I-Project 68K cruisers ingxenye 2

Kuibyshev ngesikhathi umbukiso e Sevastopol ngo-1954. Abahamba ngomkhumbi be-Project 68K babenomfanekiso omuhle "we-Italian". Iqoqo lezithombe ngu-S. Balakina ngoMbhali

Incazelo Yesakhiwo

- Uhlaka

Ngokwezakhiwo, imikhumbi yephrojekthi engu-68 - nakuba imvelaphi yaseSoviet ngokuphelele - igcine "izimpande zayo zase-Italy": ideskithophu yomnsalo enobude obungaphezu kwama-40% wobude be-hull, i-superstructure ye-bow tower superstructure. idizayini ebolekwe kuphrojekthi ye-26bis cruiser) enendawo yokulawula umlilo phezulu, oshimula ababili abame mpo abanamakepisi, imibhoshongo yezikhali eyinhloko emi-4 ebekwe ngababili kumnsalo nangemuva (engenhla endaweni ephezulu), i-aft mast kanye ne-aft superstructure enomzuzwana. iposi lokulawula umlilo. Yayingekho insika ye-bow-mast - ithathelwe indawo yi-armored turret superstructure.

Umkhumbi wawunezitezi ezimbili eziqinile nezimbili (isiteji), zidlula umnsalo nangemuva, kanye nasezindlini ezisemaceleni. Iphansi eliphindwe kabili lalitholakala kubo bonke ubude benqaba yezikhali (amamitha angu-133). I-hull ihlukaniswe ngama-bulkheads amakhulu ayi-18 aguquguqukayo abe amakhompathimenti angu-19 angangeni manzi. Kwakukhona futhi ama-longitudinal bulkheads angu-2 aqhubeka nezintambo futhi afika endaweni ephansi. Ezingxenyeni zomnsalo nangemuva, uhlelo lwamapayipi lwaluphambana, kanti phakathi nendawo - luxubile.

Ngesikhathi sokwakha, kwasetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-riveting (imithambeka, ulwelwesi oluphansi oluphindwe kabili kanye namadekhi ngaphakathi kwenqaba), kanti sonke isakhiwo sesikebhe sasishiselwe.

Ibhande lezivikelo eliyinhloko elinogqinsi oluyi-100 mm (20 mm ekugcineni) nobude obungu-3300 mm lanwetshwa phakathi kwamafreyimu angu-38 no-213. Lalihlanganisa amapuleti ezikhali omkhumbi afanayo futhi amboze izinhlangothi ukusuka edeskini eliphansi ukuya phezulu, lifinyelela ku-1300. mm ngaphansi komugqa wamanzi wokuklama (KLV). Ama-slabs ebhande eliyinhloko kanye nama-bulkheads anqamulayo ahlomile amboze inqaba (ugqinsi oluyi-120 mm kumnsalo kanye no-100 mm ngemuva) ayexhunywe ama-rivets enziwe ngensimbi ye-nickel enamandla kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezikhali zedekhi zazingama-50 mm, umbhoshongo womkhuzi - 150 mm. Ngokwezibalo, izikhali kwakufanele zivikele izindawo ezibalulekile zemikhumbi futhi zimelane nomthelela. Amagobolondo ezikhali ezilwa nethangi angu-152 mm adutshulwe kusukela kukhebuli engu-67 kuya ku-120 kanye no-203 mm kusukela kukhebuli engu-114-130.

Isizinda samandla se-twin-shaft turbopair sinamandla aphelele angu-126 hp. Yayinamasethi ama-500 wezinjini zomusi i-TV-2 ezinebhokisi legiya kanye nama-boilers omusi angu-7 weshubhu wamanzi amakhulu we-KV-6 anokukhiqiza okwandayo. Ophephela bekungophephela abangu-68 abanezindwani ezintathu abane-engeli ye-pitch engashintshi. Isivinini esilinganiselwe esiphezulu singu-2 amafindo, umthamo ogcwele kaphethiloli (amafutha kaphethiloli, uwoyela kaphethiloli) amathani angama-34,5.

- Isikhali

Iphrojekthi ye-68 cruisers yayizofaka:

• 12 38-mm L/152 B-58,6 izibhamu kuma-turrets angu-4 anemigqomo emithathu ye-MK-5,
• Izibhamu eziyi-8 ezilwa nendiza zobude obuyi-100 mm L / 56 ekufakweni okuyisipele okungu-4 B-54,
• Izibhamu eziyi-12 zomthamo ongu-37 mm L/68 ekufakweni okungu-6 okuyimpinda engu-66-K,
• 2 amashubhu amathathu e-torpedo angu-533 mm
• Izikebhe ezindizayo ezi-2 zisuka endaweni eyodwa,
• izimayini zasolwandle kanye namacala okujula.

I-MK-5 enemiphongolo emithathu yayiyi-semi-automatic futhi yahlangabezana nezidingo zemiklamo efanayo yangaleso sikhathi. Yayikwazi ukushaya izindawo ezihlosiwe ngama-projectiles angu-55 kg ebangeni elingafika kumakhebuli angu-170. Izinga lomlilo lalifika ku-7,5 rds / min. esiqwini, i.e. Ama-22 nge-turret ngayinye noma ama-88 ububanzi. Ngokungafani nama-MK-3-180 ama-turrets we-Project 26/26bis cruisers, izibhamu ze-B-38 ku-MK-5 turrets zazinethuba lokuqondiswa okuqondile komuntu ngamunye, okwandisa ukusinda kwazo empini. Umklamo wobuchwepheshe wombhoshongo we-MK-5 wathuthukiswa yihhovisi lokuklama le-Leningrad Metal Plant. I. V. Stalin (umklami omkhulu A. A. Floriensky) ngo-1937-1938.

Ukulawulwa komlilo wesibhamu esikhulu sokudubula kwakuhlukaniswe ngezinhlelo ezi-2 zokulawula umlilo ezizimele "Lightning-A" (ekuqaleni igama elithi "Motiv-G") ezinezikhala ezi-2 zokulawula umlilo KDP2-8-III (B-41-3) ezinama-8 amabili. -meter stereoscopic rangefinders kuwo wonke umuntu. Lezi zinhlelo zakhiwe yihhovisi lesitshalo saseLeningrad "Elektropribor" (umklami oyinhloko S. F. Farmakovskiy).

Ama-MK-5 turrets ayehlome nge-DM-8 82-metres rangefinder kanye nezibhamu zemishini. Amarokhethi kanye nezindleko ze-propellant kumakhasethi e-asbestos zalethwa zisuka ezindaweni zokugcina impahla ngamakheshi ahlukene.