Aqhamuke nini ama-airbag okuqala emotweni futhi asungulwe ngubani
Okuqukethwe
Umlando wokufaka isicelo waqala ngo-1971, ngesikhathi abakwaFord bakha ipaki lokucushion lapho kuhlolwa khona ukuphahlazeka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, iGeneral Motors yahlola ukusungulwa kweChevrolet 1973, eyathengiswa kubasebenzi bakahulumeni. Ngakho i-Oldsmobile Tornado yaba imoto yokuqala enenketho ye-airbag yabagibeli.
Kusukela ngesikhathi umqondo wokuqala uzalwa ekubukeni kwama-airbag ezimotweni, kwadlula iminyaka engu-50, futhi ngemva kwalokho kwathatha umhlaba eminye iminyaka engu-20 ukubona ukusebenza kahle nokubaluleka kwalo mshini.
Ubani owafika naye
"Isikhwama somoya" sokuqala sasungulwa ngodokotela bamazinyo u-Arthur Parrott noHarold Round ngawo-1910. Odokotela belapha izisulu zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, bebuka umphumela walezi zingxabano.
Idivayisi, njengoba ikhulelwe abadali, ivimbele ukulimala kwemihlathi, yafakwa ezimotweni nasezindizeni. Isicelo selungelo lobunikazi safakwa ngoNovemba 22, 1919, idokhumenti ngokwayo yatholwa ngo-1920.
I-Plaque yokukhumbula i-Round and Parrott's patent
Ngo-1951, u-Walter Linderer waseJalimane kanye no-American John Hedrick bafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi le-airbag. Bobabili bathola idokhumenti ngo-1953. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Walter Linderer kwagcwala umoya ocindezelwe lapho ishaya ubhampa wemoto noma lapho ivulwa ngesandla.
Umlando we-prototype
Ukubala kwehle kwaqala ngo-1950, lapho unjiniyela wezinhlelo uJohn Hetrick, owayesebenza eMbuthweni Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-US, eba sengozini nomkakhe nendodakazi yakhe. Umndeni awulimalanga kakhulu kodwa yisona lesi sigameko esiholele ekutheni kuthungathwe umshini ozoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Esebenzisa ulwazi lobunjiniyela, u-Hetrick waqhamuka nesibonelo somcamelo ovikelayo wezimoto. Idizayini bekuyisikhwama esiphefumulayo esixhunywe kusilinda somoya esicindezelwe. Umkhiqizo wawufakwe ngaphakathi kwesondo lokuqondisa, phakathi nedeshibhodi, eduze nendawo yamagilavu. Umklamo usebenzise ukufakwa kwentwasahlobo.
I-prototype ye-cushion yokuzivikela yezimoto
Isimiso yilo: umklamo uthola imithelela, uvuselela ama-valve ku-cylinder yomoya ocindezelwe, lapho ungena khona esikhwameni.
Ukuqaliswa kokuqala ezimotweni
Umlando wokufaka isicelo waqala ngo-1971, ngesikhathi abakwaFord bakha ipaki lokucushion lapho kuhlolwa khona ukuphahlazeka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, iGeneral Motors yahlola ukusungulwa kweChevrolet 1973, eyathengiswa kubasebenzi bakahulumeni. Ngakho i-Oldsmobile Tornado yaba imoto yokuqala enenketho ye-airbag yabagibeli.
I-Oldsmobile Tornado
Ngo-1975 no-1976, i-Oldsmobile ne-Buick yaqala ukukhiqiza amaphaneli aseceleni.
Kungani engafuni muntu ukusebenzisa
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwemicamelo kwabonisa ukwanda kokusinda ngezinye izikhathi. Inani elincane lokufa belisarekhodwa: izinkinga zokuklama ezinokuhlukahluka komoya ocindezelwe kwezinye izimo ziholele ekufeni. Nakuba ngokusobala kwakukhona ama-pluses amaningi kunama-minuses, abakhiqizi, umbuso kanye nabathengi bavumelana isikhathi eside ukuthi kudingeka yini imicamelo.
Iminyaka yama-60s nama-70s iyinkathi lapho inani labashona ezingozini zezimoto eMelika laliyinkulungwane eyodwa ngesonto. Ama-Airbags abonakala eyisici esithuthukisiwe, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuphazanyiswe imibono evela kubakhiqizi bezimoto, abathengi, kanye nezimakethe ezijwayelekile. Lesi yisikhathi sokukhathazeka ngokwakhiwa kwezimoto ezisheshayo nezinhle abantu abasha abangazithanda. Akekho owayenendaba nokuphepha.
Ummeli u-Ralph Nader kanye nencwadi yakhe ethi "Akuphephile kunoma yisiphi isivinini"
Nokho, isimo siye sashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ummeli u-Ralph Nader wabhala incwadi ethi "Unsafe at Any Speed" ngo-1965, esola abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokushaya indiva ubuchwepheshe obusha bezokuphepha. Abasiki bengqephu bakholelwa ukuthi ukufakwa kwezinto zokuphepha kuzothunaza isithunzi kubantu abasha. Nezindleko zemoto zinyukile. Abadali baze babiza imicamelo eyingozi kubagibeli, okuqinisekiswe amacala amaningi.
Umzabalazo kaRalph Nader nomkhakha wezimoto wathatha isikhathi eside: izinkampani ezinkulu azizange zifune ukuvuma. Amabhande ayenganele ukuze avikeleke, ngakho abakhiqizi baqhubeka nokululaza ukusetshenziswa kwemicamelo ukuze imikhiqizo yabo ingabi eqolo.
Ukuthuthukiswa emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa
Kusukela u-Allen Breed edala uhlelo lwezinzwa, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwezikhwama kube yintuthuko enkulu. Ngo-1964, unjiniyela waseJapane u-Yasuzaburo Kobori wasebenzisa isiqhumane esincane sokwehla kwamandla emali ngesivinini esikhulu. Lo mbono uthole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke futhi unikezwe amalungelo obunikazi emazweni ayi-14.
Allen Breed
Izinzwa bekungenye intuthuko. U-Allen Breed uthuthukise umklamo wakhe ngokusungula idivayisi ye-electromagnetic ngo-1967: ngokuhambisana nokuqhuma okuncane, isikhathi sokukhuphula sehliswe saba ngu-30 ms.
Ngo-1991, uBreed, osevele enomlando oqinile wokutholakala, wasungula imicamelo enezingqimba ezimbili zendwangu. Lapho idivayisi idubula, yagcwala umoya, yabe isikhipha igesi ethile, iyancipha.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuhambe ngezindlela ezintathu:
- ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwakha: i-lateral, yangaphambili, yamadolo;
- ukuguqulwa kwezinzwa ezikuvumela ukuthi udlulise ngokushesha isicelo futhi uphendule ngokunembe kakhudlwana kumathonya emvelo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pressurization kanye nezinhlelo zokuvunguza kancane.
Namuhla, abakhiqizi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza, izinzwa, njll., ekulweni nokunciphisa amathuba okulimala ezingozini zomgwaqo.
