Lapho Kufika Iziqandisi Ezinonya
of technology

Lapho Kufika Iziqandisi Ezinonya

26.05.2022 /

Abantu abangafika esigidini bangase babe izisulu zokuhlaselwa kwama-hacker ezweni lonke kunethiwekhi yabasebenzi abakhulu basekhaya ngoFebhuwari 2014. Abahlaseli basebenzise ubungozi kumarutha adumile e-Wi-Fi. Lo mcimbi wakamuva wenze abaningi babona ukuthi sisondele kangakanani kuzo zonke izinsongo esizizwayo nesizifundayo kumongo wempi yokuxhumana nge-inthanethi eyenzeka ndawana thize emhlabeni.

Njengoba kwenzeka, emhlabeni - yebo, kodwa hhayi "endaweni ethile", kodwa kokubili lapho nalapho. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlasela, abasebenzisi abaningi be-inthanethi babe nezinkinga zokufinyelela inethiwekhi. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba u-opharetha ngokwakhe uvimbe amakheli amaningana e-DNS. Amakhasimende abethukuthele ngoba abengazi ukuthi umnyango we-IT uwasindise ekulahlekeni kwedatha ngale ndlela, futhi kwazi bani, uma kungezona izinsiza zezezimali.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amamodemu ayisigidi ayesengozini. Ukuhlasela bekuwumzamo wokulawula imodemu nokushintshanisa amaseva ayo e-DNS azenzakalelayo ngamaseva alawulwa izigebengu ze-inthanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaklayenti enethiwekhi axhume ku-inthanethi ngale DNS ahlaselwe ngokuqondile. Iyini ingozi? Njengoba i-website egunyaziwe i-Niebezpiecznik.pl ibhala, ngenxa yokuhlasela okufanayo, omunye wabasebenzisi be-Inthanethi ePoland walahlekelwa izinkulungwane ze-16. I-PLN ngemuva kokuthi "abenzi bokubi abangaziwa" bephule amakheli e-DNS kumodemu yakhe futhi bamnikeze iwebhusayithi engumgunyathi yenkonzo yakhe yasebhange. Indoda enebhadi ikhiphe imali ingazi ku-akhawunti yangaphandle evulwe abakhohlisi. Bekuyi ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, okungenye evame kakhulu namuhla ukukhwabanisa kwekhompyutha. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane:

  • Amagciwane wefayela - shintsha umsebenzi wamafayela asebenzisekayo (com, exe, sys…). Bahlanganisa nefayela, beshiya iningi lekhodi yalo liphelele, futhi ukukhishwa kohlelo kuguqulwa ukuze ikhodi yegciwane ikhishwe kuqala, bese kuqalwa uhlelo, ngokuvamile olungasasebenzi ngenxa yokulimala kwesicelo. Lawa magciwane yiwona avame kakhulu ngoba asakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwafaka ikhodi.
  • igciwane le-disk - esikhundleni sokuqukethwe komkhakha we-boot oyinhloko, idluliswa ngokushintsha ngokomzimba indawo ngayinye yokugcina. Idrayivu yesistimu ingatheleleka kuphela uma umsebenzisi eqala ukuvela kwabezindaba abathelelekile.
  • Amagciwane ahlobene – amagciwane alolu hlobo afuna futhi atheleleke kumafayela e-*.exe, bese ubeka ifayela legama elifanayo nesandiso se-*.com bese ufaka ikhodi yawo esebenzisekayo kuwo, kuyilapho isistimu yokusebenza kuqala ikhiphe ifayela le-*.com.
  • igciwane le-hybrid - iqoqo lezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ahlanganisa izindlela zawo zesenzo. La magciwane asakazeka ngokushesha futhi akulula ukuwabona.

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