Ukulawulwa kwe-Catalyst
Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokuguga kwe-catalyst, eyaziwa kahle ngokuthi i-catalytic converter, eyenziwa njalo uhlelo lokuxilonga olusebhodini, kuhlanganisa nokuhlola ushintsho lokuqukethwe komoyampilo kumagesi okukhipha umoya ngaphambi nangemva kwe-catalyst.
Ngale njongo, amasignali athunyelwa izinzwa ze-oxygen (ezaziwa nangokuthi izinzwa ze-lambda) zisetshenziswa. Enye yezinzwa ifakwe phambi kwakhe 
i-catalyst nesesibili ngemuva. Umehluko kumasignali kungenxa yokuthi enye i-oksijeni ku-exhaust gas ibanjwe yi-catalyst ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ku-exhaust gas kungezansi kwe-catalyst. Amandla omoya-mpilo we-catalyst abizwa ngokuthi amandla omoya-mpilo. Iyancipha njengoba i-catalyst igqoka, okuholela ekwandeni kwenani le-oxygen emagesini aphumayo ayishiya. Isistimu yokuxilonga esebhodini ihlola umthamo komoyampilo we-catalyst futhi iwusebenzise ukuze inqume ukusebenza kwayo.
Inzwa ye-oxygen efakwe phezulu kwe-catalyst isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula ukwakheka kwengxube. Uma lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ingxube ye-stoichiometric, lapho inani langempela lomoya elidingekayo ukuze kushiswe umthamo kaphethiloli ngesikhathi esithile lilingana nenani elibaliwe le-theoretical, okuthiwa i-binary probe. Itshela isistimu yokulawula ukuthi ingxube inothile noma ithambile (ifuna uphethiloli), kodwa hhayi ngokuthi yimalini. Lo msebenzi wokugcina ungenziwa yilokho okubizwa nge-broadband lambda probe. Ipharamitha yokuphuma kwayo, ebonisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo emagesini aphumayo, ayiseyona i-voltage eshintsha ngokuya ngesinyathelo (njengaku-probe enezindawo ezimbili), kodwa amandla amanje acishe akhuphuke ngomugqa. Lokhu kuvumela ukwakheka kwamagesi okukhipha umoya ukuthi kukalwe ngebanga elibanzi lesilinganiso somoya oweqile, okwaziwa nangokuthi isilinganiso se-lambda, yingakho igama elithi i-broadband probe.
I-lambda probe, efakwe ngemuva kwesiguquli se-catalytic, yenza omunye umsebenzi. Ngenxa yokuguga kwenzwa ye-oksijeni etholakala phambi kwe-catalyst, ingxube elawulwa ngesisekelo sesignali yayo (ilungile ngogesi) iba buthakathaka. Lona umphumela wokushintsha izici ze-probe. Umsebenzi wenzwa yesibili ye-oxygen ukulawula ukwakheka okuphakathi kwengxube eshisiwe. Uma, ngokusekelwe kuzimpawu zayo, isilawuli senjini sithola ukuthi ingxube incike kakhulu, izokwandisa isikhathi somjovo ngokufanele ukuze ithole ukwakheka kwayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zohlelo lokulawula.
