amakhompyutha laser
Imvamisa yewashi ye-1 GHz kumaphrosesa wukusebenza kwebhiliyoni ngomzuzwana. Okuningi, kodwa amamodeli angcono kakhulu okwamanje atholakala kumthengi ojwayelekile asevele ezuza izikhathi eziningana ngaphezulu. Kuthiwani uma isheshisa... izikhathi eziyizigidi ngaphezulu?
Yilokhu okuthenjiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha bekhompiyutha, kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwelaser ukushintsha phakathi kwesifunda esithi "1" kanye "no-0". Lokhu kulandela ukubala okulula izikhathi ezine-quadrillion ngomzuzwana.
Ezivivinyweni ezenziwa ngo-2018 futhi ezichazwe kujenali Imvelo, abacwaningi badubula imishayo ye-laser ye-infrared exutshwe nohlu lwezinyosi lwe-tungsten ne-selenium (1). Lokhu kubangele ukushintsha kweziro kanye nesimo esisodwa ku-silicon chip ehlanganisiwe, njengakuphrosesa evamile yekhompyutha, ngokushesha nje izikhathi eziyisigidi.
Kwenzeke kanjani? Ososayensi bayichaza ngokucacile, bebonisa ukuthi ama-electron e-honeycombs ensimbi aziphatha "ngokumangalisayo" (nakuba kungenjalo). Ngijabulile, lezi zinhlayiya zigxuma phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukene ze-quantum, eziqanjwe abahloli "ukuphotha mbumbulu ».
Abacwaningi baqhathanisa lokhu nama-treadmill akhelwe eduze kwama-molecule. Babiza lawa mathrekhi ngokuthi "izigodi" futhi bachaze ukukhohliswa kwalezi zifunda zokuphotha ngokuthi "i-dolinatronica » (S).
Ama-electron ajatshuliswa ama-laser pulses. Ngokuya nge-polarity ye-infrared pulses, "bahlala" "kwezigodi" ezimbili ezingaba khona ezizungeze ama-athomu e-lattice yensimbi. Lezi zifundazwe ezimbili ziphakamisa ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kwalesi simo ku-zero-one computer logic.
Ukweqa kwama-electron kuyashesha kakhulu, emijikelezweni ye-femtosecond. Futhi nansi imfihlo yejubane elimangalisayo lamasistimu aqondiswa nge-laser.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baphikisa ngokuthi ngenxa yethonya lenyama, lezi zinhlelo zisezifundeni zombili ngasikhathi sinye (isikhundla esiphezulu), okudala amathuba okuthi Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngo izinga lokushisa legumbikuyilapho amakhompyutha amaningi e-quantum akhona adinga amasistimu we-qubits ukuthi apholiswe kumazinga okushisa asondele ku-zero ngokuphelele.
"Esikhathini eside, sibona ithuba langempela lokudala amadivaysi e-quantum enza imisebenzi ngokushesha kune-oscillation eyodwa ye-wave wave," kusho umcwaningi esitatimendeni. URupert Huber, uprofesa wesayensi yemvelo e-University of Regensburg, eJalimane.
Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abakenzi noma yimiphi imisebenzi ye-quantum yangempela ngale ndlela, ngakho-ke umqondo wekhompiyutha ye-quantum esebenza ekamelweni lokushisa uhlala uphelele nje. Okufanayo kusebenza emandleni avamile ekhompuyutha alolu hlelo. Umsebenzi we-oscillations kuphela owaboniswa futhi akukho misebenzi yangempela yokubala eyenziwe.
Izivivinyo ezifana nalezi ezichazwe ngenhla sezenziwe kakade. Ngo-2017, incazelo yocwaningo yanyatheliswa ku-Nature Photonics, kuhlanganise nase-University of Michigan e-USA. Lapho, ama-pulses okukhanya kwe-laser ahlala ama-femtoseconds ayi-100 adluliswa ngekristalu ye-semiconductor, elawula isimo sama-electron. Njengomthetho, izenzakalo ezenzeka esakhiweni sezinto zazifana nalezo ezichazwe ngaphambili. Lena imiphumela ye-quantum.
Ama-chips akhanyayo nama-perovskites
Yenza"amakhompyutha we-quantum laser » uphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ngo-Okthoba odlule, ithimba labacwaningi base-US-Japanese-Australia labonisa uhlelo lwekhompuyutha olulula. Esikhundleni sama-qubits, indlela entsha isebenzisa isimo somzimba semishayo ye-laser namakristalu angokwezifiso ukuguqula imishayo ibe uhlobo olukhethekile lokukhanya olubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhanya okucindezelweyo."
Ukuze isimo seqoqo sibonise amandla ekhompuyutha ye-quantum, i-laser kufanele ilinganiswe ngendlela ethile, futhi lokhu kufinyelelwa kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi yezibuko eziboshelwe i-quantum, izikhithi zemishayo namafiber optical (2). Le ndlela yethulwa ngesilinganiso esincane, esingahlinzeki ngesivinini esiphezulu ngokwanele sokubala. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathi imodeli iyakwazi ukukala, futhi izakhiwo ezinkulu zingagcina zizuze inzuzo ye-quantum ngaphezu kwemodeli ye-quantum kanye kanambambili esetshenzisiwe.
2. Imishayo ye-laser edlula kunethiwekhi ephithene yezibuko
“Nakuba ama-quantum processors amanje ehlaba umxhwele, akucaci ukuthi angakwazi yini ukukalwa abe osayizi abakhulu kakhulu,” kuphawula i-Science Today. UNicolas Menicucci, umcwaningi obambe iqhaza esikhungweni se-Quantum Computing and Communication Technology (CQC2T) e-RMIT University eMelbourne, e-Australia. "Indlela yethu iqala ngokuqina okwedlulele okwakhelwe ku-chip kusukela ekuqaleni ngoba iphrosesa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cluster state, yenziwe ngokukhanya."
Izinhlobo ezintsha zamalaser nazo ziyadingeka ezinhlelweni ze-photonic ezisheshayo (bheka futhi:). Ososayensi abavela eFar Eastern Federal University (FEFU) - kanye nozakwabo baseRussia abavela eNyuvesi yase-ITMO, kanye nososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseTexas eDallas nase-Australian National University - babike ngoMashi 2019 ephephabhukwini i-ACS Nano ukuthi basungule uhlelo. indlela ephumelelayo, esheshayo neshibhile yokukhiqiza perovskite lasers. Inzuzo yabo ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo ukuthi zisebenza ngokuzinza, okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-optical chips.
“Ubuchwepheshe bethu bokuphrinta be-laser be-halide buhlinzeka ngendlela elula, eyongayo, futhi elawulwa kakhulu yokukhiqiza ngobuningi izinhlobonhlobo zamalaser e-perovskite. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwenziwa kahle kwejiyomethri enqubweni yokuphrinta i-laser okokuqala ngqa kwenza kube lula ukuthola ama-microlasers e-perovskite emodi eyodwa ezinzile (3). Ama-lasers anjalo athembisa ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini ehlukahlukene ye-optoelectronic ne-nanophotonic, izinzwa, njll., "Kuchaza u-Aleksey Zhishchenko, umcwaningi esikhungweni se-FEFU, ekushicilelweni.
3. Perovskite laser imishayo
Yebo, ngeke sibone amakhompyutha omuntu siqu "ehamba kuma-laser" maduze. Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa okuchazwe ngenhla kuwubufakazi bomqondo, hhayi ngisho nama-prototypes wezinhlelo zekhompiyutha.
Kodwa-ke, isivinini esinikezwa ukukhanya kanye nemishayo ye-laser silinga kakhulu kubacwaningi, bese kuba onjiniyela, benqaba le ndlela.
