I-catalyst emotweni - ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ephuka kuyo. Umhlahlandlela

I-catalyst emotweni enenjini kaphethiloli idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Lesi akusona nje isicoci segesi esikhipha umoya esivamile. Inqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli nayo incike kulesi sici, i.e. ukusebenza kahle kwenjini nokusebenza kahle.

I-Automotive catalyst iyigama elivamile le-converter ye-catalytic, okuyingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha umoya, futhi umsebenzi wayo ukwehlisa inani lezinto eziyingozi kumagesi aphumayo. Ama-Catalysts asetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi. Ukuba khona kwabo ohlelweni lwe-exhaust kulawulwa yimithethonqubo, ngoba imoto ngayinye kufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso ezithile zokuhlanzeka kwamagesi okukhipha. Uma bebasha, bayaqina.

Esikhathini esidlule saqala ukusebenzisa ama-DPF asebenza njengezisusa ezimotweni zikadizili. Manje sekuyisikhathi seziguquli ze-catalytic ezinjinini zikaphethiloli..

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I-catalyst emotweni - isimiso sokusebenza

Ngaphandle, i-catalyst ifana ne-muffler ohlelweni lwe-exhaust (futhi iyingxenye yalolu hlelo). Kuyikani likathayela elineziteshi eziningi zamakhekheba ezinyosi ezinamekwe ngezinto ezifanele, ngokuvamile iplatinum, kodwa nerhodium ne-palladium. Lezi yizinsimbi eziyigugu, yingakho kunezigameko zokwebiwa kwama-catalysts.

Isenzo salezi zinhlanganisela sihloselwe ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezingxenye ezinobuthi kumagesi aphumayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungena ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ngamagesi aphumayo.

Ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, sihlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zama-catalysts: ama-catalysts e-ceramic (ene-ceramic block) kanye nama-catalysts ensimbi (ene-metal block).

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Ezinhlotsheni ezindala zezimoto, i-catalyst yayitholakala epayipini lokuphuma ngaphansi kwephansi lemoto. Kumamodeli amasha, ama-catalyst asevele e-exhaust manifold. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokuthobela izindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha umoya osebenzayo ezimotweni ezintsha. I-catalyst ehlelwe ngale ndlela ishisa ngokushesha futhi ngenxa yalokho isebenza ngokuphumelelayo.

I-Catalyst enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi - ukungasebenzi kahle okuvame kakhulu

Naphezu kwezimo zokusebenza ezingezinhle (umehluko omkhulu wokushisa, umswakama, umthelela), ama-catalyst angamadivayisi ahlala isikhathi eside. Iningi lifinyelela kuma-run angu-200. km futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, nakuba ikhwalithi yokuhlanza igesi ephumayo iyancipha kwezinye izisusa (lokhu kungatholakala, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe).

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ezindala zama-catalysts ze-ceramic azikwazi ukumelana nokugqokwa kwemishini. Kumadivayisi anjalo, i-ceramic core iyaguga. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezimotweni ezinezinjini ze-LPG lapho isilungiselelo segesi singalungiswanga kahle.

Nokho, umonakalo ofanayo ungenzeka nasemotweni esebenzisa uphethiloli.

- Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lokuthungela luhluleka. Khona-ke isimo singase siphakame lapho ukushiswa kukaphethiloli kwenzeka kusiguquli se-catalytic, hhayi kusilinda, kuchaza uSlavomir Szymczewski, umakhenikha wezimoto waseSłupsk.

Kungase kuphakame isimo esifanayo lapho uzama ukuqala injini kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. ukudonsa, okungukuthi ukudonswa enye imoto noma ukududulwa. Kulesi simo, kunengozi yokuthi umthamo wamafutha uzowela ku-catalyst futhi ushise lapho, okuzoholela ekwandeni okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa.

I-catalyst ingahluleka futhi lapho, ngemva kokushayela isikhathi eside (injini ifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwayo), sishayela emanzini ajulile. Khona-ke i-catalyst izophola ngokushesha kakhulu, okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo okulandelayo.

Lokhu ngokuvamile kusebenza kuma-catalysts e-ceramic. Ama-catalysts ensimbi ahlala isikhathi eside (kodwa futhi abiza kakhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zishisa ngokushesha kunama-catalysts e-ceramic futhi ngenxa yalokho zifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zesiguquli se-catalytic esihlulekile emotweni

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesiguquli se-catalytic esihlulekile ukwehla kwamandla enjini noma umsindo ovela ngaphansi kwe-chassis.

- Lona umsindo wesici sokukhala noma ukukhala, - kuchaza uSlavomir Shimchevsky.

Isiguquli se-catalytic esinephutha sisitshela iphutha laso ngokukhanyisa isibani HLOLA kudeshibhodi (kodwa futhi siyasazisa ngamanye amaphutha enjini).

Abanye abashayeli balungisa le nkinga ngokusika i-catalyst bese befaka ucezu lwepayipi lokukhipha umoya endaweni yalo. Lesi sinqumo asihambisani nemithethonqubo, njengoba sephula ukugunyazwa kwemoto futhi sandise ukukhishwa kwe-exhaust okuvumelekile. Ekuhlolweni okulandelayo esiteshini sokuhlola, i-diagnostician, ngemva kokuhlaziya amagesi okukhipha umoya (futhi ebheka ngaphansi kwe-chassis), ngokushesha uyaqaphela ukuthi imoto ayisebenzi, futhi ngeke isitembu sokuhlola.

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Ezimotweni ezintsha ezinesixhumi sokuxilonga se-OBDII, ukususwa kwesiguquli se-catalytic kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini, njengoba idatha evela ku-catalyst isuswa i-lambda probe (ngezinye izikhathi kunenqwaba yazo).

- Le nzwa inesibopho somthamo oqondile wengxube. Uma engenakho ukufundwa kwe-catalyst okwanele, ulinganisa umjovo ngokungalungile, futhi lokhu, kungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni okwengeziwe, kusho umakhenikha.

Ukuqedwa kokwehluleka kwe-catalyst

Kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-catalyst - buyisela eyonakele ngentsha noma uyikhiqize kabusha. Kuze kube muva nje, amanani entengo yama-catalyst angakhipha kakhulu ephaketheni lomnikazi wemoto. Njengamanje, sekunezitsha eziningi ezikhona emakethe ngamanani aphansi.

Isimo esilula kakhulu sokukhetha isiguquli se-catalytic kulapho le divayisi ifakwe epayipini le-exhaust elisebenza ngaphansi kwe-chassis. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukufaka i-catalyst yendawo yonke engaklanyelwe imodeli ethile yemoto (amandla enjini kuphela abalulekile). Intengo yedivayisi enjalo iyahlukahluka phakathi kwe-PLN 200-800.

“Kodwa-ke, ezimotweni zesimanjemanje, i-exhaust system iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inama-catalysts amaningana, kufaka phakathi lawo atholakala ku-exhaust manifold. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa enye indawo, kuchaza uSlavomir Szymczewski.

Kulokhu, intengo ye-catalyst ingafinyelela ku-PLN 4000.

Isixazululo singase sibe ukuvuselela i-catalyst. Ngokuvamile intengo yohlu lwenkonzo enjalo iyingxenye yentengo yomkhiqizo omusha. Inkinga yisidingo sokumisa imoto izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngoba ukuvuselelwa akuyona isevisi esheshayo.

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Abanye abanikazi bezimoto bakhetha ukusebenzisa isiguquli se-catalytic esisetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kokuthi isici singase sehluleke, ukuhlangana kwe-catalyst esetshenzisiwe akuvunyelwe. Ngokomthetho, i-catalyst esetshenzisiwe ithathwa njengodoti ohloselwe ukulahlwa. Kodwa ungenza imali ngayo. Singathengisa i-catalyst esetshenzisiwe, engasebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela sikhokhele izindleko zokuthenga entsha, okungenani kancane. Kunezinkampani eziningi emakethe ezithenga lezi zingxenye futhi zikhiphe izinsimbi eziyigugu kuzo.

Wojciech Frölichowski