Catalytic Converter - umsebenzi wayo emotweni

Umbhobho wezimoto uqukethe izinto ezinobuthi eziningi. Ukuvimbela ukukhululwa kwawo emkhathini, idivayisi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-catalytic converter" noma "catalyst" isetshenziswa. Ifakwe ezimotweni ezinophethiloli nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikadizili. Ukwazi ukuthi isiguquli se-catalytic sisebenza kanjani kungakusiza uqonde ukubaluleka kokusebenza kwaso futhi uhlole imiphumela ukususwa kwaso okungase kubangele.

Faka i-catalyst

Isiguquli se-catalytic siyingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha umoya. Itholakala ngemuva kancane kwe-exhaust yenjini. I-catalytic converter iqukethe:

• Izindlu zensimbi ezinamapayipi angenayo naphumayo.
• I-Ceramic block (i-monolith). Lesi yisakhiwo esinezimbotshana esinamaseli amaningi akhulisa indawo yokuxhumana yamagesi aphumayo ngendawo yokusebenza.
• Isendlalelo se-catalytic simbozo esikhethekile ebusweni bamaseli we-ceramic block, ehlanganisa i-platinum, i-palladium ne-rhodium. Kumamodeli wakamuva, igolide kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukucwebezela - insimbi eyigugu enezindleko eziphansi.
• Isikhwama. Isebenza njenge-thermal insulation kanye nokuvikela isiguquli se-catalytic ekulimaleni komshini.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiguquli se-catalytic wukunciphisa izingxenye ezintathu ezinobuthi eziyinhloko zamagesi akhipha umoya, yingakho igama - izindlela ezintathu. Lezi yizithako okufanele zingathathi hlangothi:

• I-nitrogen oxides i-NOx, ingxenye yentuthu ebangela imvula ene-asidi, inobuthi kubantu.
• I-Carbon monoxide CO iyingozi kubantu ekuhlanganiseni kuka-0,1% kuphela emoyeni.
• Ama-Hydrocarbons CH ayingxenye ye-smog, amanye ama-compounds anomdlavuza.

Sisebenza kanjani isiguquli se-catalytic

Eqinisweni, isiguquli se-catalytic sezindlela ezintathu sisebenza ngokulandela isimiso esilandelayo:

• Amagesi e-exhaust enjini afinyelela emabhuloki e-ceramic, lapho angena khona amaseli futhi awagcwalise ngokuphelele. I-catalyst metals, i-palladium ne-platinum, iqala ukusabela kwe-oxidation lapho ama-hydrocarbons angashisiwe CH aguqulwa abe umhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-carbon monoxide CO iguqulelwe ku-carbon dioxide.
• I-rhodium yensimbi eyehlisayo iguqula i-NOx (i-nitric oxide) ibe yinayitrojeni evamile, engenangozi.
• Amagesi akhipha umoya ahlanziwe adedelwa emkhathini.

Uma imoto ifakwe injini ye-diesel, isihlungi se-particle sihlala sifakwe eduze kwesiguquli se-catalytic. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zakhi ezimbili zingahlanganiswa zibe i-elementi eyodwa.

Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lesiguquli se-catalytic linethonya eliwujuqu ekusebenzeni kokungathathi hlangothi kwezingxenye ezinobuthi. Ukuguqulwa kwangempela kuqala kuphela ngemva kokufinyelela ku-300°C. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elifanele mayelana nokusebenza nokuphila kwesevisi liphakathi kuka-400 no-800°C. Ukuguga okusheshayo kwe-catalyst kubonakala kumazinga okushisa asuka ku-800 kuya ku-1000 ° C. Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1000°C kuthinta kabi isiguquli se-catalytic. Enye indlela esikhundleni se-ceramics yokushisa okuphezulu i-matrix yensimbi enothayela. I-Platinum ne-palladium zisebenza njengezisusa kulokhu kwakhiwa.

Isiguquli se-catalytic yensiza

Isilinganiso sempilo ye-catalytic converter ingamakhilomitha ayi-100, kodwa ngokusebenza kahle, ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile amakhilomitha angama-000. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukwehluleka kwenjini kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha (ingxube yamafutha nomoya). Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho kukhona ingxube ethambile, futhi uma icebile kakhulu, i-porous block ivalwa ngophethiloli ongashiswanga, ukuvimbela izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezidingekayo ukuthi zenzeke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impilo yesevisi yesiguquli se-catalytic yehliswe kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu esivamile sokuhluleka kwe-ceramic catalytic converter ukulimala komshini (imifantu) ngenxa yokucindezeleka komshini. Bavusa ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamabhulokhi.

Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, ukusebenza kwesiguquli se-catalytic kuyawohloka, okutholwa uphenyo lwesibili lwe-lambda. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ibika ukungasebenzi kahle futhi ibonisa iphutha elithi "HLOLA INJINI" kudeshibhodi. Ama-Rattles, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuwohloka kwe-dynamics nakho kuyizimpawu zokuwohloka. Kulokhu, ithathelwa indawo entsha. Ama-catalyst awakwazi ukuhlanzwa noma ukulungiswa kabusha. Njengoba le divayisi ibiza, abashayeli abaningi bakhetha ukumane bayisuse.

Ingabe isiguquli se-catalytic singasuswa?

Ngemuva kokukhipha i-catalyst, imvamisa ishintshwa ngesibambisi somlilo. Lesi sakamuva sinxephezela ukuhamba kwamagesi aphumayo. Kunconywa ukuyifaka ukuze kuqedwe imisindo engathandeki eyakha lapho i-catalyst isusiwe. Futhi, uma ufuna ukuyisusa, kungcono ukuyisusa ngokuphelele futhi ungasebenzisi izincomo zabanye abathanda izimoto zokubhoboza imbobo kudivayisi. Inqubo enjalo izothuthukisa isimo okwesikhashana kuphela.

Ezimotweni ezithobela izindinganiso zemvelo ze-Euro 3, ngaphezu kokususa isiguquli se-catalytic, iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi kufanele ikhanyise kabusha. Kufanele ithuthukiswe ibe inguqulo ngaphandle kwesiguquli se-catalytic. Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka i-lambda probe signal emulator ukuze uqede isidingo se-firmware ye-ECU.

Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesiguquli se-catalytic ukusifaka esikhundleni saso ingxenye yangempela yesevisi ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuphazamiseka ekwakhiweni kwemoto kuzokhishwa, futhi isigaba sezemvelo sizohambisana nalokho okuchazwe umenzi.