Okuqukethwe I-Howitzer ezishayelayo "Vespe" I-Vespe. Ukuqhubeka Ukufakwa kwezikhali ezizihambelayo ezilula "Wespe" “I-Light Field Howitzer” 18/2 ku-“Chassis Panzerkampfwagen” II (Sf) (Sd.Kfz.124) Ezinye izibizo: “Wespe” (wasp), Gerät 803. I-Howitzer ezizihambelayo yadalwa ngesisekelo sethangi elikhanyayo le-T-II eliphelelwe yisikhathi futhi lalihloselwe ukukhulisa ukuhamba kwamayunithi wezikhali zezempi zamabutho ahlomile. Ngesikhathi sokwakha i-howitzer ezishayelayo, i-chassis yesisekelo yahlelwa kabusha: injini yayiswa phambili, i-wheelhouse ephansi yabekwa umshayeli phambi kwesikebhe. Ubude bomzimba bunyusiwe. Kwafakwa umbhoshongo obanzi ohlotshiswe ngezikhali ngenhla kwezingxenye ezimaphakathi nezingemuva ze-chassis, lapho ingxenye ejikijelwayo ye-Howitzer yasensimini engu-105 mm "18" eshintshiwe yafakwa emshinini. Isisindo se-projectile yokuhlukaniswa okuqhume kakhulu yale howitzer sasingu-14,8 kg, uhla lokudubula lwaluyi-12,3 km. I-Howitzer efakwe ku-wheelhouse yayine-engeli yokukhomba evundlile engu-34 degrees, kanye neyodwa engu-42 degrees. Ukubhuka i-Howitzer ezizihambelayo kwakulula kakhulu: ebunzini lesikebhe lalingu-30 mm, uhlangothi lwaluyi-15 mm, umbhoshongo we-conning wawungu-15-20 mm. Ngokuvamile, naphezu kokuphakama okuphakeme, i-SPG yayiyisibonelo sokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-chassis yamathangi aphelelwe yisikhathi. Yakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-1943 nango-1944, kwakhiqizwa imishini engaphezu kuka-700 isiyonke. Izingxenye zezikhali zaseJalimane ezizishayelayo zithole imishini yezinhlobo eziningana. Isisekelo sepaki kwakuyizibhamu ezizishayayo ze-Wespe ezihlome nge-howitzer ekhanyayo engu-105 mm, kanye nezibhamu ezizishayayo ze-Hummel ezihlome nge-Howitzer enzima engu-150 mm. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, ibutho laseJalimane lalingenazo izikhali ezizishayelayo. Izimpi ePoland futhi ikakhulukazi eFrance wabonisa ukuthi wezikhali akakwazanga ukuhambisana ithangi mobile kanye amayunithi motorized. Ukusekelwa kwezikhali eziqondile zamayunithi amathangi kwabelwa amabhethri ezikhali zokuhlasela, kodwa amayunithi ezikhali ezizishayelayo kwakudingeka akhiwe ukuze kusekelwe izikhali ezivela ezindaweni ezivaliwe. Ingxenye ngayinye yethangi yemodeli yango-1939 yayinebutho lezikhali ezilula ezinenjini, elihlanganisa ama-howitzers angama-24 enkambu ekhanyayo engu-10,5 cm leFH 18/36 osayizi 105 mm, edonsa ngogandaganda abane-half track. Ngo-May-June 1940, ezinye izingxenye zamathangi zazinezigaba ezimbili ze-Howitzers ezingu-105 mm kanye nengxenye eyodwa yezibhamu ezingu-100 mm. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye eziningi zamathangi amadala (okuhlanganisa isigaba sesi-3 nesesine) zazinezigaba ezimbili kuphela zama-Howitzers angu-4 mm ekwakhiweni kwazo. Phakathi nomkhankaso waseFrance, ezinye izingxenye zamathangi zaqiniswa nezinkampani zama-howitzers ahamba ngezinyawo angu-105 mm ezizishayelayo. . Nokho, lesi bekuyisixazululo sesikhashana nje senkinga ekhona. Ngomfutho ovuselelwe, indaba yokusekelwa kwezikhali zokuhlukaniswa kwamathangi yavela ehlobo lika-150, ngemva kokuba iJalimane ihlasele iSoviet Union. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaJalimane ayenenani elikhulu lamathangi aseFrance nawaseBrithani athunjwa ngo-1941. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuguqula iningi lezimoto ezithunjiwe zibe izibhamu ezizishayelayo ezihlome ngezibhamu ezilwa namathangi nama-howitzers amakhulu. Izimoto zokuqala, ezifana ne-1940 cm leFH 10,5 Fgst auf “Geschuetzwagen” Mk.VI(e), zaziyimiklamo ethuthukisiwe kakhulu. Kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-1942, imboni yaseJalimane yaqala ukukhiqiza izibhamu zayo ezizimele, ezakhiwe ngesisekelo se-PzKpfw II Sd.Kfz.121 ithangi elikhanyayo, eliphelelwe yisikhathi ngaleso sikhathi. Ukukhishwa kwezibhamu ezizishayelayo ezingu-10,5 cm leFH 18/40 Fgst auf “Geschuetzwagen” PzKpfw II Sd.Kfz.124 “Wespe” kwakuhlelwe “i-Fuehrers Befehl”. Ekuqaleni kuka-1942, i-Fuhrer yayala ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwesibhamu esizimele esisekelwe ethangini le-PzKpfw II. I-prototype yenziwa ezimbonini ze-Alkett eBerlin-Borsigwalde. I-prototype yathola igama elithi "Geraet 803". Uma kuqhathaniswa nethangi le-PzKpfw II, isibhamu esizishayelayo sasinomklamo oklanywe kabusha ngokuphawulekayo. Okokuqala nje, injini yasuswa ngemuva kwesikebhe yayiswa phakathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvuleke indawo yenkundla enkulu yokulwa, eyayidingeka ukuze ifake i-Howitzer engu-105-mm, ukubala kanye nezinhlamvu. Isihlalo somshayeli sahanjiswa phambili kancane sabekwa ngakwesokunxele somkhumbi. Lokhu kwakungenxa yesidingo sokubeka ukudluliselwa. Ukucushwa kwezikhali zangaphambili nakho kwashintshwa. Isihlalo somshayeli sasizungezwe izindonga eziqondile, kanti ezinye izembatho zempi zazitholakala ngokugobile nge-angle ebukhali. Isibhamu esizishayelayo sasinomklamo ongavamile we-turretless onendlu yamasondo evulekile engaguquki etholakala ngemuva. Izinto zokungenisa umoya zegumbi lamandla zazibekwe eduze kwezinhlangothi zesikebhe. I-borg ngayinye yayinezindawo ezimbili zokungenisa umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-undercarriage yemoto yaklanywa kabusha. Imithombo yathola izitobhi zokuhamba zenjoloba, futhi inani lamasondo asekelayo lancishiswa lisuka kwamane laya kwamathathu. Ukuze kwakhiwe izibhamu ezizishayelayo "Wespe" wasebenzisa chassis ithangi PzKpfw II Sd.Kfz.121 Ausf.F. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo "Wespe" zakhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili: ezijwayelekile futhi zandisiwe. Incazelo yobuchwepheshe yesibhamu esizishayelayo se-Vespe Isibhamu esizishayelayo, izisebenzi - abantu abane: umshayeli, umkhuzi, umdubuli kanye nomlayishi. Ezezindlu. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo "Wespe" zakhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-chassis yethangi PzKpfw II Sd.Kfz.121 Ausf.F. Ngaphambili, kwesokunxele bekunesihlalo somshayeli esihlome ngezinsimbi ezigcwele. Ideshibhodi yayinamathiselwe ophahleni. Ukufinyelela esihlalweni somshayeli kuvulwe nge-hatch ephindwe kabili. Ukubuka okuvela esihlalweni somshayeli kunikezwe idivayisi yokubuka i-Fahrersichtblock ebekwe odongeni olungaphambili lweposi lokulawula. Kusukela ngaphakathi, idivayisi yokubuka yayivalwe ngokufaka ingilazi engangenwa izinhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekunezikhala zokubuka kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Iphrofayili yensimbi ibibekwe phansi kwepuleti elingaphambili, iqinisa izikhali kule ndawo. Ipuleti lezivikelo langaphambili belihentshiwe, okuvumela umshayeli ukuthi aliphakamise ukuze athuthukise ukubonakala. Ngakwesokudla kwendawo yokulawula bekukhona injini no-gearbox. Iphini lokulawula lalihlukaniswe nenjini ngodonga lomlilo, futhi kwakukhona i-hatch ngemuva kwesihlalo somshayeli. Ngaphezulu nangemuva kwenjini kwakukhona indawo yokulwa. Isikhali esikhulu semoto: i-howitzer engu-10,5 cm leFH 18. Igumbi lokulwa lalingenalo uphahla, futhi lalimbozwe ngamapuleti ezikhali ngaphambili nasemaceleni. Izinhlamvu zafakwa ezinhlangothini. Amagobolondo ayebekwe ngakwesokunxele kuma-rack amabili, namagobolondo kwesokudla. Umsakazo wawunanyathiselwe ohlangothini lwesobunxele ohlakeni olukhethekile lwerack, olwalunezinqamuleli zenjoloba ezikhethekile ezazivikela iziteshi zomsakazo ekudlidlizeni. I-antenna yayinamathiselwe ohlangothini lwembobo. Ngaphansi kokukhwezwa kwe-antenna kwakukhona isiqeshana sesibhamu esingaphansi kwe-MP-38 noma i-MP-40. Isiqeshana esifanayo sibekwe ohlangothini lwe-starboard. Isicishamlilo sasinamathiselwe ebhodini eduze kwesibhamu somshini ongaphansi. Phansi kwesokunxele bekunamathange amabili kaphethiloli, avaliwe ngamapulaki. I-Howitzer yayixhunywe enqoleni, yona, eyayixhunywe ngokuqinile phansi kwendawo yokulwa. Ngaphansi kwe-howitzer kwakukhona ukungena komoya okwengeziwe kwegumbi lamandla, elimbozwe nge-grill yensimbi. I-flywheel yokuqondisa okuqondile ibekwe kwesokudla se-breech, futhi i-flywheel yokuqondisa okuvundlile yayibekwe kwesokunxele. Ingxenye engaphezulu yodonga olungemuva yayinamahenjisi futhi ingagoqwa, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela endaweni yokulwa, isibonelo, lapho kulayishwa izinhlamvu. Imishini eyengeziwe yafakwa emaphikweni. Kwesokunxele kwakunefosholo, kwesokudla kunebhokisi lezingxenye eziyisipele nepompo likaphethiloli. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo ze-Wespe zakhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: nge-PzKpfw II Sd.Kfz.121 i-Ausf.F tank chassis ejwayelekile kanye ne-chassis enwetshiwe. Imishini ene-chassis ende ingabonakala kalula ngegebe eliphakathi kwerola yethrekhi engemuva ne-idler. I-Power Point. Isibhamu esizishayelelayo se-Wespe sinikwa amandla yinjini epholile engu-62 kW / 104 hp eyi-Maybach 140TRM six-cylinder in-line carbureted four-stroke overhead valve liquid-cooled. Stroke 130 mm, piston ububanzi 105 mm. Umthamo wokusebenza wenjini ngu-6234 cm3, isilinganiso sokucindezela singu-6,5,2600 rpm. Injini yaqalwa kusetshenziswa isiqalisi seBosch GTLN 600/12-1500. Uphethiloli oholayo - OZ 74 onesilinganiso se-octane esingu-74. Uphethiloli wawusemathangeni amabili kaphethiloli anomthamo wamalitha angama-200. I-Carburetor "Solex" 40 JFF II, iphampu ye-fuel mechanical "Pallas" Nr 62601. I-Clutch eyomile, i-double disc "Fichtel & Sachs" K 230K. Injini epholile ewuketshezi. Izindawo zokungenisa umoya zazitholakala ezinhlangothini zesikebhe. Umoya owengeziwe wawutholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulwa ngaphansi kompheme we-Howitzer. Ipayipi le-exhaust lakhishelwa ohlangothini lwenkanyezi. I-muffler yayinamathiselwe ngemuva kohlangothi lwe-starboard. I-Gearbox mechanical enamagiya ayisikhombisa anohlobo lwesinciphisi i-ZF “Aphon” SSG 46. Amadrayivu okugcina ahambisanayo, amabhuleki ama-disc “MAN”, uhlobo lomshini lwe-hand brake. I-torque ibidluliswa isuka enjinini iye ku-gearbox kusetshenziswa i-drive shaft egudla i-starboard side. I-Chassis. I-chassis kanye nenqola yangaphansi yayihlanganisa amathrekhi, amasondo okushayela, ama-idlers, amasondo omgwaqo amahlanu 550x100x55-mm kanye namasondo amathathu asekelayo angu-200x105-mm. Amarola ethrekhi ayenamasondo enjoloba. Irola ngalinye lalimiswe ngokuzimela ku-elliptical half-spring. Amacimbi - isixhumanisi esihlukene, esinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Isibungu ngasinye sasinamathrekhi angu-108, ububanzi besibungu babungu-500 mm. Impahla kagesi. Inethiwekhi kagesi iyi-single-core, i-voltage engu-12V enamafuse. I-generator yomthombo wamandla "Bosch" BNG 2,5 / AL / ZMA nebhethri "Bosch" ene-voltage ye-12V kanye nomthamo we-120 A / h. Abathengi bakagesi bekuyi-starter, isiteshi somsakazo, i-ignition system, amalambu amabili (75W), i-Notek spotlight, amalambu edeshibhodi kanye nophondo. Izikhali. Izikhali eziyinhloko zezibhamu ezizishayelelayo ze-Wespe ziyi-Howitzer engu-10,5 cm leFH 18 L/28 105 mm efakwe ibhuleki le-SP18 lomlomo elikhethekile. Isisindo se-projectile eqhuma kakhulu yi-14,81 kg; Ibanga lamamitha ayi-6. Umkhakha womlilo 1,022 ° kuzo zombili izinkomba, i-engeli yokuphakama + 470 ... + 10600 °. izinhlamvu 20 shot. I-Howitzer engu-2 cm leFH 48 yaklanywa i-Rheinmetall-Borsing (Düsseldorf). Kwezinye izimo, izibhamu ezizishayelayo zazifakwe i-Howitzer engu-105 mm 10,5 cm leFH 16, eyakhiwe nguKrupp. Le howitzer yasuswa enkonzweni ngamayunithi ezikhali zasensimini phakathi nempi. I-Howitzer endala yayifakwe ezibhamuni ezizishayelayo ezingu-10,5 cm leFH 16 auf “Geschuetzenwagen” Mk VI (e), 10,5 cm leFH 16 auf “Geschuetzwagen” FCM 36 (f), kanye nezibhamu ezimbalwa ezizishayelayo ezisekelwe emathangeni. "Hotchkiss" 38N. Ubude bomgqomo 22 caliber - 2310 mm, ububanzi 7600 amamitha. I-Howitzers ingafakwa ibhuleki le-muzzle noma cha. Isisindo se-Howitzer sasingaba ngu-1200 kg. Izinhlamvu eziqhuma kakhulu nezihlukanayo zasetshenziselwa i-Howitzer. Izikhali ezengeziwe kwakuyisibhamu somshini esingu-7,92-mm "Rheinmetall-Borsing" MG-34, esithuthwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulwa. Isibhamu somshini sasetshenziswa ukuze sidubule kuzo zombili izindawo okuhloswe ngazo emhlabathini nasemoyeni. Izikhali zomuntu siqu zabasebenzi zazihlanganisa izibhamu ezimbili ze-MP-38 kanye ne-MP-40, ezazigcinwe ezinhlangothini zegumbi lokulwa. Izinhlamvu zezibhamu ezingaphansi kwemishini engu-192. Izikhali ezengeziwe bekuyizibhamu namavolovolo. Emuva - Phambili >>