Yini i-antifreeze ngeke ibilise futhi iqhwa

Olunye uvivinyo lwamapholisa ezimoto, esiluhlele ekupheleni kwalobu busika, luphinde lwakhombisa ukuthi isimo esinalesi sigaba semikhiqizo emakethe yethu asibukeki. Amathuba okuthola i-antifreeze yekhwalithi ephansi aphezulu kabuhlungu ...

Inkinga yokuba khona emakethe yenani elikhulu le-antifreeze esezingeni eliphansi yabonakala eminyakeni embalwa edlule, lapho ozakwethu abavela kwezinye izincwadi zezimoto kanye nami ngenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwama-antifreezes. Imiphumela yayo ibonise ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamasampuli ahlolwe ngaleso sikhathi ayizange ihlangabezane nezici ezimenyezelwe. Ubunzima benkinga bubhebhethekiswa nawukuthi izinto zokupholisa izimoto ziyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo ezidingeka kakhulu. Futhi kuyamangaza yini ukuthi namuhla inqwaba yezinto ezipholile, ezihlukene ngokwemibandela yazo yokusebenza, ezimelwe yizinhlobo zasekhaya nezangaphandle, zigelezela kulesi sigaba semakethe esifunwayo. Ziningi zazo, kodwa akuzona zonke ezilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Lesi simo sibhebhethekiswa futhi yiqiniso lokuthi iRussia ayikawemukeli umthethonqubo wezobuchwepheshe okufanele uhlukanise izinto ezipholile futhi isungule imingcele, kanye nokwakheka nokusebenza kwezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Okuwukuphela kwedokhumenti yokulawula ephathelene nama-antifreeze (okungukuthi, ama-coolants abandayo) kuseyi-GOST 28084-89 endala, eyamukelwa emuva ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union. Ngendlela, izinhlinzeko zalo mbhalo zisebenza kuphela kuketshezi olwenziwe ngesisekelo se-ethylene glycol (MEG).

Lesi simo empeleni sikhulula izandla zabakhiqizi abangenangqondo abathi, ngokuphishekela inzuzo, bavame ukusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi, futhi ngokuvamile eziyingozi nje. Uhlelo lapha lumi kanje: osomabhizinisi bazakhela eyabo iresiphi epholile ephuma ezingxenyeni ezishibhile futhi bayidwebe ngendlela yokucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe (TU), ngemuva kwalokho baqale ukuhlanganisa umkhiqizo wabo ngobuningi.

Enye yezinketho ezivame kakhulu "i-antifreeze" bodyagi ukusetshenziswa kwengxube ebambele ehlanganisa i-glycerin eshibhile kanye ne-methanol eshibhile ngokulinganayo esikhundleni se-MEG ebizayo. Zombili lezi zingxenye ziyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lokupholisa. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-glycerin inomthelela ekukhuleni komsebenzi wokugqwala, ikakhulukazi eziteshini zokupholisa ze-cylinder block, ine-viscosity ephezulu (okuyizikhathi eziphindwe kashumi kune-ethylene glycol) nokwanda kwabantu, okuholela ekusheshiseni. ukugqoka kwepompo. Ngendlela, ukuze ngandlela-thile kuncishiswe i-viscosity nobuningi be-coolant, amafemu engeza enye ingxenye eyingozi kuwo - i-methanol.

Lobu tshwala, siyakhumbula, bungokwesigaba sobuthi obuyingozi bezobuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ngobuningi kuvinjelwe ngumthetho, ukwephulwa kwawo okusongela izijeziso ezinzima zokuphatha. Nokho, lokhu kukodwa kuphela, isici esingokomthetho. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala be-methyl ohlelweni lokupholisa nakho akwamukelekile ngokobuchwepheshe, njengoba i-methanol ivele ikhubaze izingxenye zayo nezincane. Iqiniso liwukuthi isisombululo esinamanzi se-methyl alcohol emazingeni okushisa angama-50 ° C nangaphezulu siqala ukusebenzisana nge-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys, ukuwabhubhisa. Izinga lokusebenzelana okunjalo liphezulu kakhulu futhi alinakuqhathaniswa nezinga elivamile lokugqwala kwezinsimbi. Osokhemisi babiza le nqubo ngokuthi i-etching, futhi leli gama lizikhulumela lona.

Kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yezinkinga ezidalwa yi-antifreeze "methanol". Umkhiqizo onjalo unephuzu eliphansi lokubilisa (cishe u-64 ° C), ngakho-ke i-methanol ishintsha kancane kancane kusukela kumjikelezo wokupholisa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-coolant ihlala ikhona, imingcele yokushisa engahambisani nhlobo nemingcele edingekayo yokushisa yenjini. Ehlobo, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, uketshezi olunjalo lubilisa ngokushesha, ludale ama-plugs kumjikelezo wokujikeleza, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwemoto. Ebusika, emakhazeni, ingamane iguquke ibe yiqhwa futhi ikhubaze iphampu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izakhi zomuntu ngamunye zamayunithi wesistimu yokupholisa, isibonelo, ama-impellers wepompo yamanzi, nawo angaphansi kwemithwalo ephakeme enamandla, abhujiswa yi-methanol-glycerin antifreeze cishe isizini eyodwa.

Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwamanje, okwahlelwa ngokuhlanganyela ngolwazi kanye ne-portal yokuhlaziya "Avtoparad", inhloso yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukubona imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi equkethe i-methyl alcohol. Ukuze sihlole, sikhethe ngokukhetha amasampula ayishumi nambili ezinhlobonhlobo zokunqanda ukuqanda kanye nama-antifreeze, athengwe eziteshini zikaphethiloli, inhloko-dolobha kanye nezimakethe zezimoto zesifunda saseMoscow, kanye namaketanga athengisa izimoto. Wonke amabhodlela anamanzi apholile abe esedluliselwa kwenye yelabhorethri yokuhlola ye-25 State Research Institute yoMnyango Wezokuvikela weRussian Federation, ochwepheshe bayo abenza zonke izifundo ezidingekayo.

Ama-antifreeze akufanele uwathenge

Ukukubeka ngembaba, imiphumela yokugcina yokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo eyenziwa ezikhungweni zocwaningo ayikhuthazi ithemba. Zahlulele wena: koketshezi oluyi-12 oluthengwe yithi ukuze luhlolwe, i-methanol yatholwa kweziyisithupha (futhi lena ingxenye yamasampula), futhi ngenani elikhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-18%). Leli qiniso liphinde libonise ubulukhuni benkinga ehambisana nengozi yokuthola ama-antifreeze ayingozi nasezingeni eliphansi emakethe yethu. Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa, lezi zihlanganisa: Alaska Tosol -40 (Tektron), Antifreeze OZH-40 (Volga-Oil), Pilots Antifreeze Green Line -40 (Streksten), Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 kanye Antifreeze OZH-40 (zombili ezikhiqizwa Promsintez), kanye ne-Antifreeze A-40M Northern Standard (NPO Organic-Progress).

Uma sibuyela ngqo emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, siphawula ukuthi izinkomba zokushisa ze-"methanol" ezipholile azimelani nokugxekwa. Ngakho, iphuzu labo abilayo, okuyinto, ngokusho isigatshana 4.5 TU 6-57-95-96, akufanele wehlele ngezansi +108 degrees, empeleni - 90-97 degrees, okuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunendawo abilayo amanzi avamile. Ngamanye amazwi, amathuba okuthi injini enanoma iyiphi kulawa ma-antifreeze ayisithupha ingabila (ikakhulukazi ehlobo) aphezulu kakhulu. Isimo asingcono ngokushisa kokuqala kwe-crystallization. Cishe wonke amasampula aqukethe i-methanol awamelani nesithwathwa esingu-40-degree esinikezwa yizinga lemboni, futhi isampula ye-Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 iqandisiwe kakade ku -30°C. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye abakhiqizi bezinto ezipholile, ngaphandle konembeza, bakhombisa kumalebula ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Opel, Toyota, Volvo ...

 

Ama-antifreezes ahlangabezana nezidingo zabakhiqizi bezimoto

Manje ake sikhulume ngamapholisa asezingeni eliphezulu, amapharamitha awo angaphakathi kwezindinganiso ngokugcwele. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekuhlolweni yaboniswa yibo bonke abakhiqizi abakhulu be-antifreeze, bobabili baseRussia nabangaphandle. Lezi yizinhlobo zasekhaya ezidumile njengeCoolStream (Technoform, Klimovsk), Sintec (Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk), Felix (Tosol-Sintez-Invest, Dzerzhinsk), Niagara (Niagara, Nizhny Novgorod). Kusukela emikhiqizweni yangaphandle, i-brand Liqui Moly (eJalimane) ne-Bardahl (eBelgium) ibambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni. Baphinde babe nemiphumela emihle. Wonke ama-antifreeze asohlwini enziwa ngesisekelo se-MEG, enquma kakhulu izinga lokusebenza kwabo. Ikakhulukazi, cishe zonke zine-margin enkulu kokubili mayelana nokumelana nesithwathwa kanye nephuzu elibilayo.

I-Sintec Premium G12 + i-antifreeze

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamanje, i-Sintec Premium G12 + i-antifreeze inomkhawulo omuhle wokumelana nesithwathwa - izinga lokushisa le-crystallization li--42 C esikhundleni se-standard -40 C. Umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa ngu-Obninskorgsintez ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bamuva be-organic synthesis I-ethylene glycol yezinga eliphezulu kanye nephakheji elivela kwamanye amazwe lezithasiselo ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kwakamuva, i-Sintec Premium G12+ antifreeze imelana ngokuqinile nokugqwala futhi ayiwakhiqizi amadiphozithi endaweni yangaphakathi yesistimu yokupholisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezici zokugcoba eziphumelelayo ezandisa impilo yepompo yamanzi. I-Antifreeze inezimvume ezivela kubakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto abaziwayo (iVolkswagen, MAN, FUZO KAMAZ Trucks Rus) futhi inconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimotweni zabagibeli zokukhiqiza ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, amaloli nezinye izimoto ezinezimo zokusebenza eziphakathi nezinzima. Intengo elinganiselwe 1 litre - ruble 120.

 

I-Liqui Moly ye-radiator ye-antifreeze ye-GTL 12 Plus yesikhathi eside

Isipholile esingenisiwe i-Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus sathuthukiswa yinkampani yaseJalimane i-Liqui Moly, enolwazi olunzulu ekukhiqizeni uketshezi oluhlukahlukene lwezimoto namafutha. Umkhiqizo uyisakhiwo sokuqala sesizukulwane esisha, esikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa i-monoethylene glycol kanye nephakethe le-high-tech lezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezisekelwe ku-organic carboxylic acid. Njengoba ucwaningo lwethu lubonisile, le antifreeze isebenza kahle kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa ebangeni elisuka ku-45°C kuya ku-+110°C. Njengoba abathuthukisi ngokwabo bephawula, i-antifreeze imelana ngempumelelo nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical of metals, kanye nokugqwala kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwama-alloys e-aluminium. I-coolant ihlolwe kaningi abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili emhlabeni, okuholele ekugunyazweni okuvela kwa-Audi, BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Ford, Porsche, Seat, Skoda. Siphinde sazi ukuthi i-Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus ixutshwe nezinqamuleli zokuqandisa ze-G12 ezijwayelekile (imvamisa zipendwe ngokubomvu), kanye nezinqamuleli ezijwayelekile ze-G11. Isikhawu sokushintsha esinconyiwe siyiminyaka emi-5. Intengo elinganiselwe 1 litre - 330 ruble.

I-CoolStream Standard

I-CoolStream Standard ye-carboxylate antifreeze ikhiqizwa i-Technoform, omunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili baseRussia bezinto zokupholisa izimoto. Kuyi-ethylene glycol-based based coolant green based multi-purpose green enobuchwepheshe be-Organic Acid Technology (OAT) carboxylate. Yenziwe nge-Arteco (Belgium) Corrosion Inhibitor BSB futhi iyikhophi enembile (umkhiqizo kabusha) we-Antifreeze BS-Coolant. Umkhiqizo wakhelwe izinhlelo zokupholisa zikaphethiloli wesimanje kanye nezinjini zikadizili zokukhiqizwa kwangaphandle nezasekhaya. Iqukethe izithasiselo ezivela e-Arteco (Belgium), ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-Chevron ne-Total, okuyisiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yawo wonke ama-antifreeze e-carboxylate e-CoolStream. Sekwanele ukusho ukuthi i-CoolStream Standard ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezimbili eziqinile: i-American ASTM D3306 neBritish BS 6580, futhi impilo yayo yesevisi ifinyelela ku-150 km ngaphandle kokushintshwa. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ibhentshi nolwandle kwe-CoolStream Standard antifreeze, ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni nezimvume zokusetshenziswa ezivela ku-AVTOVAZ, UAZ, KamAZ, GAZ, LiAZ, MAZ kanye nenani lezinye izimboni zezimoto zaseRussia manje sezamukelwe.

UFeliksi Carbox G12

I-Felix Carbox coolant iyisizukulwane esisha sasekhaya se-carboxylate antifreeze. Ngokwesigaba se-VW, ihambisana nekilasi G12 + i-organic antifreeze. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umkhiqizo ubonise omunye wemiphumela emihle kakhulu mayelana nokumelana nesithwathwa (ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuze kufike ku--44 degrees). Qaphela ukuthi uFelix Carbox uphumelele umjikelezo ogcwele wokuhlolwa esikhungweni socwaningo saseMelika i-ABIC Testing Laboratories, esiqinisekise ukuhambisana kwayo ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4985, ASTM D 6210, ezilawula izidingo zezimpawu zobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi ye ama-coolants. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo unemvume evela kubakhiqizi bezimoto bangaphandle nabasekhaya, okuhlanganisa i-AvtoVAZ ne-KAMAZ, i-GAZ, i-YaMZ ne-TRM.

I-Felix Carbox yenziwe nge-premium grade monoethylene glycol, amanzi akhiwe ngokukhethekile ahlanzekile ahlanzekile akhishwe amaminerali kanye nephakheji eliyingqayizivele le-carboxylic acid elengeziwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-antifreeze kunikeza imayela elikhuphukile kuze kube yilapho lishintshwa ngokulandelayo (kufika ku-250 km), inqobo nje uma umkhiqizo ungaxutshwanga nezinye izinhlobo zokupholisa.

I-Niagara RED G12+

I-Niagara RED G12+ i-antifreeze iyisipholile sesizukulwane esisha esakhiwe ngochwepheshe be-Niagara PKF. Umkhiqizo wadalwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele be-Extended Life Coolant Technology carboxylate, enye yezinto ezibalulekile okuyikhono lokwenza ungqimba oluvikelayo olunamachashazi ezindaweni lapho ukugqwala kuqala khona. Le khwalithi ye-antifreeze iyinikeza isikhawu esingeziwe sokushintshwa (kuze kufike eminyakeni emi-5 yokusebenza ngemva kokugcwalisa isistimu yokupholisa noma u-250 km wokugijima). Siyaqaphela futhi ukuthi isipholile se-Niagara RED G000 + siphumelele umjikelezo ogcwele wokuhlolwa kokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ASTM D12, ASTM D3306 ku-ABIC Testing Laboratories, e-USA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antifreeze inemvume esemthethweni ye-AvtoVAZ, kanye nezinye izitshalo zezimoto zaseRussia, ukuze kufakwe i-refueling yokuqala ku-conveyor.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-antifreeze ye-Niagara RED G12+ ibonise enkulu kunazo zonke (phakathi kwabanye ababambiqhaza bokuhlola) imajini yokumelana nesithwathwa (kufika ku-46 ° C). Ngezinkomba zokushisa ezinjalo, lokhu kupholisa kungasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia. Isici esihlukile se-Niagara G12 Plus Red canister iyisipothi esihlehlisayo esenza kube lula ukugcwalisa uketshezi ohlelweni lokupholisa. Intengo elinganiselwe 1 litre - ruble 100.

I-Bardahl Universal Concentrate

I-concentrate yokuqala ye-antifreeze yaseBelgium ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-monoethylene glycol kusetshenziswa iphakethe lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu lezithasiselo ze-carboxylate. Isici esihlukile salo mkhiqizo ukuguquguquka kwawo - i-antifreeze esekelwe kuwo ixubene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-organic and mineral coolant, kungakhathaliseki umbala, kuhlanganise ne-antifreeze. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umkhiqizo awuqinisekisanga nje kuphela izinkomba zokushisa ezimenyezelwe, kodwa wazithuthukisa ngandlela-thile. Ngokusho kwabamele inkampani yonjiniyela, i-antifreeze imelana ngokuphumelelayo nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical of metals, kanye nokugqwala okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Isipholile siyanconywa ezinjinini ezidinga ukunqanyulwa kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe - izinjini ezisheshisa kakhulu, izinjini ezishajayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Bardahl Universal Concentrate ayithathi hlangothi ezinsimbi nama-alloys ehlukahlukene, kungaba ithusi, ithusi, insimbi yengxubevange, insimbi ecijile noma i-aluminium. I-Antifreeze ayithinti kabi imikhiqizo yerabha nepulasitiki yesistimu yokupholisa. Ukusuka ekusebenzeni ezinhlelweni zokupholisa izimoto zabagibeli zingafinyelela ku-250 km, futhi impilo yesevisi eqinisekisiwe okungenani iminyaka emi-000. Ngamafuphi, umkhiqizo ofanelekayo. Intengo elinganiselwe ye-5 ilitha yokugxila - ama-ruble angu-1.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa? Okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emakethe, ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo emihle yemikhiqizo eyaziwayo, kunenqwaba yezinto ezipholile zezinye izinhlobo, futhi kude nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke uma ungeyena i-tech savvy, landela imithetho embalwa elula. Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-antifreeze egunyazwe umkhiqizi wemoto yakho. Uma ungakutholi okokupholisa okunjalo - khetha uhlobo olufanayo lwe-antifreeze njengoba lunconyelwe imoto yakho, kodwa kufanele lugunyazwe ezinye izinkampani zezimoto. Futhi ungalokothi uthathe izwi labathengisi abazenzakalelayo bezwakalisa "ama-superantifreeze" abo. Ngendlela, akunzima kangako ukuhlola ukunemba kwedatha emenyezelwe. Ukucacisa ulwazi mayelana nokutholakala kokubekezelelana, ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukubheka incwadi yesevisi, imibhalo yezimoto, amawebhusayithi ezimboni zezimoto kanye nabakhiqizi be-antifreeze. Lapho uthenga, qaphela ukupakishwa - kwamanye amabhodlela, abakhiqizi banamathisele ilebula ethi "Ayiqukethe i-glycerin" - ukuqeda ukungabaza ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo.

Ngendlela, kuzo zonke izinkinga eziphawulwe ngenhla ohlelweni lokupholisa injini olubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-antifreeze ye-glycerin-methanol, namuhla kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukwenza izimangalo ngokumelene nabakhiqizi babo. Kunezizathu ezingokomthetho zalokhu, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezithathwe ezingeni lezinhlaka zikahulumeni. Khumbula ukuthi ekupheleni konyaka odlule, iBhodi le-Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), ngeSinqumo sayo No. I-Special Fluids” (TR TS 162/030) . Ngokwalesi sinqumo, kuzokwethulwa umkhawulo oqinile kokuqukethwe kwe-methyl alcohol kuma-coolants - akufanele kudlule u-2012%. Isinqumo sesivele sisebenza, futhi manje noma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto angafaka isicelo, ngendlela enqunywe umthetho, ezikhungweni zokulawula (zokuqondisa) kuhulumeni futhi afune isinxephezelo sokulimala kwempahla okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engahambisani nezobuchwepheshe. imithethonqubo. Umbhalo we-Eurasian Economic Commission usebenza endaweni yamazwe amahlanu angamalungu e-EEC: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia naseKyrgyzstan.