Hlola idrayivu lapho abanye bengafinyeleli khona

Ngisho nezimoto ezingekho emigwaqeni kakhulu azikwazi ukufana namandla azo okushayela unqamula izwe. Zakhelwe njengezimoto zobumnandi, amamodeli we-ATV manje aseyatholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, hhayi ezemidlalo kuphela, kepha futhi njengama-workhorses futhi kaningi izinkunzi.

I-ATV. Kwabaningi, lo mqondo uyisifinyezo sebinzana lesiNgisi elithi all terrain vehicle, i.e. "Imoto ehamba kuzo zonke izindawo" ingase ihlotshaniswe nenhlanganisela yokuqala yemoto nesithuthuthu, lapho iqembu elithile labantu abanemali engenayo ehloniphekile lijabulela imvelo. Ngokwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ezimweni eziningi ukuwela kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane kubangela inzalo eyinyumba, kodwa lena yindlela umnyuzi (ingxubevange yembongolo nensikazi) ozalwa ngayo, onamandla njengehhashi nokubekezela. imbongolo. Yebo, kuleli fomu, isifaniso singasebenza, kodwa ekusebenzeni, ama-ATV anomugqa wawo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ekuqaleni lapho kukhona isithuthuthu. Futhi njengendalo yomuntu, le moto ayinayo isizukulwane kuphela, kodwa ikwazile ukuguqukela emagatsheni amaningi okuziphendukela kwemvelo. Namuhla, umbono osabalele we-ATV njengemoto enesihlalo esisodwa enesakhiwo sehlombe esicishe sivuleke, amasondo avulekile anamathayi amakhulu, injini yesithuthuthu futhi angenawo ama-overhangs ahlazisayo kunalokho anomkhawulo phakathi kobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona kulo mhlaba oyingqayizivele. Kuhlanganisa futhi ama-ATV ezingane ezincane, izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva, ama-ATV ezemidlalo, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo efinyelela ubukhulu bemoto encane, enezihlalo ezifika kwezine kanye/noma amapulatifomu ezimpahla, futhi ngokuvamile izinjini zikadizili. Lezi zamuva zisetshenziswa kakhulu emabuthweni ahlomile, abalimi, ezamahlathi, futhi ngenxa yokucaciswa kwazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-UTV (kusuka esiNgisini. Laba bangabasizi ababalulekile ikakhulukazi kubantu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhamba ezindaweni ezimbi, ezingenakulinganiswa. Ikesi eliphakathi kwe-ATV ne-UTV liwukubuka ohlangothini ngalunye, lapho abagibeli ababili bema ndawonye, ​​futhi ezimweni eziningi lapho kukhona abane, emigqeni emibili.Igama elithi "ATV" livame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. .

Futhi konke kwaqala cishe njengehlaya

Le ndawo ibonakala ingathintwa, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto abazichazi kuyo. Ngaphandle kwaHonda, bakha cishe i-ATV yokuqala yokusebenza ngesikhathi izithuthuthu zisenezabelo ezinkulu kakhulu zebhizinisi lenkampani futhi ayikho enye inkampani yezimoto ezama ukubakhona kule ndawo. Lapha abakhiqizi bezithuthuthu abanjengoKawasaki, uSuzuki neYamaha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezinkampani ezinemvelaphi yokuhamba ngeqhwa efana nePolaris ne-Arctic Cat, ukwahlukana kwezinkampani ezinkulu njengeBombardier yaseCanada, ama-ATV ayo abizwa ngeCan-Am, kukhona ezintweni zazo. ngokukhiqizwa kogandaganda nezimoto ezifanayo. UJohn Deere noBobcat.

Eqinisweni, ama-ATV adumile manje azalwa njengamasondo amathathu, kwathi ngo-1967 omunye uJohn Schlesinger wadala imoto efanayo yenkampani ye-elekthronikhi iSperry-Rand, wabe esethengisa amalungelo obunikazi eNew Holland (okuphethwe ngabakwaSperry-Rand. ) ilungelo lokubizwa ngomdali we-serial yokuqala ye-ATV ine-Honda. Ngokomlando wale nkampani, ngo-1967 omunye wonjiniyela bayo, u-Osamu Takeuchi, wacelwa wuphiko lwayo lwaseMelika ukuba enze into ethengiswa abadayisi ebusika, lapho iningi lamabhayisikili ligcinwa emagaraji. U-Takeuchi uqhamuke nemibono eminingi ehlanganisa amasondo angu-2, 3, 4, 5 ngisho nangu-6. Kwavela ukuthi imoto enamasondo amathathu inezimfanelo ezilinganiselayo kunazo zonke - ingcono kakhulu kunezinguqulo ezinamasondo amabili ngokuya ngekhono lokuwela izwe endaweni eneqhwa, eshelelayo nenodaka futhi ishibhile kakhulu kunezimoto ezinkulu. inani lamasondo. Inselele yayiwukuthola amathayi anosayizi ofanele ukuze akwazi ukubambelela endaweni ethambile neqhwa. U-Takeuchi wasizwa amamuvi we-TV, ikakhulukazi i-BBC Moon Buggy, i-SUV encane ehamba emanzini efakwe amathayi amakhulu kakhulu. Yakhiwa ngo-1970 ngabakwaHonda, le moto enamasondo amathathu inesilungiselelo lapho umshayeli ehlala khona ku-ATV (okungafani nemodeli yeSclesinger angaphakathi kuyo) futhi yaduma ngonyaka olandelayo ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwakhe efilimini. ka-James Bond ethi "Diamonds are forever" noSean Connery.

Ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuzijabulisa, imoto entsha kamuva izoqanjwa kabusha isuka ku-US90 iye ku-ATC90 (ku-All Terrain Cycle noma isithuthuthu se-terrain). I-ATC90 ine-suspension eqinile futhi iyakha ngamathayi amabhaluni amakhulu. Izipringi ezingekho kanye nezinqamuleli zokushaqeka azizange zivele kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-80s, okuholele ekutheni kube nesondo eliphansi kancane. Ngisho nasekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, abakwaHonda baqhubeka nokuhola ibhizinisi nge-ATC200E Big Red yabo, okwakuyi-ATV yokuqala enamasondo amathathu enohlelo lokusebenza. Ikhono lalezi zimoto ukufika ezindaweni cishe ezingafinyeleleki lazenza zaduma ngokwedlulele ezidingweni ezihlukahlukene e-United States naseCanada, ngokushesha nje abanye abadlali bangenela ngokwemvelo futhi ibhizinisi laqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, abasunguli bakwa-Honda abahleli nje bangenzi lutho futhi baphinde badlulele phambili kunezinye - bakha amamodeli ezemidlalo acishe abe yedwa emakethe isikhathi eside ngenxa yesakhiwo esisebenza kahle nezinjini ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngo-1981, i-ATC250R yaba ibhayisikili lokuqala lezemidlalo elinama-tricycle ukumiswa, amabhuleki ediski angaphambili nangemuva; Le moto inenjini engu-18 hp, ukubukeka kwezemidlalo futhi isathathwa njengenye yezimoto ezihamba phambili zalolu hlobo. Ngo-1985, injini ye-four-stroke engu-350 cc epholile emoyeni yayitholakala. I-CM kanye nekhanda lama-valve amane - isisombululo esasiyingqayizivele ngempela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokusekelwe kuyo, imodeli ye-ATC350X inokumiswa okude namabhuleki anamandla. Amamodeli e-Honda ayaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, ifreyimu ye-tubular iba unxande kakhudlwana esikhundleni samaphrofayili ayindilinga, futhi uhlelo lokuthambisa luyashintsha ukuze lubhekane nokunyakaza okuqondile okwedlulele.

Ukubusa kweJapan

Eminyakeni eyalandela, bonke abakhiqizi ngaphandle kwe-Suzuki bathuthukise imishini enamandla ye-stroke, kodwa akekho ongakwazi ukukala ukuthengisa nge-Honda, esezakhele idumela eliqinile ensimini. Ngenkathi i-Yamaha inikezela nge-Tri-Z YTZ250 yayo nge-250cc ene-stroke emibili. I-See kanye namagiya amahlanu noma ayisithupha ashintshwayo, bese iKawasaki iqala ukukhiqiza iTecate KTX250, nayo enenjini enamasondo amabili kanye namagiya amahlanu noma ayisithupha, amamodeli akwaHonda ATV empeleni abhalansile kakhulu. phesheya kwezilwandle, umkhiqizi waseMelika i-Tiger ingena emakethe ngamamodeli ahlukahlukene we-ATV enamasondo amathathu nezinjini ze-Rotax ezine-stroke ezimbili ezisuka ku-125 kuye ku-500 cm3. I-Tiger 500 yaba enye yamamodeli asheshayo ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa ye-50 hp yayo. ifinyelela isivinini esingaphezulu kuka-160 km/h - kuyingozi kakhulu entweni evulekile ehamba ngamasondo amathathu. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, inkampani ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside.

Eqinisweni, ukwanda kwamandla okubonisa ukuqala kokuphela kwama-tricycle quad. Azinzile futhi aziphephile kunamasondo amane, futhi ngo-1987 ukuthengiswa kwazo kwavalwa ezindaweni eziningi. Ngisho noma zinesisindo esincane futhi zingakwazi ukumelana nokushayela nazo zonke izinzuzo ezilandelayo, zisadinga ukugoba amakhona okunekhono nekhono lokugijima elingaphezu komshayeli wendiza, okufanele ancike kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukulinganisa - ukushayela kwesitayela sekukonke kuhlukile kulokho izimoto ezinamasondo amane.

Ukuzalwa kwama-ATV

Ngezinye izikhathi ukusalela emuva kwenye indawo kungakwenza ube iphayona kwenye. Yilokho kanye okwenzeka kuSuzuki, owaphayona ama-ATV. Eyokuqala yohlobo lwayo, i-QuadRunner LT125 yavela ngo-1982 futhi iyimoto encane yokuzijabulisa yabaqalayo. Kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-1987, inkampani iphinde yanikeza i-LT50 encane kakhulu enenjini engu-50cc. Bheka kulandele i-ATV yokuqala ene-CVT automatic transmission. KwaSuzuki baphinde bakhipha i-LT250R Quadracer four-wheel drive sport sport quad enamandla kakhulu, eyathengiswa kwaze kwaba ngu-1992, yaphinde yathola injini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, edonsa isikhathi eside, epholiswa ngamanzi. I-Honda iphendula nge-FourTrax TRX250R, kanye ne-Kawasaki nge-Tecate-4 250. Ifuna ukuzihlukanisa ngokuthembela ikakhulukazi ezinjinini ezipholile emoyeni, u-Yamaha ukhulula i-Banshee 350 ngenjini epholile ngamanzi eyi-two-cylinder, ene-stroke emibili esuka ku-RD350. isithuthuthu. . Le quad yaduma ngokugibela kanzima endaweni enodaka, emangelengele, kodwa yaduma kakhulu ngokugibela ezindundumeni zesihlabathi.

Amabhizinisi Amakhulu - AmaMelika Emdlalweni

Eqinisweni, kusukela kulowo mzuzu, umncintiswano omkhulu wangempela phakathi kwabakhiqizi waqala ngokwanda kwamanani asebenzayo nosayizi bama-ATV anikezwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthengisa kuqala ukukhula ngokushesha. ISuzuki Quadzilla manje isinenjini engu-500cc. I-CM futhi ingahamba ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu ngo-127 km / h, kwathi ngo-1986 iHonda FourTrax TRX350 4 × 4 yaqala ngesikhathi sokudluliswa okubili kumamodeli we-ATV. Ngokushesha ezinye izinkampani zajoyina ukukhiqizwa kwazo, futhi le mishini yaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabazingeli, abalimi, abasebenzi ezindaweni ezinkulu zokwakha, emahlathini. Kwakusekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90s lapho kwaqala ukuhlukaniswa kwamamodeli we-ATV kube injabulo (ezemidlalo) nokusebenza (i-Sport Utility kanye nezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-UTV). Lezi zokugcina zivame ukuba namandla kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngamagiya amabili, zingadonsa umthwalo onamathiselwe, futhi zihambe kancane.

Inkampani yokuqala yaseMelika ukungena ebhizinisini le-ATV kwakuyiPolaris, manje eyaziwa ngezimoto zayo zeqhwa. Inkampani eneqhwa iMinnesota yethule iTrailboss yayo yokuqala ngo-1984 futhi kancane kancane yaba yinto ebalulekile embonini. Namuhla iPolaris inikeza ububanzi obubanzi kakhulu bezimoto ezinjalo, kusuka kumamodeli amancane kuya ezihlalweni ezinkulu ezine eceleni no-UTV, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezempi. Omunye wabasunguli benkampani, u-Edgar Hatin, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wahlukana nayo wasungula inkampani i-Arcric Cat, namuhla nayo engomunye wabadlali abakhulu kuleli bhizinisi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezithuthuthu kweCanada conglomerate Canadian Bombardier Corporation yethula i-ATV yayo yokuqala, iTraxler, eyawina umklomelo we-ATV Yonyaka ngemuva konyaka. Kusukela ngo-2006, ingxenye yesithuthuthu yenkampani ibizwa nge-CAN-Am. Yize izinkampani ezinkulu ezivela eJapan naseMelika ezishiwo kuze kube manje zilawula le makethe, abadlali abaningi ngokwengeziwe bavele eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi abavela eChina naseTaiwan. IKymco (Kwang Yang Motor Co Ltd.) yasungulwa ngo-1963 futhi ingumkhiqizi wesikuta omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, igxile kuma-ATVs kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Namuhla, iKymco inikeza ama-ATV anhlobonhlobo futhi inobudlelwano obuqinile nabakhiqizi abanjengoKawasaki Heavy Industries neBMW. I-KTM isanda kujoyina ibhizinisi.

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev

Kafushane

Izigaba ze-ATV

I-Sport ATV Yakhiwe ngomgomo ocacile futhi olula - ukuhamba ngokushesha. Lezi zimoto zigijima kahle futhi zinokulawula okuhle kwamakhona. Ama-sport quads asekhaya emizileni ye-motocross, izindunduma zesihlabathi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo ezimazombezombe - noma kuphi lapho kungahlanganiswa khona isivinini esiphezulu namandla. Ngohlu olukhulu lwamamodeli nezinsiza, kanye nezithuthuthu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kumayelana namathuba ezezimali.

I-ATV yentsha Uma ufuna ukwethula ingane yakho ekuhambeni komgwaqo, lesi yisixazululo. Lezi zinhlobo zama-ATVs zincane, zinamandla aphansi, futhi cishe yizinhlobonhlobo zemidlalo nokusebenza kwama-ATV. Iningi lazo linezindlela ezikhethekile ezinamathele ezingutsheni zezingane, ngakho-ke injini iyama lapho iwa. Amanani abo aphansi kakhulu kunalawo ama-ATV ajwayelekile.

I-Utility ATV Ingasetshenziselwa umsebenzi nobumnandi. Noma ngabe i-ATV ejwayelekile noma ohlangothini oluthandwayo, amamodeli wokusiza asebenza ngamakhasimende amaningi. Lezi zimoto zinkulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunama-ATV ezemidlalo, futhi eziningi zinokumiswa okuzimele kwangemuva kokuvunyelwa okukhulu komhlaba ukusingatha noma indawo enzima kakhulu. Izinhlobo ze-ATV ze-Utillity zivame ukuba ntofontofo kunozakwabo bezemidlalo, futhi zinamasondo amakhulu ukuze amandla adluliselwe ngokwanele ezindaweni ezingalingani.

Ama-UTV Le mishini iya ngokuya iduma uma kuziwa ekuhambeni ezindaweni ezimbi. Banikeza ukusebenza okumangalisayo futhi bangahambisana nanoma yisiphi isidingo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna intaba yendunduma esheshayo, imoto emagebhugebhu futhi eqinile ephethe impahla, noma imodeli ethule kagesi yekamu lakho lokuzingela, uzozithola phakathi kwama-UTV. Inzuzo enkulu yamamodeli e-UTV anama-ATV avamile amandla okuthwala abantu abaningi—abafika kwabayisithupha kwezinye izinguqulo.

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-ATV ngonyaka odlule

I-Kawasaki Teryx и I-Teryx4

Le modeli ye-UTV yababili noma abane ingenza umsebenzi omuhle futhi ijabulise umndeni. Inenjini engu-783cc i-twin-cylinder kanye ne-steering yamandla.

Umzila wekati le-Arctic

Manje ifakwe injini engu-700 cc yokujova uphethiloli eyenzelwe umzimba wale modeli ngokukhethekile.

Umfuyi we-Honda

I-Wonderful Utility ATV enenjini engu-420 cc eyodwa eyisilinda. U-gearbox wesitayela semoto uvumela ukushintsha kwezandla okunethezeka noma okuzenzakalelayo kwe-gearchanging.

IHonda Pioneer 700-4

Imodeli inikeza ukukhetha phakathi kwendawo yezimpahla nezihlalo ezimbili ezingeziwe. Injini ine ukufuduka kuka-686 cm3 nohlelo lokujova.

Yamaha Viking

Leli hhashi elisebenzayo lizuza ifa likaRhino futhi lingenza noma yini ukusuka emibhoshongweni yokumba kuya ekujabuleleni ukugibela unqamula izwe. Ingakwazi ukuthwala kufika ku-270kg endaweni yezimpahla ngemuva bese idonsa umthwalo onamathiselwe ongu-680kg. Uma izimo ziba nzima kakhulu, ungavele uvule isistimu ye-4x4 futhi uzolunga.

Yamaha YFZ450R

Intshisekelo kuma-performance quads muva nje ithathe indawo yentshisekelo kuma-sport quads, kodwa i-Yamaha YZF450R imodeli ehlonishwa isikhathi. Idumile emijahweni eyahlukene futhi inguqulo yakamuva inomklamo omusha we-clutch owenza kube lula ukuyishayela.

Umuntu Wezemidlalo wePolaris

IPolaris inikeza le modeli ngentengo engabizi kakhulu enamakhono amahle wokushayela unqamula izwe. Ukufuduswa kwenjini manje sekungu-570 cm3, ukudluliswa kuyazenzakalela.

I-Polaris RZR XP1000

Lesi silo sasogwadule sinikwe amandla yi-injini eyi-1,0 hp 107-litre ProStar! Akunasithiyo ukuthi ukumiswa kwangemuva okunokuhamba okungama-46 cm nokulengiswa kwangaphambili ngo-41 cm akukwazi ukubhekana nakho, kanti amalambu angaphambili e-LED ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle ebusuku.

Can-Am Maverick Max 1000

Le UTV ihlanganisa izihlalo ezine zokumiswa ezinde nenjini edumile eyi-101 hp Rotax. Uhlobo lwe-1000R X xc lunezinyathelo ezincane futhi luvumela ukusetshenziswa kokuncipha okuncane ehlathini.

Muva nje, uhla lwama-ATV selube lukhulu, ngakho-ke lapha sizokwethula kuphela amamodeli avela kubakhiqizi abakhulu, abaziwayo nabaziwayo embonini.

Honda

Isilinganiso se-ATV: I-FourTrax Foreman, i-FourTrax Rancher, i-FourTrax Rubicon и i-FourTrax Recon.

I-ATV Yezemidlalo: TRX250R, TRX450R ne-TRX700XX.

Eduze: Big Red MUV.

Yamaha

I-ATV eguquguqukayo: I-Grizzly 700 FI, i-Grizzly 550 FI, i-Grizzly 450, i-Grizzly 125 neBig Bear 400.

I-ATV Yezemidlalo: Raptor 125, Raptor 250, Raptor 700, YFZ450X neYFZ450R.

I-UTV: Ubhejane 700 и Ubhejane 450.

i-polar Star

I-ATV eguquguqukayo: I-Sportsman 850 XP, i-Sportsman 550 XP, i-Sportsman 500 HO ne-Sportsman 400 HO.

I-ATV Yezemidlalo: I-Outlaw 525 IRS, iScrambler 500, iTrail Blazer 330 neTrail Boss 330.

I-UTV: Ranger 400, Ranger 500, Ranger 800 XP, Ranger 800 Crew, Ranger Diesel, Ranger RZR 570, Ranger RZR 800, Ranger RZR 4 800 и Ranger RZR XP 900.

Suzuki

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ATV: IKingQuad 400 FSi, iKingQuad 400 ASi, iKingQuad 500 neKingQuad 750.

Ezemidlalo ATV: QuadRacer LT-R450, QuadSport Z400 neQuadSport Z250.

I-Kawasaki

I-ATV eguquguqukayo: I-Brute Force 750, i-Brute Force 650, iPrairie 360 ​​neBayou 250.

I-ATV Yezemidlalo: KFX450R ne-KFX700.

I-UTV: Teryx 750, Mule 600, Mule 610, Mule 4010, Mule 4010 Diesel и Mule 4010 Trans4x4.

Ikati le-Arctic

I-ATV eguquguqukayo: I-ThunderCat H2, 700 S, 700 H1, 700 TRV, 700 Super Duty Diesel, 650 H1, MudPro, 550 H1, 550 S no-366.

Ezemidlalo i-ATV: 300DVX ne-XC450i.

I-UTV: Prowler 1000, Prowler 700 и Prowler 550.

Can-am

I-ATV eguquguqukayo: I-Outlander 400, i-Outlander MAX 400, i-Outlander 500, i-Outlander MAX 500, i-Outlander 650, i-Outlander 800R ne-Outlander MAX 800R.

Ezemidlalo i-ATV: DS 450, DS 250, Renegade 500 neRenegade 800R.

I-UTV: Commander 800R и Commander 1000.

UJohn Deere

I-UTV: Gator XUV 4 × 4 625i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 825i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 855D, High Performance HPX 4 × 4 и High Performance HPX Diesel 4 × 4.

I-Kymco

Izinsiza ze-ATV: MXU 150, MXU 300, MXU 375 neMXU 500 IRS.

Ezemidlalo i-ATV: iMongoose 300 neMaxxer 375 IRS.

I-UTV: UXV 500, UXV 500 SE и UXV 500 LE.

i-lynx

I-UTV: 3400 4 × 4, 3400XL 4 × 4, 3450 4 × 4, 3200 2 × 4, Toolcat 5600 Umshini Wokusiza Umsebenzi и Toolcat 5610 Umshini Wokusiza Umsebenzi

Abanye

I-ATV yokusetshenziswa: I-Argo Avenger 8 × 8, iTomberlin SDX 600 4 × 4, iBennche Gray Wolf 700.

Ezemidlalo i-ATV: KTM SX ATV 450, KTM SX ATV 505, KTM XC ATV 450 neHyosung TE 450.

I-UTV: Ivolontiya leCub Cadet 4 × 4 и Kubota RTV 900.