Ubunjiniyela besimo sezulu baseShayina
Bagcina isikhathi selanga ngesikhathi sama-Olimpiki eBeijing. Manje amaShayina angathanda ukwenza okuphambene - enze line lapho kome kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziqondiso zesimo sezulu seziqala ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okuthile ...
Ngokodaba olwanyatheliswa ngoMashi nonyaka ephephandabeni iSouth China Daily Post, iphrojekthi ehlelwe yinkampani kahulumeni i-China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation iphakamisa ukuthi endaweni eyi-1,6 million km.2, i.e. cishe u-10% wendawo yaseShayina inganyusa imvula. Iphrojekthi yakamuva yobunjiniyela besimo sezulu izokwenziwa endaweni yaseChina esentshonalanga yeTibetan Plateau kanye nesifunda esiphakathi kweXinjiang neCentral Mongolia, esaziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile kanye nokushoda kwamanzi okuvamile.
Uhlelo oluhleliwe kufanele lube namandla, kodwa izikhulu zaseChina zithi ngeke zidinge ukusetshenziswa kwemali okukhulu. Kuzosuselwa ku amanethiwekhi amaselula do ukuvutha high density uphethiloli oqinileetholakala ethafeni elomile. Umphumela ovuthayo uzoba ukukhululwa kwe-iodide yesiliva emkhathini. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, amafu emvula kufanele akhe. Imvula akulindelekile ukuthi ichelele le ndawo kuphela, kodwa futhi yehle nemifula isuka e-Tibetan Plateau iye empumalanga yeChina enabantu abaningi.
Igumbi lemvula laseShayina
AmaShayina asevele akha amakamelo okuhlola angamakhulu amahlanu. Atholakala emithambekeni ewumqansa yezintaba zaseTibet. Lapho imimoya ye-monsoon ihlasela izintaba, kwakhiwa uhlaka oluthwala ama-molecule e-iodide esiliva phezulu. Lawa-ke, abangela ukuba amafu afane, abangele imvula noma iqhwa. Ngokusho kososayensi ababambe iqhaza kulolu hlelo, lolu hlelo lunganyusa imvula esifundeni 10 billion3 minyaka yonke – okungama-7% engqikithi yamanzi asetshenziswa eShayina.
Izishisi zikaphethiloli eziqinile zathuthukiswa ochwepheshe be-rocket propulsion njengengxenye yohlelo lwamasosha aseShayina lokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu ngezinjongo zokuzivikela. Bashisa uphethiloli ngendlela ehlanzekile nangempumelelo njengezinjini zamarokhethi - banokusebenza kahle kwamayunithi amandla endiza. Ngokwemithombo yaseShayina, zikhipha umhwamuko nesikhutha kuphela, okwenza zisetshenziswe ngisho nasezindaweni ezivikelekile. Onjiniyela kwakudingeka bacabangele izimo eziphakeme zokuphakama kanye nomoya ongavamile. Ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-5 emoyeni kune-oxygen encane edingekayo ukuze inqubo yokuvutha.
Amakhamera angalawulwa kusuka ku-smartphone eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamamayela, ngohlelo lokubikezela ngesathelayithi, ngoba ukusebenza kokufakwa kuzogadwa futhi kuqashwe ngokuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa idatha enembe kakhulu engena ohlelweni ngesikhathi sangempela isuka kunethiwekhi yamashumi amathathu. amasathelayithi amancane e-meteorological aqapha umsebenzi we-monsoonal esifundeni soLwandlekazi i-Indian. Izindiza, ama-drones namarokhethi kulo msebenzi azohambisana nenethiwekhi yaphansi, ezothuthukisa imiphumela yesimo sezulu ngokufafazwa okwengeziwe.
Ngokombono wamaShayina, ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yamagumbi omlilo aphakeme esikhundleni sezindiza kwenza umqondo omkhulu wezomnotho - ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwegumbi elilodwa lomlilo kubiza cishe i-PLN 50. yuan (US$ 8), futhi izindleko zizokwehla uma kubhekwa isikali sephrojekthi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi le nqubo ayidingi ukuvinjelwa kwezindiza ezindaweni ezinkulu, okudingekayo uma hlwanyela amafu izindiza zisetshenziswa.
Kuze kube manje, imvula e-China idalwe ukufafaza ama-catalyst afana ne-iodide esiliva noma iqhwa elomile emkhathini. Lokhu kwakuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imiphumela yesomiso. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, amathani emvula angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ngonyaka adalwe ngokuzenzela eMbusweni Wezulu, futhi lesi samba kwakuhlelwe ukuthi senyuswe izikhathi ezinhlanu. Indlela ekhethwayo kwakuwukufutha amakhemikhali ngamarokhethi noma ezindizeni.
Ukungabaza
Kunemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo.
Okokuqala, ukukhululwa kwe-iodide yesiliva ezindaweni eziphansi ezinjalo kungathinta abantu. Izinhlayiya zalesi sici, ezifakwe emaphashini, ziyingozi, njenganoma yiluphi uthuli lwasemkhathini, nakuba, ngenhlanhla, iodide yesiliva iyinhlanganisela engeyona enobuthi. Nokho, ukuna nemvula eMhlabeni, kungaphazamisa i-ecosystem yasemanzini.
Okwesibili, i-Tibetan Plateau iyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi hhayi nje kuphela kweningi laseShayina, kodwa nasengxenyeni enkulu ye-Asia. Izinguzunga zeqhwa neziziba zaseTibet zondla umfula ophuzi (Huang He), iYangtze, iMekong neminye imigwaqo emikhulu yamanzi egeleza eChina, eNdiya, eNepal iye kwamanye amazwe. Ukuphila kwamashumi ezigidi zabantu kuncike kula manzi. Akukacaci kahle ukuthi isenzo seShayina sizophazamisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ezigodini nasezindaweni eziminyene.
U-Weiqiang Ma, ongumcwaningi eTibetan Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, utshele abezindaba baseChina ukuthi uyangabaza ngezibikezelo zokuna kwemvula.
- - Uthe. -
Angazi ukuthi lokhu kuyasebenza yini
Isu lokutshala amafu lihlehlela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-40s lapho umbhangqwana wososayensi beGeneral Electric bazama ukusebenzisa iodide esiliva ukufinyamisa amafu emvula azungeze iMount Washington, New Hampshire, North America. Ngo-1948 bathola ilungelo lobunikazi lale nqubo. Ibutho lase-US lachitha cishe izigidi ezingu-1967 zamaRandi ngonyaka phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam ngo-1972-3 emisebenzini yokuguqula isimo sezulu ukuze kusetshenziswe inkathi yemvula ukudala izimo ezinodaka, ezinzima zamasosha ezitha. Omunye wemikhankaso wawubandakanya umzamo wokukhukhula i-Ho Chi Minh Trail, umgwaqo omkhulu amasosha angamaKhomanisi aseVietnam ayehamba kuwo. Nokho, imiphumela yahlolwa njengemincane.
Ososayensi bathi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ngokukhula kwamafu ukuthi kunzima ukubona ukuthi iyasebenza nhlobo. Ngisho nezindlela zanamuhla ezithuthukisiwe, akulula ukuhlukanisa izimo zezulu ebezilindelwe kulezo ebezihleliwe.
Ngo-2010, i-American Meteorological Society yakhipha isitatimende mayelana nezinqubo zokutshala amafu. Yathi nakuba isayensi yemiphumela yesimo sezulu yenze intuthuko enkulu kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule, amandla okuhlelela imiphumela yesimo sezulu ayesencane kakhulu.
