namathangi aphakathi nendawo, kwathi elesine lasala namathangi alula. Ngale ndlela, inani elidingekayo lezimpahla okwakudingeka zilethwe kulelo butho lancishiswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yonke imisebenzi engenzeka yanikezwa izindlela zokulwa.
Ngemuva kwempi, isigaba samathangi okukhanya sanyamalala kamuva. Kungani? Ngoba imisebenzi yabo yathathwa yizimoto ezishintshashintshayo ezakhiwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi - BMPs. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi amandla abo okuqhumisa umlilo kanye nokuvikela izikhali kwakuqhathaniswa namathangi alula, futhi babephethe ithimba lamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Yibo, ngaphezu kwenhloso yabo eyinhloko - ukuthutha izinsana nokuhlinzeka ngokusekela enkundleni yempi - futhi bathatha imisebenzi eyayenziwa ngaphambili ngamathangi alula. Kodwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, amathangi ukukhanya kwakusasetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amabutho omhlaba, ngoba British kwadingeka Stuarts American kusukela Lend-Lease Izimpahla, futhi izimoto T-70 zasetshenziswa e-USSR kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Ngemva kwempi, umndeni wamathangi okukhanya we-M41 Walker Bulldog wadalwa e-USA, umndeni we-PT-76 e-USSR, nase-USSR, okungukuthi, ithangi elikhanyayo, isithwali sabasebenzi abahlomile, umbhubhisi ithangi, i-ambulensi, imoto yomyalo kanye nemoto yosizo lobuchwepheshe, futhi yilokho nje umndeni ku-chassis eyodwa.
