Umsakazo wasemkhathini usakaza kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo

Ziza ngokuzumayo, zivela ezindaweni ezihlukene endaweni yonke, ziyi-cacophony yamafrikhwensi amaningi, futhi zinqanyulwa ngemva kwama-millisecond ambalwa nje. Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu aziphindi. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, enye ye-FRB yaphula lo mthetho, futhi kuze kube namuhla usavela ngezikhathi ezithile. Njengoba iMvelo yabika ngoJanuwari, kusanda kutholwa icala lesibili elinjalo.

Irediyo esheshayo ephindayo (I-FRB - ) ivela emthaleni omncane omcane enqoleni yezinkanyezi, eqhele ngebanga elingama-light-year angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Okungenani sicabanga kanjalo, ngoba isiqondiso kuphela esinikezwayo. Mhlawumbe ithunywe enye into esingayiboni.

Esihlokweni esanyatheliswa kuyi-Nature, ososayensi babika ukuthi isibonakude somsakazo saseCanada I-CHIME (Ukuhlolwa kwemephu ye-Canadian Hydrogen Intensity) kwabhaliswa imisakazo emisha eyishumi nantathu, kuhlanganise nesithupha esivela endaweni eyodwa esibhakabhakeni. Umthombo wabo ulinganiselwa ku-1,5 billion light-years, eduze ngokuphindwe kabili lapho isignali yokuqala ephindaphindayo ikhishwe khona.

Ithuluzi elisha - okutholakele okusha

I-FRB yokuqala yatholwa ngo-2007, futhi kusukela lapho siye saqinisekisa ukuba khona kwemithombo engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu yamapulses anjalo. Zigcina ama-millisecond, kodwa amandla azo afana nalawo akhiqizwa yiLanga ngenyanga. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuqubuka okunjalo kufika ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu emhlabeni nsuku zonke, kodwa asikwazi ukubhalisa konke, ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi kuzokwenzeka nini futhi kuphi.

Isibonakude serediyo se-CHIME saklanywa ngokuqondile ukuthola lolu hlobo lwezenzakalo. Itholakala eSigodini sase-Okanagan eBritish Columbia, iqukethe izimpondo ezine ezinkulu ezingama-semi-cylindrical ezithwebula sonke isibhakabhaka esisenyakatho nsuku zonke. Kuzimpawu eziyishumi nantathu ezilotshwe kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba 2018, eyodwa evela endaweni efanayo yaphindwa izikhathi eziyisithupha. Ososayensi bawubize lo mcimbi I-FRB 180814.J0422 + 73. Izici zesignali zazifana I-FRB 121102okwakungowokuqala ukwaziwa kithi ukuthi iziphindaphinda endaweni eyodwa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-FRB eku-CHIME yaqoshwa okokuqala kumafrikhwensi nge-oda lokuthi kuphela 400 MHz. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokuqhuma kwerediyo kuvame ukwenziwa ngesivinini esithe xaxa, eduze nefrikhwensi yomsakazo. I-1,4 GHz. Ukutholwa kwenzeke ngobuningi obungu-8 GHz, kodwa ama-FRB esiwaziyo awazange avele kumafrikhwensi angaphansi kuka-700 MHz - naphezu kwemizamo eminingi yokuwathola kulobu bude bamaza.

Ama-flare atholakele ahlukile komunye nomunye ngokuya ukuhlakazeka kwesikhathi (ukusabalalisa kusho ukuthi njengoba imvamisa yegagasi elitholiwe ikhula, izingxenye zesignali efanayo ezirekhodwe kumafrikhwensi athile zifinyelela kumamukeli kamuva). Enye ye-FRB entsha inenani eliphansi kakhulu lokuhlakazeka, okungase kusho ukuthi umthombo wayo useduze noMhlaba (isignali ayihlakazeki kakhulu, ngakho-ke ibingafika kithi ngebanga elifushane). Kwesinye isimo, i-FRB etholiwe iqukethe ukuqhuma okukodwa okukodwa okulandelanayo - futhi kuze kube manje sazi okumbalwa kuphela.

Ndawonye, ​​izici zawo wonke ama-flare kusampula entsha zibonakala zisikisela ukuthi zisuka ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisakaza amaza omsakazo ngamandla kune-diffuse interstellar medium ekhona ku-Milky Way yethu. Noma ngabe uyini umthombo wawo, ama-FRB akhiqizwa ngale ndlela. eduze nokugxila okuphezulu kwentonjengezikhungo zemithala esebenzayo noma izinsalela ze-supernova.

Izazi zezinkanyezi maduze zizoba nethuluzi elisha elinamandla elizoba nalo mileage yesikwele, i.e. inethiwekhi yezibonakude zomsakazo ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi yethu, enendawo ephelele eyikhilomitha-skwele elilodwa. I-SKA izozwela ngokuphindwe kamashumi amahlanu kunanoma iyiphi enye ibonakude eyaziwayo yomsakazo, okuzoyivumela ukuba ibhalise futhi ifunde ngokunembile lokho kuqhuma kwemisakazo esheshayo, bese ithola umthombo wemisebe yawo. Ukuqaphela kokuqala kusetshenziswa lolu hlelo kufanele kwenzeke ngo-2020.

I-Artificial intelligence ibone okwengeziwe

NgoSepthemba ngonyaka odlule, kwavela ulwazi lokuthi, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kwakungenzeka ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe ama-flare omsakazo athunyelwe into eshiwo i-FRB 121102 futhi ahlele ulwazi ngakho.

Bekudingeka ukuhlaziya ama-terabytes angama-400 wedatha ka-2017. Ukuze ulalele idatha evela Isibonakude seGreen Bank bathole ama-pulses amasha emthonjeni ongaqondakali we-FRB 121102. Ngaphambilini, ayedlulwa ngezindlela ezivamile. Njengoba abacwaningi bephawula, amasignali awazange enze iphethini evamile.

Njengengxenye yohlelo, kwenziwa ucwaningo olusha (umsunguli walo kwaba UStephen Hawking), inhloso yakho ukufunda indawo yonke. Ngokunembe kakhudlwana, kwakumayelana nezinyathelo ezilandelayo zephrojekthi engaphansi, echazwa njengomzamo wokuthola ubufakazi bokuba khona kobuhlakani bangaphandle komhlaba. Kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela SET(), iphrojekthi yesayensi eyaziwa iminyaka eminingi futhi ibambe iqhaza ekufuneni izimpawu ezivela empucukweni yangaphandle.

I-SETI Institute ngokwayo isebenzisa I-Allen Telescopic Netuzama ukuthola idatha kumabhendi wefrikhwensi ephezulu kunaleyo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini ekuhlolweni. Imishini emisha yedijithali ehlaziyayo ehlelelwe izindawo zokubuka izovumela kokubili ukutholwa nokubhekwa kokuqhuma okungekho enye into engatholwa. Iningi lezazi likhomba ukuthi ukuze ukwazi ukusho okwengeziwe nge-FRB, udinga okunye okutholakele okuningi. Hhayi amashumi, kodwa izinkulungwane.

Omunye wemithombo ye-FRB eyenziwe yasendaweni

Abantu ongabazi akudingekile

Kusukela kuqoshwa ama-FRB okuqala, abacwaningi bazamile ukuthola izimbangela zabo. Nakuba emaphusheni ezinganekwane zesayensi, ososayensi kunalokho abahlobanisi i-FRB nempucuko yangaphandle, beyibona njengemiphumela yokushayisana kwezinto ezinamandla zasemkhathini, isibonelo, izimbobo ezimnyama noma izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-magnetar.

Sekukonke, cishe ama-hypotheses ayishumi nambili mayelana namasignali angaqondakali asevele aziwa.

Omunye wabo uthi bavela khona ukujikeleza ngokushesha izinkanyezi ze-neutron.

Okunye ukuthi bavela kuma-cosmic caaclysms afana na ukuqhuma kwe-supernova noma inkanyezi ye-neutron emigodini emnyama.

Omunye ufuna incazelo ezintweni zesayensi yezinkanyezi ezibizwa ngokuthi izibani. I-blitzar iwuhlobo lwenkanyezi ye-neutron enesisindo esanele ukuphenduka ibe imbobo emnyama, kodwa lokhu kuvinjwa amandla aphakathi nendawo avela ejubaneni eliphezulu lenkanyezi.

I-hypothesis elandelayo, nakuba ingeyokugcina ohlwini, iphakamisa ukuba khona kwalokho okuthiwa thintana nezinhlelo kanambambiliokungukuthi, izinkanyezi ezimbili zizungeza eduze kakhulu.

I-FRB 121102 kanye namasiginali asanda kutholwa i-FRB 180814.J0422+73, atholwe izikhathi eziningi emthonjeni ofanayo, abonakala ekhipha izenzakalo ze-cosmic ezenzeka kanye njenge-supernovae noma ukushayisana kwenkanyezi ye-neutron. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kube nembangela eyodwa kuphela ye-FRB? Mhlawumbe amasignali anjalo athunyelwa ngenxa yezenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka emkhathini?

Yiqiniso, ayikho imibono entulekayo yokuthi umthombo wezibonakaliso impucuko ethuthukisiwe yangaphandle komhlaba. Isibonelo, ithiyori ihlongozwa ukuthi i-FRB ingaba ukuvuza kuma-transmitter usayizi weplanethiukunika amandla ama-interstellar probe emithala ekude. Izithutha ezinjalo zazingase zisetshenziselwe ukuhambisa oseyili aphakathi kwezinkanyezi omkhumbi-mkhathi. Amandla ahilelekile ayenganele ukuthumela amathani ayisigidi omthwalo okhokhelwayo emkhathini. Ukuqagela okunjalo kuyenziwa, kufaka phakathi uManasvi Lingam wase-Harvard University.

Nokho, okuthiwa umgomo wensingo ka-OccamNgokusho kwalokho, lapho echaza izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, umuntu kufanele azame ukuba lula. Sazi kahle ukuthi ukukhishwa komsakazo kuhambisana nezinto eziningi nezinqubo ku-Universe. Akudingekile ukuthi sibheke izincazelo ezingavamile zama-FRB, ngoba nje asikakakwazi ukuhlobanisa lokhu kuqubuka kwezenzakalo esizibonayo.